Study of Prompt Photon Production in Hadronic Z0 Decays

From a sample of 1.5 million Z0→qq decays collected by the DELPHI detector during 1991, 1992 and 1993, the production cross section for isolated final state photons is measured and is compared with the O(α, αs) matrix element calculations implemented in the EEPRAD and GNJETS Monte Carlo generators. The observed photon yield is used to derive the electroweak couplings of charge 2/3 (u-type) and charge 1/3 (d-type) quarks to the Z0 boson. The measured values c2/3=0.91-0.36 +0.25 and c1/3=1.62-0.17 +0.24 are compatible with the Standard Model prediction, c2/3=1.145 and c1/3=1.477. © 1996 Springer-Verlag.0SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Réflexions pour une reforme et un développement de l'anthropologie en France

Bensa Alban, Jamard Jen-Luc, Lefebure Claude, Lemonnier Pierre, Lory Jen-Luc, Meillassoux Claude, Panoff Michel. Réflexions pour une reforme et un développement de l'anthropologie en France . In: Bulletin de l'Association française des anthropologues, n°7, Mars 1982. pp. 31-43

Transcriptome-wide deregulation of gene expression by artificial light at night in tadpoles of common toads

International audienceArtificial light at night (ALAN) affects numerous physiological and behavioural mechanisms in various species by po- tentially disturbing circadian timekeeping systems and modifying melatonin levels. However, given the multiple direct and indirect effects of ALAN on organisms, large-scale transcriptomic approaches are essential to assess the global ef- fect of ALAN on biological processes. Moreover, although studies have focused mainly on variations in gene expression during the night in the presence of ALAN, it is necessary to investigate the effect of ALAN on gene expression during the day. In this study, we combined de novo transcriptome sequencing and assembly, and a controlled laboratory experi- ment to evaluate the transcriptome-wide gene expression response using high-throughput (RNA-seq) in Bufo bufo tad- poles exposed to ecologically relevant light levels. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that ALAN affected gene expression at night (3.5% and 11% of differentially expressed genes when exposed to 0.1 and 5 lx compared to con- trols, respectively), but also during the day (11.2% of differentially expressed genes when exposed to 5 lx compared to controls) with a dose-dependent effect. ALAN globally induced a downregulation of genes (during the night, 58% and 62% of the genes were downregulated when exposed to 0.1 and 5 lx compared to controls, respectively, and dur- ing the day, 61.2% of the genes were downregulated when exposed to 5 lx compared to controls). ALAN effects were detected at very low levels of illuminance (0.1 lx) and affected mainly genes related to the innate immune system and, to a lesser extend to lipid metabolism. These results provide new insights into understanding the effects of ALAN on organism. ALAN impacted the expression of genes linked to a broad range of physiological pathways at very low levels of ALAN during night-time and during daytime, potentially resulting in reduced immune capacity under environmen- tal immune challenges

Women and health professionals’ perspectives on a conditional cash transfer programme to improve pregnancy follow-up: a qualitative analysis of the NAITRE randomised controlled study

Objectives Women of low socioeconomic status have been described as having suboptimal prenatal care, which in turn has been associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Many types of conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes have been developed, including programmes to improve prenatal care or smoking cessation during pregnancy, and their effects demonstrated. However, ethical critiques have included paternalism and lack of informed choice. Our objective was to determine if women and healthcare professionals (HPs) shared these concerns.Design Prospective qualitative research.Setting We included economically disadvantaged women, as defined by health insurance data, who participated in the French NAITRE randomised trial assessing a CCT programme during prenatal follow-up to improve pregnancy outcomes. The HP worked in some maternities participating in this trial.Participants 26 women, 14 who received CCT and 12 who did not, mostly unemployed (20/26), and - 7 HPs.Interventions We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional qualitative study among women and HPs who participated in the NAITRE Study to assess their views on CCT. The women were interviewed after childbirth.Results Women did not perceive CCT negatively. They did not mention feeling stigmatised. They described CCT as a significant source of aid for women with limited financial resources. HP described the CCT in less positive terms, for example, expressing concern about discussing cash transfer at their first medical consultation with women. Though they emphasised ethical concerns about the basis of the trial, they recognised the importance of evaluating CCT.Conclusions In France, a high-income country where prenatal follow-up is free, HPs were concerned that the CCT programme would change their relationship with patients and wondered if it was the best use of funding. However, women who received a cash incentive said they did not feel stigmatised and indicated that these payments helped them prepare for their baby’s birth.Trial registration number NCT0240285