Katsaus automaatio- ja mittausteknologian trendeistä kaivostoiminnassa - louhokselta murskaukseen

Tämä julkaisu liittyy Lapin ammattikorkeakoulussa Optisen mittaustekniikan laboratorion toteuttamaan selvityshankkeeseen; Automaatio ja mittaustekniikan tarpeet kaivoksissa louhinnasta primäärimurskaukseen. Hankkeessa selvitetään tulevaisuuden kaivosalan automaatio ja mittaustekniikan tarpeita sekä laaditaan suunnitelma tarpeita vastaavien ratkaisujen kehittämiseen yhdessä yritysten ja tutkimuslaitosten kanssa. Hanke toteutetaan 2015–2016 välisenä aikana ja sitä rahoitetaan EU:n aluekehitysrahastosta Kestävää kasvua ja työtä 2014–2020 Suomen rakennerahasto-ohjelmasta Lapin liiton toimesta. Tässä julkaisussa esitetään hankkeen aikana esiin tulleita ja havaittuja asioita, jotka liittyvät kaivostoiminnan tulevaisuuden näkymiin maailmalla. Julkaisussa esitetään muutamien kaivosalan yritysten, tutkimusorganisaatioiden ja kansallisten strategioiden näkemyksiä ja visioita tulevaisuuden kaivostoiminnasta. Lisäksi esitellään joitakin kaivostoimintaan liittyviä teknisiä ratkaisuja, joita jo käytetään tai ovat mahdollisesti tulossa käyttöön ja siten mahdollistavat tulevaisuuden kaivostoiminnan visiot. Tekniset ratkaisut liittyvät pääasiassa hankkeen rajaamaan alueeseen eli kaivostoiminnan prosesseihin louhinnasta murskaukseen. Julkaisu on katsaus edellä kuvatuista kaivosalan yritysten ja asiantuntijoiden esiin tuomista asioista, jotka kirjoittajat ovat tiivistäneet yhdeksi kokonaisuudeksi. Julkaisun tavoitteena on tukea ja herättää ajatuksia kaivosalalla työskenteleville asiantuntijoille, kun he pohtivat tulevaisuuden kaivostoimintaa.Tässä julkaisussa esitetään muutamien kaivosalan yritysten, tutkimusorganisaatioiden ja kansallisten strategioiden näkemyksiä ja visioita tulevaisuuden kaivostoiminnasta. Lisäksi kuvataan joitakin kaivostoimintaan liittyviä teknisiä ratkaisuja, joita jo käytetään tai jotka ovat mahdollisesti tulossa käyttöön ja siten mahdollistavat tulevaisuuden kaivostoiminnan visiot. Tekniset ratkaisut liittyvät pääasiassa kaivostoiminnan prosesseihin louhinnasta murskaukseen. Julkaisun tavoitteena on antaa tukea ja herättää ajatuksia kaivosalalla työskentelevissä asiantuntijoissa kun he pohtivat tulevaisuuden kaivostoimintaa. Julkaisu liittyy Lapin ammattikorkeakoulussa Optisen mittaustekniikan laboratorion toteuttamaan selvityshankkeeseen Automaatio ja mittaustekniikan tarpeet kaivoksissa louhinnasta primäärimurskaukseen. Hankkeessa selvitetään tulevaisuuden kaivosalan automaatio- ja mittaustekniikan tarpeita sekä laaditaan suunnitelma tarpeita vastaavien ratkaisujen kehittämiseen yhdessä yritysten ja tutkimuslaitosten kanssa. Hanke toteutetaan 2015–2016 välisenä aikana ja sitä rahoitetaan EU:n aluekehitysrahastosta Kestävää kasvua ja työtä 2014–2020 Suomen rakennerahasto-ohjelmasta Lapin liiton toimesta

In-Time On-Place Learning

The aim of this short paper is to look at how mobile video recording devices could support learning related to physical practices or places and situations at work. This paper discusses particular kind of workplace learning, namely learning using short video clips that are related to physical environment and tasks preformed in situ. The paper presents challenges of supporting learning as part of work practices taking place in the workplace, because learning has different attributes during work than in formal educational contexts: e.g. it is informal, just in time and social. The theoretical framework of the design is the tradition of pragmatism. We start with the concepts of experience, change of practices / habits and reflection, claiming that living through experiences suggest changes for practices and these trigger reflective processing of the situations. We present an Android application ‘Ach So!’ for creating and annotating short videos as potential solution for informal learning for physical work practices. The paper ends in proposing future steps in the development of the application. The co-design process for the application is lean and iterative, where the design receives feedback from the project partners, skilled workers, apprentices and managers of SMEs targeted to be the main users of the application.Peer reviewe

