Electrochemical study of nickel(salen) and cobalt(salen) derivatives complexes in the presence of unsaturated halides

The electrochemical intramolecular cyclisation of allyl 2-bromophenyl ethers in N,N'-dimethylformamide at constant current in a diaphragmless cell has been developed using Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes as electron-transfer mediators. Cyclic compounds are obtained in good yields under appropriate experimental conditions

Alteraciones ejecutivas en el Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo: una revisión sistemática con paradigmas emocionales y no emocionales

Precedent: Impairments in executive functioning may be associated with compulsive symptoms in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control and working memory in OCD patients. using emotional and non-emotional paradigms. Method: we reviewed research published in PubMed, Web of Science, PsychInfo, Scopus, Scielo, and ProQuest Psychology databases, from January 2008 to April 2019. The review followed a two-stage process. In the first stage, we selected only studies using neutral stimuli paradigms, while in the second we selected executive-emotional paradigms. Results: The first stage of the review provided 16 final results, while the second stage, with emotional stimuli, provided 3 results. Conclusions: There is some initial evidence for the existence of executive impairments in OCD, as expressed in the performance and/or processing of working memory inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility. There is also initial evidence that these latter two could be modulated by the presentation or mental representation of negative valence stimuli or images, as well as the presence of aversive contingencies.Antecedentes: las alteraciones en el funcionamiento ejecutivo podrían estar asociadas a los síntomas compulsivos del Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo (TOC). El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática en fl exibilidad cognitiva, control inhibitorio y memoria de trabajo en pacientes con TOC, empleando paradigmas emocionales y no emocionales. Método: revisamos investigaciones publicadas en PubMed, Web of Science, PsychInfo, Scopus, Scielo y ProQuest Psychology databases, desde enero de 2008 hasta abril de 2019. La revisión siguió un proceso de dos etapas: la primera centrada en estudios con paradigmas ejecutivos neutros y la segunda con paradigmas ejecutivos emocionales. Resultados: la primera etapa de búsqueda arrojó un resultado de 16 estudios, mientras que la segunda, con paradigmas emocionales, arrojó tres resultados. Conclusiones: a pesar de la escasa cantidad de investigación, existen evidencias de alteraciones ejecutivas en TOC que se expresan en la ejecución o en el procesamiento de memoria de trabajo, control inhibitorio y fl exibilidad cognitiva. También hay evidencias de que estos dos últimos componentes podrían estar modulados por la presentación o representación mental de estímulos negativos, así como por la presencia de contingencias aversivas.M.T.F. acknowledges Xunta de Galicia-GAIN for the Principia research grant. This work was supported by Fundacion Maria Jose Jove. O.F.G and S.C. were supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Science, through national funds and co-financed by FEDER through COMPETE2020 under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007653) and along with J.L. were also funded through the grants: P2020-PTDC/MHC; PCN/3950/2014; PTDC/PSI-ESP/30280/2017 and PTDC/PSI-ESP/29701/2017), S.C. was also funded by the individual grant IF/00091/2015

Soil loss risk and habitat quality in streams of a meso-scale river basin

Soil loss expectation and possible relationships among soil erosion, riparian vegetation and water quality were studied in the São José dos Dourados River basin, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Through Geographic Information System (GIS) resources and technology, Soil Loss Expectation (SLE) data obtained using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model were analyzed. For the whole catchment area and for the 30 m buffer strips of the streams of 22 randomly selected catchments, the predominant land use and habitat quality were studied. Owing mainly to the high soil erodibility, the river basin is highly susceptible to erosive processes. Habitat quality analyses revealed that the superficial water from the catchments is not chemically impacted but suffers physical damage. A high chemical purity is observed since there are no urban areas along the catchments. The water is physically poor because of high rates of sediment delivery and the almost nonexistence of riparian vegetation.Expectativa de perda de solo e possíveis relações entre erosão, vegetação ripária e qualidade da água foram estudados na bacia do rio São José dos Dourados (SP). Através de recursos de geoprocessamento e da Equação Universal de Perda de Solos, os dados sobre expectativa de perda de solo foram levantados. Para a área de drenagem total e a faixa tampão dos corpos d'água de 22 sub-bacias aleatoriamente selecionadas, analisou-se a cobertura do solo predominante e qualidade do habitat. Devido principalmente à alta erodibilidade do solo, a área estudada é altamente suscetível ao processo erosivo. As análises de qualidade da água revelaram que as águas superficiais das sub-bacias estão quimicamente não impactadas, mas fisicamente degradadas. A alta pureza química deve-se, possivelmente, à ausência de áreas urbanizadas ao longo das sub-bacias e as alterações nas características físicas são, possivelmente, decorrentes das altas taxas de transferência de sedimento aos corpos d'água e à quase ausência de mata ciliar

