Estrutura econômica do estado do Piauí nos anos de 2010 e 2015: uma contribuição a partir da abordagem insumo-produto

O trabalho objetiva traçar prognósticos acerca da estrutura produtiva piauiense nos anos de 2010 e 2015 por meio de diferentes indicadores relacionados à análise insumo-produto, de forma que, a partir dos resultados encontrados, possam ser oferecidas informações que sirvam de subsídios para as políticas de planejamento do estado. Para tanto, tomando por base a matriz insumo-produto nacional e uma combinação de quocientes locacionais simples e regionalização das matrizes através do método RAS, estima-se um esquema insumo-produto estadual contemplando 40 atividades, a partir do qual, identifica-se o perfil tecnológico do sistema econômico estadual, através de indicadores estruturais de encadeamento. Os resultados denotam que a economia piauiense apresenta problemas no que tange à complementaridade entre suas atividades produtivas, relativamente pouco encadeadas quando comparadas à dimensão nacional. Ademais, os resultados significativamente díspares do nacional implicam que os efeitos de transbordamento do crescimento do país para o Piauí, pouco afetariam a produção piauiense

CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BARK COMPOUNDS FROM CAATINGA SPECIES

This study aimed to chemically characterize the bark extracts from three tree species: Anacardium occidentale L., Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. and Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth., in addition to obtaining the soluble extract content in water, alcohol and hexane from the bark of these species. The bark was collected from branches of the three species and subsequently pre-dried and milled. The extract content was then determined using the Sohxlet method aiming to quantify the total extractives in the samples, and determine the extract content soluble in water, ethyl alcohol and hexane. The extracts were further analyzed by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis to determine their chemical composition. The extract contents in the three species behaved in a similar way, with hexane being the solvent which extracted more compounds and juazeiro the species that displayed the highest total extract content. With the chemical characterization of the extracts, it was possible to identify the presence of functional groups characteristic of carbohydrates and proteins in the aqueous extracts; the presence of characteristic hydroxyl group, for example in alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and ethers in the ethanolic extracts; and the presence of fatty acids and aromatic compounds (essential oils) in hexanolic extracts. The essential oils were the compounds which presented larger quantities, and can be exploited by the pharmaco-chemical industry

ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF BARK EXTRACTS FROM BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID TREE SPECIES AGAINST Ganoderma spp.

Tree native species of the Caatinga (a Brazilian semi-arid biome) have characteristics of interest for the use of their wood and non-wood products, especially regarding their natural chemical compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal action of different bark extracts of Anacardium occidentale, Ziziphus joazeiro and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia against Ganoderma lobatum and G. multiplicatum by in vitro mycelial inhibition. The extractions from the bark of the trees were carried out with a Soxhlet extractor, using water, ethanol and hexane as solvents. The potential of mycelia inhibition of each extract was tested against fungi of the Ganoderma genus. The hexane extracts of the bark had activity against G. multiplicatum, unlike the aqueous and ethanol extracts. Even though the hexane-based extracts had a small mycelial inhibition effect against G. lobatum, there were no satisfactory results of extracts against this fungus species

Chronic exposure to lipopolysaccharides as an in vitro model to simulate the impaired odontogenic potential of dental pulp cells under pulpitis conditions

Simulating a bacterial-induced pulpitis environment in vitro may contribute to exploring mechanisms and bioactive molecules to counteract these adverse effects. Objective: To investigate the chronic exposure of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) aiming to establish a cell culture protocol to simulate the impaired odontogenic potential under pulpitis conditions. Methodology: HDPCs were isolated from four healthy molars of different donors and seeded in culture plates in a growth medium. After 24 h, the medium was changed to an odontogenic differentiation medium (DM) supplemented or not with E. coli LPS (0 - control, 0.1, 1, or 10 µg/mL) (n=8). The medium was renewed every two days for up to seven days, then replaced with LPS-free DM for up to 21 days. The activation of NF-κB and F-actin expression were assessed (immunofluorescence) after one and seven days. On day 7, cells were evaluated for both the gene expression (RT-qPCR) of odontogenic markers (COL1A1, ALPL, DSPP, and DMP1) and cytokines (TNF, IL1B, IL8, and IL6) and the production of reactive nitrogen (Griess) and oxygen species (Carboxy-H2DCFDA). Cell viability (alamarBlue) was evaluated weekly, and mineralization was assessed (Alizarin Red) at 14 and 21 days. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and post-hoc tests (α=5%). Results: After one and seven days of exposure to LPS, NF-κB was activated in a dose-dependent fashion. LPS at 1 and 10 µg/mL concentrations down-regulated the gene expression of odontogenic markers and up-regulated cytokines. LPS at 10 µg/mL increased both the production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. LPS decreased cell viability seven days after the end of exposure. LPS at 1 and 10 µg/mL decreased hDPCs mineralization in a dose-dependent fashion. Conclusion: The exposure to 10 µg/mL LPS for seven days creates an inflammatory environment that is able to impair by more than half the odontogenic potential of HDPCs in vitro, simulating a pulpitis-like condition