Removal of Radionuclides from Fukushima Daiichi Waste Effluents

This paper describes the processes used at the Fukushima Daiichi plant, Japan, to purify the waste effluents generated in the cooling of damaged reactors. These include primary cesium removal with the Kurion zeolite system and the SARRY system utilizing silicotitanate to remove radiocesium from water recirculated to reactors for cooling. Another process is the ALPS system to purify the retentates of the reverse osmosis plant to further purify the water from radionuclides after primary cesium separation. In ALPS, a major role is played by the transition metal hexacyanoferrate product CsTreat and sodium titanate SrTreat in the removal of radiocesium and radiostrontium, respectively. The performance of these four exchangers (zeolite, silicotitanate, hexacyanoferrate, and sodium titanate) is critically analyzed with respect to processing capacities and the decontamination factors obtained in the processes. Furthermore, general information on preparation, structure and ion exchange of these ion-exchanger categories is given with additional information on their use in nuclear waste effluent treatment processes. Finally, the importance of selectivity and associated factors are discussed.Peer reviewe

Persistence of antibodies to pneumococcal vaccine in patients with chronic renal failure

Persistence of antibodies to pneumococcal vaccine in patients with chronic renal failure and renal allograft recipients. Antibody response to the 14-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) in 17 renal allograft recipients, 29 azotemic, 11 hemodialysis, and 33 control patients. The IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies were measured against six pneumococcal antigen types 1, 3, 4, 6A, 8, and 19F. The control patients had the best antibody responses in the IgG and IgA antibody classes and the renal allograft recipients in the IgM class. The renal allograft recipients had significantly stronger antibody responses than the azotemic and hemodialysis patients. The hemodialysis patients had significantly weaker antibody responses than the control patients and the renal allograft recipients, and they also lost their antibodies most rapidly. Thus, the hemodialysis patients and probably some azotemic patients should be considered for re vaccination

Procedure time and filling quality for bulk-fill base and conventional incremental composite techniques—A randomised controlled in vitro trial

Objectives: The aims of this randomised controlled laboratory trial were to determine the procedure time and immediate quality (surface porosity and marginal gaps) of fillings placed using the bulk-fill base technique and the conventional incremental technique in simulated clinical settings. Methods: Forty-two dentists and dental students were randomly allocated to use either the bulk-fill base technique or the conventional incremental technique to fill an identical class II disto-occlusal cavity in a maxillary left first molar typodont tooth. We recorded the time the participants used to fill the cavity and evaluated the surface porosity and marginal gaps on the approximal surfaces of the fillings using a stereomicroscope and specific probes according to the FDI criteria for restoration evaluation. Data were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, and chi-square tests. Results: The median time ± interquartile range was 186 ± 80 s for the bulk-fill base technique and 463 ± 156 s for the conventional incremental technique (p < 0.001). The quality of the fillings was better for the bulk-fill base technique than for the conventional incremental technique (X2 = 9.5, p = 0.002). Neither operator experience nor the usual technique of choice were associated with the procedure time or the quality of the fillings. Conclusions: Compared to the conventional incremental technique, the use of the bulk-fill base technique shortened the time to fill a cavity by 59.8 % or 4 min and 36 s, and it improved the immediate surface and marginal quality of the fillings, regardless of the operator’s experience or technique preference. Clinical significance: The use of the bulk-fill base technique instead of the conventional incremental technique leads to significant time-savings when placing large class II composite fillings. Additionally, the use of the bulkfill base technique instead of the conventional incremental technique improves the immediate quality of large class II composite fillings

Automated stilbene UV fluorescence measurement

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Automatisoitu stilbeenien UV-fluoresenssin mittaus

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Towards in-cylinder chemical species tomography on large-bore IC engines with pre-chamber

A feasibility study is presented and the achieved key design milestones towards the first application of Chemical Species Tomography by Near-IR Absorption Tomography on a heavy duty, large-bore marine engine to visualise relative mixture strength are described. The engine is equipped with pre-chamber ignition and operates using Liquefied Natural Gas with > 88.9 % methane content. Operation of the engine under maximum-load conditions is a key design requirement, with peak cylinder pressure and mean temperature exceeding 127,510 Torr (170 bar) and 850 K respectively. The near-IR spectroscopic behaviour of methane is examined for suitable absorption and reference regions for the above application. In particular, the spectroscopic absorption around the 2ν3 transition region near 1,666 nm is approximated by simulation using data from the HITRAN database under worst-case conditions. The simulation results are compared with methane spectra experimentally acquired at high temperature and ambient pressure. Interference from other chemical species as well as measurement linearity is also investigated. A 31-laser beam tomographic imaging array is proposed, which has been optimised to achieve higher spatial resolution performance in the vicinity of the pre-chamber’s orifices. To enable optical access, a novel, minimally-intrusive method is presented, utilising standard fibreoptics and collimator

Männyn sydänpuun stilbeenipitoisuuden optinen mittaus

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Optical measurement of Scots pine heartwood stilbene content

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