Arvosteluja–Reviews

Näyttelyarvostelu: Religiões da Lusitânia. Loquuntur saxa.—’Lusitanian uskonnot. Kivet puhuvat.’Filppula, Markku, Juhani Klemola & Heli Paulasto [née Pitkänen]: English and Celtic in Contact. London & New York: Routledge 2008.Roisin McLaughlin: Early Irish Satire. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 2008.Robin Chapman Stacey: Dark Speech. The Performance of Law in Early Ireland. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press 2007.Petri Mirala: Freemasonry in Ulster, 1733-1813. Dublin: Four Courts Press 2007.Patrick M. Geoghegan: King Dan. The Rise of Daniel O’Connell, 1775-1829. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan 2008

Märkäkuumennus tärkkelyksen entsymaattisen hajoamisen tehostajana II. Kotimaisista minkkien viljarehuista

Tutkimuksessa selviteltiin neljän suomalaisen rehutehtaan minkkien viljarehujen kypsyysastetta. Neljästä rehusta esitetään lisäksi sulavuustuloksia. Arvosteluperustana oli amyloglukosidaasimenetelmä, mutta myös kongopunavärjäystä ja polarisaatiota kokeiltiin. Tutkimuksessa todettiin seuraavaa: Yhden tehtaan (C) tutkitut kaksi rehuerää olivat erittäin hyvin kypsytettyjä, ts. 95—97 % tärkkelyksestä oli helposti fermentoituvaa. Vain nämä rehut olivat hiutaleina. Toisen tehtaan (A) yksi rehu, josta tutkittiin kolme eri näytettä, oli tuoreena jokseenkin edellisen veroista (92—95 %). Saman tehtaan kaksi muuta rehua olivat tutkituista näyte-eristä heikoimpia (n. 38 %). Kahden muun tehtaan (B ja D) rehut olivat tältä väliltä. Tehtaan C rehujen fermentoitumisherkkyys ei varastoitaessa alentunut ja tehtaan A parhaalla rehulla se aleni vain melko vähän (n. 80 %:iin). Kaikki muut rehut sen sijaan tässä mielessä »vanhenivat» ja yleensä sitä enemmän, mitä heikompi kypsytys alunperin oli ollut. Huhmarointi tai jauhatus analyysimyllyllä paransi tärkkelyksen fermentoitumisherkkyyttä heikostikin kypsytetyssä rehussa enemmän kuin raa’assa jauhossa. Eri tehtaiden rehuissa todetut erot ilmeisesti johtuivat joko kypsytysprosessin tai jauhatuksen eroavuuksista, tai molemmista. Entsyymikokeella saatiin kvantitatiivisia tuloksia, kongovärjäyksellä ja polarisaatiolla vain summittaisia arviointeja. Keskenään eri menetelmien tulokset olivat kutakuinkin yhtäpitäviä. Neljästä rehusta tehdyt sulavuuskokeet osoittivat, että tärkkelyksen sulavuus vasta kypsytetyissä rehuissa oli 97—98.6 %. Orgaanisen aineen sulavuus oli vastaavasti 77.5—83.1 %. Huonoimmin kypsytetyt rehut edustivat alempia lukuja, mutta kaikkien sulavuus voidaan katsoa hyväksi

On the nature and incidence of goitre in Finnish dairy calf population

In 1968, thyroid glands were obtained from young dairy animals born and raised in the areas of various Agricultural Societies of Finland. Breed, sex and carcass weight were recorded for each case. The thyroids were weighed and preparations made for the histological examination. The relative proportions of epithelium (E %), colloid (C %) and stroma (S %), and the height of the epithelial cells (Eμ), were estimated with histometric methods, and the absolute amount of epithelial tissue in grams per gland (Eg) was calculated. The relative size of the follicles (FN) was also determined. The glands were classified, on the basis of prevailing histological characteristics, into activity groups indicated by numbers from 1 (low) to 6 (high). The glands in groups 5 and 6 were considered histologically as abnormal. The data included both Ayrshires (375 ♂ and 239 ♀) and Finncattle (276 ♂ and 234 ♀), and was characterized by the following mean and range values: carcass weight 66.6 kg (7—214), thyroid weight 12.95 g (2.1—130.0), E % 26.1 (14.4—88.2), C % 70.2 (4.1—85.1), S % 3.7 (0.9—14.6), Eμ 5.0 (2.2—22.5), Eg 3.77 (0.44—98.15), FN 21.9 (9.0—84.7), histological activity 3.0 (1—6). Data obtained from the Ayrshire herd of the Viik Experimental Farm was used as a control material for this study. The correlation study revealed that breed and sex had very little effect on the various thyroid characteristics. Carcass weight, on the other hand, correlated significantly with all other thyroid characteristics except the E %. In order to evaluate the geographic distribution of goitre the data was divided into 15 groups according to the Agricultural Society in whose area the animals were born and raised. Effect of carcass weight on the weight, Eg, and histological activity of the thyroid was first eliminated (e.g. by calculating the deviations from the respective control values) before the 15 groups were comparable with each other. Investigations revealed that the thyroid weight, Eg, and E % were raised and the percentage of histologically abnormal glands was high in the Agricultural Societies of the District of Nyland & Nyland’s Swedish, the District of Tavastland, East-Tavastland, the District of Mikkeli, and North-Karelia. On the other hand, hardly any or no signs of goitre were found in the Agricultural Societies of Satakunta, Tavastland-Satakunta, and Kuopio. Attention was also paid to the consumption of iodized mineral salt mixtures by cattle in the various Agricultural Societies. The extent of variation found in the consumption rate was not, however, large enough to explain satisfactorily the differences in the goitre incidence. Since the mean consumption rate in whole Finland in 1967 was only 1/3 of that of the control herd, it is concluded that the amounts of supplemental iodine in the cattle rations should be considerably increased

Immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery : A 13-year real-life report of 56 700 cataract operations

Background/aims: To assess the frequency of immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) and endophthalmitis during 13-year period in Tays Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. Methods: All cataract surgeries performed between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2020, and all endophthalmitis cases during the same period were searched from electronic patient records. Numbers and frequencies of ISBCS, and complications, including endophthalmitis and vitreous loss, were recorded and compared with unilateral operations. Results: The study included 56 700 cataract surgeries in 34 797 patients of whom 39% (n=13 445) had ISBCS. The median age of the patients was 75 (IQR 68-80, range 0.08-99) years at the time of surgery. The proportion of ISBCS patients increased from 4.2% in 2008 to 46% in 2020. Vitreous loss occurred in 480 (0.9%) of cataract surgeries. There were no postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery (n=0) during the 13-year period. Conclusion: The proportion of patients undergoing ISBCS increased from 4.2% in 2008 to 46% in 2020. No endophthalmitis were found to be associated with ISBCS.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Improvement in cognitive and psychosocial functioning and self image among adolescent inpatient suicide attempters

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric treatment of suicidal youths is often difficult and non-compliance in treatment is a significant problem. This prospective study compared characteristics and changes in cognitive functioning, self image and psychosocial functioning among 13 to 18 year-old adolescent psychiatric inpatients with suicide attempts (n = 16) and with no suicidality (n = 39) METHODS: The two-group pre-post test prospective study design included assessments by a psychiatrist, a psychologist and medical staff members as well as self-rated measures. DSM-III-R diagnoses were assigned using the SCID and thereafter transformed to DSM-IV diagnoses. Staff members assessed psychosocial functioning using the Global Assessment Scale (GAS). Cognitive performance was assessed using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, while the Offer Self-Image Questionnaire (OSIQ) was used to assess the subjects' self-image. ANCOVA with repeated measures was used to test changes from entry to discharge among the suicide attempters and non suicidal patients. Logistic regression modeling was used to assess variables associated with an improvement of 10 points or more in the GAS score. RESULTS: Among suicide attempter patients, psychosocial functioning, cognitive performance and both the psychological self and body-image improved during treatment and their treatment compliance and outcome were as good as that of the non-suicidal patients. Suicidal ideation and hopelessness declined, and psychosocial functioning improved. Changes in verbal cognitive performance were more pronounced among the suicide attempters. Having an improved body-image associated with a higher probability of improvement in psychosocial functioning while higher GAS score at entry was associated with lower probability of functional improvement in both patient groups. CONCLUSION: These findings illustrate that a multimodal treatment program seems to improve psychosocial functioning and self-image among severely disordered suicidal adolescent inpatients. There were no changes in familial relationships, possibly indicating a need for more intensive family interventions when treating suicidal youths. Multimodal inpatient treatment including an individual therapeutic relationship seems recommendable for severely impaired psychiatric inpatients tailored to the suicidal adolescent's needs