Epidemiologia e fatores de risco do câncer de mama masculino

Em relação ao câncer de mama, observa-se a raridade do diagnóstico em homens – com menos de 6 casos por 100.000 pessoas por ano. Embora represente menos de 1% de todos os cânceres de mama no mundo, nota-se que nos últimos anos a incidência no sexo masculino está aumentando. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a epidemiologia e os fatores de risco do câncer de mama masculino. O estudo consiste em uma revisão integrativa realizada a partir de 20 artigos, do período de 2015 a 2019, obtidos das bases de dados do PubMed, Scielo e Google Acadêmico utilizando como descritores “male breast”, “cancer”, “epidemiology”, “risk factors”. Em relação a epidemiologia os estudos mostraram que no período de 2009 a 2013 houve um total de 2639 internações por câncer de mama masculino, enquanto que o número de óbitos foi 749 de 2005 a 2015, sendo a região Sudeste a mais acometida. A faixa etária de maior incidência é de 60 anos ou mais. As pesquisas demostraram que o avançar da idade, presença de genes específicos, obesidade e síndrome metabólica associada, alterações do cariótipo como a síndrome de Klinefelter, distúrbios hormonais, danos hepáticos e fatores ambientais tais como a radioterapia, uso de maconha, doenças da tireoide e medicamentos predispõem o desenvolvimento da neoplasia. Observaram que esses fatores de risco quando associados aumentam a probabilidade da ocorrência de câncer de mama masculino. Entretanto, esses dados são negligenciados pelo paciente e pelo sistema de saúde. Essa realidade ocorre por ser uma doença rara e pelos fatores socioculturais. Dessa maneira, os diagnósticos são tardios e a probabilidade de cura é diminuída. Portanto, é preciso romper com o pensamento de invulnerabilidade masculina, uma vez que são indivíduos passíveis de adoecimento e carecem de um atendimento integral

Desorption isotherms and isosteric heat of niger grains (Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass.)

Niger seed oil has excellent quality and quantity (30-50%) and is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly linoleic acid (about 70%). Thus, control of environmental temperature and relative humidity, and of seed moisture content is essential to maintain seed oil quality during storage. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the desorption isotherms of niger seeds under different temperature and water activity conditions, to test the experimental data with different mathematical models, and discover which best represents the phenomenon, as well as calculate the isosteric heat value for the product. Hygroscopicity was determined by the static gravimetric method, at temperatures of 30, 35 and 40 ºC, and water activity between 0.07 and 0.79 (decimal). For the experimental data, mathematical models commonly used to test hygroscopicity in agricultural products were evaluated. From the results obtained, it was concluded that: water activity increases as moisture content rises; based on the statistical parameters, the models of Chung and Pfost, modified Henderson, Oswin, Sabbah, Sigma Copace, Halsey, Smith and Copace appropriatrely represented the desorption phenomenon of niger seeds; total isosteric desorption heat increased with reduction of moisture content, with values varying from 2539.62 to 3081.48 kJ kg-1, within the range of equilibrium moisture content of 2.4 to 12.2 (% dry basis)

Evaluation of performance of maltodextrin and gum Arabic usage on volatiles profile of Spray-dried powders of sapota (Manilkara zapota) fruit

Abstract This work has an objective to analyse and quantify the volatile compounds content in the dried powder of sapota using two encapsulating agents, maltodextrin or gum Arabic, and a mix of these agents. The major compounds found were ethyl acetate and 1-hexanol. Regarding the concentrations of these compounds present in the atomized samples, it can be verified that for both ethyl acetate and 1-hexanol their concentrations were higher in rehydrated gum Arabic dried powder (SG) sample, being 1237.15 µg/kg and 588.08 µg/kg, respectively, compared to the other two samples, rehydrated maltodextrin dried powder (SM) and rehydrated powder containing both encapsulating agents (SMG). The results of PCA analysis showed that the first two main components PC1 and PC2 were able to explain 80.90% of the total variation of the data, of which the main component PC1 explained 59.77% and the component PC2, 21.13%. %. From the heat map the top cluster includes the samples SM e SMG, while the bottom cluster contains the samples sapota juice and SG. Therefore, the sample SG presented greater similarity with the sample of fresh sapota juice as to the composition of volatile compounds

The effects of exercise modalities on adiposity in obese rats

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of both swimming and resistance training on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 expression, adipocyte area and lipid profiles in rats fed a high-fat diet. METHODS: The study was conducted over an eight-week period on Wistar adult rats, who were divided into six groups as follows (n = 10 per group): sedentary chow diet, sedentary high-fat diet, swimming plus chow diet, swimming plus high-fat diet, resistance training plus chow diet, and resistance training plus high-fat diet. Rats in the resistance training groups climbed a vertical ladder with weights on their tails once every three days. The swimming groups swam for 60 minutes/day, five days/week. RESULTS: The high-fat diet groups had higher body weights, a greater amount of adipose tissue, and higher tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in the visceral adipose tissue. Furthermore, the high-fat diet promoted a negative change in the lipid profile. In the resistance training high-fat group, the tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression was lower than that in the swimming high-fat and sedentary high-fat groups. Moreover, smaller visceral and retroperitoneal adipocyte areas were found in the resistance training high-fat group than in the sedentary high-fat group. In the swimming high-fat group, the tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression was lower and the epididymal and retroperitoneal adipocyte areas were smaller compared with the sedentary high-fat group. CONCLUSION: The results showed that both exercise modalities improved the lipid profile, adiposity and obesity-associated inflammation in rats, suggesting their use as an alternative to control the deleterious effects of a high-fat diet in humans

Use of growth hormone in region 19p13.3 microduplication syndrome in girl with central early puberty: a clinical case report

Chromosomal mutations involving 19p13.3 have been described as pathogenic. clinical and phenotypic features can include, in most cases, psychomotor development delay, microcephaly, typical facial appearance, hand and foot anomalies, umbilical hernia, hypotonia, and low percentage of lean mass. The main types of mutation found on this chromosome are deletion or duplication. Short stature is often the cause of medical demand and the use of exogenous GH for patients with this syndrome is not beneficial. This article reports the case of a 5-year-old girl who sought medical help due to short stature and was diagnosed with this syndrome. Furthermore, this case study may contribute to the dissemination in the medical community about the association of this genetic mutation with the child's clinical condition, warning about this syndrome, and the possibility of the occurrence of early puberty. This study was analyzed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) according to a substantiated opinion number 4.765.113