Spontaneous formation of optically induced surface relief gratings

A model based on Fick's law of diffusion as a phenomenological description of the molecular motion, and on the coupled mode theory, is developped to describe single-beam surface relief grating formation in azopolymers thin films. It allows to explain the mechanism of spontaneous patterning, and self-organization. It allows also to compute the surface relief profile and its evolution in time with good agreement with experiments

Testing the diffusion hypothesis as a mechanism of self-healing in Disperse orange 11 doped in PMMA

In this work, we show that reversible photodegradation of Disperse Orange 11 doped in PMMA is not due to dye diffusion - a common phenomenon observed in many dye-doped polymers. The change in linear absorbance due to photodegradation of the material shows an isobestic point, which is consistent with the formation of a quasi-stable damaged species. Spatially-resolved amplified spontaneous emission and fluorescence, both related to the population density, are measured by scanning the pump beam over a burn mark. A numerical model of the time evolution of the population density due to diffusion is inconsistent with the experimental data suggesting that diffusion is not responsible.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

Peran Sosialisasi Perpajakan dalam Memoderasi Determinan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Progresif Kendaraan Bermotor pada Kantor SAMSAT Wilayah I Makassar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan wajib pajak dalam membayar pajak progresif kendaraan bermotor dan sosialisasi perpajakan sebagai variabel moderasi dalam studi kasus pada Kantor Samsat Wilayah I Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan asosiatif kausal. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik probability sampling atau random sampling yakni pengambilan data secara acak, terdapat 101 responden dalam penelitian ini. Untuk mengetahui dampak dari masing-masing variabel, penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi moderasi dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel pemahaman wajib pajak, tarif pajak, kualitas pelayanan, dan sanksi pajak berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak progresif. Adapun variabel sosialisasi perpajakan hanya dapat memoderasi pengaruh antara variabel pemahaman wajib pajak dan tarif pajak, sedangkan pada pengaruh kualitas pelayanan dan sanksi pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak progresif belum dapat dimoderasi oleh sosialisasi perpajakan

Cellular Senescence in Aging Lungs and Diseases

Cellular senescence represents a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest occurring naturally or in response to exogenous stressors. Following the initial arrest, progressive phenotypic changes define conditions of cellular senescence. Understanding molecular mechanisms that drive senescence can help to recognize the importance of such pathways in lung health and disease. There is increasing interest in the role of cellular senescence in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in the context of understanding pathophysiology and identification of novel therapies. Herein, we discuss the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms and mitochondrial dysfunction regulating different aspects of cellular senescence-related to chronic lung diseases to develop rational strategies for modulating the senescent cell phenotype in the lung for therapeutic benefit

Induksi Rimpang Mikro Kaempferia parviflora secara In Vitro dengan Penambahan BAP dan Sukrosa

ABSTRACTKaempferia  parviflora  is a medicinal plant  that contains  secondary metabolites  and  effective in alleviating some  diseases.  Rapid multiplication of K.  parviflora  through  its rhizome is hampered by the long period needed to produce the rhizome. The objectives of this research were to obtain the best sucrose  concentration  and  to  determine  the  best  BAP  concentration  in the in vitro  microrhizome induction of  K.  parviflora.  The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications.  The first factor was BAP concentration, consisted of three levels i.e. 0, 2, and 4 mg L1. The second factor was sucrose concentration, consisted of four levels  i.e.  0,  30,  60,  and  90  g  L1.  Data  obtained  were  analyzed by  F-test,  followed  by  DMRT (Duncan  Multiple Range Test) at 5% significant level.  Sucrose  concentration  significantly affected the  number of shoots  and plantlets  fresh  weight.  The results showed that  K.  parviflora  could form micro  rhizome  in  vitro,  as  indicated  by  similar  anatomical  structure compared  to  the  rhizome produced in vivo. K. parviflora cultured in MS medium containing 90 g L1sucrose without BAP had the highest number of micro rhizome at 8 weeks after culture.Keywords: health, black galingale, traditional medicine ABSTRAKKaempferia  parviflora  merupakan  tanaman  obat  yang  mengandung metabolit  sekunder  dan berkhasiat  untuk  mengobati  berbagai  macam penyakit.  Perbanyakan  K.  parviflora  menggunakan rimpang terkendala oleh lamanya waktu untuk memproduksi rimpang di lapang, yaitu mencapai 8 bulan setelah  tanam.  Tujuan  penelitian  ini  ialah  memperoleh  konsentrasi sukrosa terbaik  dan konsentrasi  BAP  terbaik  dalam  induksi  rimpang  mikro  K. parviflora.  Percobaan  ini  disusun berdasarkan  rancangan  kelompok  lengkap teracak  dengan  dua  faktor  dan  tiga  ulangan.  Faktor pertama  adalah konsentrasi  BAP  dengan  3  taraf,  yaitu  0,  2,  dan  4  mg  L1.  Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi  sukrosa  dengan  4  taraf,  yaitu  0,  30,  60,  dan  90  g L1.  Data  yang  diperoleh  dianalisis menggunakan  uji  F  dan  apabila berpengaruh  nyata,  maka  dilanjutkan  dengan  uji  lanjut  DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) pada taraf α= 5 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa K. parviflora dapat membentuk rimpang mikro  in vitro. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan oleh struktur anatomi rimpang mikro  yang  serupa  dengan rimpang  in  vivo.  K. parviflora  yang  dikulturkan  pada  media  MS yang mengandung 90 g L1sukrosa tanpa BAP memiliki jumlah rimpang mikro tertinggi pada 8 MSP.Kata kunci: kesehatan, kencur hitam, obat tradisiona

Asthmatic lung fibroblasts promote type 2 immune responses via endoplasmic reticulum stress response dependent thymic stromal lymphopoietin secretion

Lung fibroblasts contribute to asthma pathology partly through modulation of the immune environment in the airway. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) expression is upregulated in asthmatic lungs. How asthmatic lung fibroblasts respond to TNFα stimulation and subsequently regulate immune responses is not well understood. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein responses (UPR) play important roles in asthma, but their functional roles are still under investigation. In this study, we investigated TNFα-induced cytokine production in primary lung fibroblasts from asthmatic vs. non-asthmatic human subjects, and downstream effects on type 2 immune responses. TNFα significantly upregulated IL-6, IL-8, C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) mRNA expression and protein secretion by lung fibroblasts. Asthmatic lung fibroblasts secreted higher levels of TSLP which promoted IL-33-induced IL-5 and IL-13 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. TNFα exposure enhanced expression of ER stress/UPR pathways in both asthmatic and non-asthmatic lung fibroblasts, especially inositol-requiring protein 1α in asthmatics. ER stress/UPR inhibitors decreased IL-6, CCL5, and TSLP protein secretion by asthmatic lung fibroblasts. Our data suggest that TNFα and lung fibroblasts form an important axis in asthmatic lungs to promote asthmatic inflammation that can be attenuated by inhibiting ER stress/UPR pathway.</p