Neuroinflammation and Neurotransmission Mechanisms Involved in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Some classical psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, autism, major depression, bipolar and obsessive‐compulsive disorders, have been related to neuroinflammatory process, immunological abnormalities, and neurotransmission impairment beyond genetic mutations. Neuroinflammation is mostly regulated by glial cells, which respond to physiological and pathological stimuli by anti‐ and pro‐inflammatory cytokine and chemokine signaling; moreover, recent studies have indicated that glial cells also respond to the neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters regulate many biological processes, such as cell proliferation and synaptogenesis, which contribute to the formation of functional circuits. Alterations in the neurotransmission can lead to many pathological changes that occur in brain disorders. For example, studies have shown that neuroinflammation can alter the metabolism of glutamate as well as the function of its transporters, resulting in cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric impairments. Cytokines as IL‐1β and IL‐6 appear to have an important influence in the dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurons. These data together suggest that glial cells via cytokines and abnormal regulation of neurotransmitters can influence psychiatric disorders. The present knowledge about this issue does not allow answering whether neuroinflammation is the cause or the consequence of neurotransmission imbalance and emphasizes the importance to improve in vivo imaging methods and models to elucidate this enigma

PROEJA e Letramento Digital

Esse artigo origina-se de um estudo exploratório focando turmas de PROEJA e o uso que porventura façam de ferramentas próprias das tecnologias de informação e comunicação como instrumento de aprendizagem. Busca contribuir na compreensão de aspectos ligados ao letramento digital, questionando o interesse que, por si só, o uso de computadores provocaria nos alunos dessa modalidade educacional específica. Busca ainda assinalar e discutir as mudanças posturais que os estudantes porventura tiveram frente ao uso de computador e as maneiras como tais mudanças se constituem como indicativos de um letramento digital

Morbidade subjacente à concessão de benefício por incapacidade temporária para o trabalho

INTRODUCTION: To identify health conditions leading to benefits due to temporary work disability in a population of insured workers. METHODS: International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for conditions resulting in temporary work-disability (E-31) were retrieved from the National Institute of Social Security (INSS) data bank in Porto Alegre, Brazil, in 1998. The ICD codes related to the worker's disability assigned in the early medical expert examination (aX1) were used to describe the main disability causes and groups of conditions. RESULTS: A total of 6,898 disability benefits were allowed to insured workers: 1,486 (22%) were attributed to "external causes"; 1,181 (17%) to "surgery recovery" (subdivided as follows: 34% gastrointestinal; 26% genitourinary; 11% musculoskeletal; and 10% external causes ); and 4,119 (61%) to "medical conditions" (subdivided as follows: 24.8% musculoskeletal diseases; 18.9% mental diseases; and 16.2% cardiovascular diseases). When compared to a similar Brazilian study conducted in 1986, external causes moved up from fourth to the first position as a determinant of temporary work disability. CONCLUSIONS: The main causes of disability identified, accidents and violence, musculoskeletal diseases and mental diseases, are potentially associated to the worsening of the quality of life and work conditions during the study and should be a (preventive and therapeutic) priority in the nation's unified health care (SUS) agenda. The study shows the viability of referring to the INSS data bank in morbidity studies.OBJETIVO: Identificar os agravos à saúde subjacentes à concessão de benefício por incapacidade temporária, na população trabalhadora segurada. MÉTODOS: Foram recuperados do banco de dados do Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social (INSS) todos os benefícios do tipo auxílio-doença previdenciário (E-31) concedidos no ano de 1998 aos trabalhadores de Porto Alegre, RS. Os Códigos de Classificação Internacional de Doenças atribuídos à condição subjacente à incapacidade no exame pericial inicial (aX1) foram utilizados para descrever as principais causas e os grupos de causas subjacentes à incapacidade. RESULTADOS: Foram concedidos 6.898 benefícios E-31: 1.486 (22%) por "causas externas"; 1.181 (17%) por "convalescência após cirurgia" (34% por causas gastrointestinais, 26% genitourinárias, 11% osteomusculares e 10% por causas externas); e 4.119 (61%) por "condições clínicas" (24,8% por doenças osteomusculares, 18,9% por doenças mentais e 16,2% por doenças cardiovasculares). Comparadas a estudo realizado no Brasil em 1986, as causas externas passaram da quarta para a primeira posição como determinante de incapacidade temporária para o trabalho. CONCLUSÃO: Acidentes e violências, doenças osteomusculares e doenças mentais -- as três primeiras causas de incapacidade identificadas -- estão potencialmente associadas à piora da qualidade de vida e de trabalho registrada no período e merecem atenção prioritária (preventiva e assistencial) do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O estudo demonstra a viabilidade da utilização do banco de dados do INSS para estudos de morbidade

Project, development and test of an artificial multifunctional foot

The main purpose of this project is the development of a multifunctional artificial foot, capable of duplicate a human foot in a laboratory environment, in order to evaluate and simulate footwear’s performance under certain conditions. This foot is used as a laboratory prototype and is multisegmented, in order that each section is controlled independently in terms of heat generation and sweating rate, therefore it is possible to simulate more accurately the real behaviour of a human foot. The device produces thermal insulation values that will help to design footwear with better ability in terms of thermal comfort, replacing human volunteers in thermal comfort perception tests, which are very subjective. The prototype was already tested, and preliminary results indicated that thermal insulation values are within the range of expected values produced by other foot thermal manikins and by human volunteers’ tests. This fact suggests that this lab prototype can be used in future thermal comfort evaluations.This project was supported by FCT (the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) and CTCP (Fo otwear Technology Centre of Portugal) because of its poten tial interest and added value to the footwear industry, which is one of the most profitable business areas in Portugal.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio