Equinococose no sul do Brasil: tentativas para implementação de um programa de controle em Santana do Livramento, Rio Grande do Sul

This investigation aimed to design a strategy for echinococcosis control in Santana do Livramento county, an endemic area in state of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Fecal samples from 65 dogs were obtained from urban, suburban and rural areas. Purging with Arecoline Bromhidrate (AB) was done to visualize Echinococcus granulosus, and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was performed to detect parasite coproantigen. Samples were obtained at the beginning and at the end of treatment with Praziquantel. A third fecal sampling was also done in rural areas four months after the end of treatment. Each dog was treated immediately after the first purging and every 30 days for eight months. In urban and suburban areas no infected dogs were found. In rural areas, first evaluation showed 11.36% and 27.69% of infected dogs by AB and ELISA, respectively. No infected dogs were diagnosed in the second evaluation and in the third evaluation 36.84% and 47.37% infected dogs were identified by AB and ELISA, respectively. Medication program to combat dog infection resulted in successful interruption of parasite transmission, but the project failed to create awareness of the need for dog prophylaxis among rural populations as well as to establish a permanent control program in this municipality.Este trabalho objetivou implementar um programa de controle da equinococose no município de Santana do Livramento, área endêmica no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). Amostras fecais de 65 cães foram coletadas em áreas urbanas, suburbanas e rurais. Para visualizar o Echinococcus granulosus foi realizada purgação com Bromhidrato de Arecolina (BA) e para identificar coproantígenos parasitários foi empregado um método imunoenzimático (ELISA). As amostras foram coletadas no começo e ao fim do tratamento com Praziquantel. Nas áreas rurais uma terceira coleta foi feita quatro meses após o fim do tratamento. Cada cão foi tratado no começo e a cada trinta dias durante 8 meses. Nas áreas urbanas e suburbanas nenhum cão parasitado foi identificado. Nas áreas rurais estavam parasitados 11,36% e 27,69% dos cães, por BA e ELISA, respectivamente. Na terceira avaliação, 36,84% e 47,37% dos cães estavam infectados, por BA e ELISA, respectivamente. Observou-se que um programa a base de drogas anti-parasitárias resultou em interrupção eficiente na transmissão parasitária, mas o projeto falhou em criar uma mentalidade consciente nos habitantes da zona rural relacionada a profilaxia, bem como em estabelecer um programa permanente de controle desta parasitose no município

Avaliação Citogenotóxica de Solos Agrícolas em Bioensaio com Allium Cepa / Citogenotóxic Evaluation of Agricultural Soils of dry Restoration City - Rs in Bioensaia With Allium Cepa

A utilização de produtos químicos denominados de agrotóxicos tem causado uma quantidade considerável de problemas referente a poluição do ambiente, contaminando solos, fontes de água, alimentos entre outros. Visto que há varias problemáticas do uso destas substâncias em larga escala, a averiguação de sua toxicidade em diferentes ambientes é necessária e uma vez que pode afetar diferentes organismos do ambiente. O presente trabalho busca avaliar a citogenotoxidade por meio do Índice Mitótico (IM), Porcentagem de Células Anormais (PCA), Porcentagem de Células em Interfase (PCI) e comprimento da raiz de Allium cepa obtido de solução de solo agrícolas em diferentes tratamentos, coletados na região de Restinga Seca – RS. Os resultados mostraram que nos tratamentos solo 2 e solo 1, apresentaram um maior IM, solo 1 foi o que exibiu maior porcentagem de células anormais comparado com o controle negativo e positivo. De acordo com os resultados obtidos neste trabalho pode-se confirmar por meio do teste com o Allium cepa, que o solo 2 apresentou maior índice de células em interfase e anormais, isso podendo ter sido causado por contaminação de produtos agrícolas tóxicos. Porém mais pesquisas devem ser realizadas uma vez que este trabalho ainda é um estudo preliminar

Clinical, epidemiological and laboratory characteristics of cases of Covid-19-related maternal near miss and death at referral units in northeastern Brazil: a cohort study

Objective: Covid-19 poses a major risk during pregnancy and postpartum, resulting in an increase in maternal mortality worldwide, including in Brazil; however, little research has been conducted into cases of a near miss. This study aimed to describe the frequency of COVID-19-related near miss and deaths during pregnancy or in the postpartum in referral centers in northeastern Brazil, as well as the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory characteristics of the women who experienced a severe maternal outcome. Methods: A retrospective and prospective cohort study was performed between April 2020 and June 2021 with hospitalized pregnant and postpartum women with a diagnosis of COVID-19 confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data from five tertiary hospitals in northeastern Brazil were evaluated. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info, version 7.2.5.0. Results: A total of 463 patients were included. Of these, 64 (14% of the sample) had a severe maternal outcome, with 42 cases of near miss (9%) and 22 maternal deaths (5%). Patients who had a severe maternal outcome were predominantly young (median age 30 years) and 65.6% were black or brown-skinned. The women had between 6 and 16 years of schooling; 45.3% had a stable partner; 81.3% were pregnant at the time of admission to the study; and 76.6% required a Cesarean section. The great majority (82.8%) had severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Other complications included hypertensive syndromes (40.6%), pneumonia (37.5%), urinary tract infections (29.7%), acute renal failure (25.0%) and postpartum hemorrhage (21.9%). Sepsis developed in 18.8% of cases, neurological dysfunction in 15.6%, and hepatic dysfunction and septic shock in 14.1% of cases each. The relative frequency of admission to an intensive care unit was 87.5%, while 67.2% of the patients required assisted mechanical ventilation, and 54.7% required noninvasive ventilation. Antibiotics were prescribed in 93.8% of cases and corticosteroids in 71.9%, while blood transfusion was required in 25.0% of cases and renal replacement therapy in 15.6%. Therapeutic anticoagulants were administered to 12.5% of the patients. Of the patients who had a severe maternal outcome, the frequency of respiratory dysfunction was 93.8%, with 50.0% developing neurological dysfunction and 37.5% cardiovascular dysfunction. Hematological dysfunction was found in 29.7%, renal dysfunction in 18.8%, and uterine dysfunction in 14.1%. Hepatic dysfunction occurred in 7.8% of the sample. The near-miss ratio for Covid-19 was 1.6/1000 live births and the maternal mortality ratio for Covid-19 was 84.8/100,000 live births, with a mortality index of 34.4% in the sample. Conclusion: This study revealed a low Covid-19-related maternal near miss (MNM) ratio of 1.6/1000 live births and a high Covid-19-related maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of 84.81/100,000 live births. The mortality index was also high. Most of the patients were admitted while pregnant, were young, married and black or brown-skinned, and none had completed university education. The majority had SARS and required admission to an intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation. Most were submitted to a Cesarean section.</p