1,781 research outputs found
Journalism in the Academy, a MacIntyean account of the institutions and practices of journalism education in England
This paper to considers some of the systematic problems and constraints faced
by academics teaching and researching in the field of journalism and journalism
studies. To do this, I draw on MacIntyreâs philosophical concept of practice,
applying it to the practice of journalism and the practice of academia, which
I argue here have many commonalities. This conceptualisation of the practical
activities of journalists and academics also takes account of their factual
dependence on institutions. MacIntyre argues that although institutions should be
considered to be necessary, in bureaucratic capitalist social systems they tend to
pursue external goods at the cost of the goods internal to the practice. Practices
thus become corrupted as institutions orient them to the pursuit of external goods.
I argue that both journalists and academics are subject to similar processes of
institutional domination, or colonisation, and that because of this, the capacity
study, teach, and then practice a critical journalism adequate to a properly
democratic community is stymied. The most significant problem on this analysis
is that processes of colonisation are not discrete, they are systematic, extensive
and commonly experienced. Consequently it is inadequate to consider discrete
forms of resistance to these problems and constraints. Instead, I argue, we must
consider common and collective forms of resistance
Class, nationalism and news: The BBCâs reporting of Hugo Chavez and the Bolivarian revolution
This article analyses BBC News Onlineâs reporting of the Bolivarian revolution in Venezuela, using a sample from a broader selection of 304 articles published on BBC News Online between 1998 and 2008. Against the BBCâs stated commitment to professional values, we find that the BBCâs organizational culture is underpinned by a liberal nationalist worldview, which limits its interpretive capacities. The analysis notes that the liberal nationalism underpinning BBC News Onlineâs reporting limits the interpretive capacities of journalists. The ideologically dominant national history of Venezuela (the exceptionalism thesis) forms an interpretive framework, which synchs with the BBCâs general conceptualization of the forms and function of a nation state and thus prevents adequate understanding of the present. Consequently, the coverage of contemporary Venezuelan politics masks the underlying class conflict, instead identifying Chavez, who has emerged seemingly from nowhere, as the key agent of political crisis. The BBCâs reliance on a narrative of the disruption of national unity allows it to take sides in the conflict whilst apparently remaining neutral
Framing the cuts: an analysis of the BBCâs discursive framing of the ConDem cuts agenda
This study analyses the discursive framing of the British governmentâs economic policies
by BBC News Online. Specifically, it focuses on the coverage of the governmentâs
Comprehensive Spending Review in 2010, in which the details of the Chancellor of the
Exchequerâs broader âausterityâ agenda were released. Using frame analysis informed
by critical theory, we analyse three online BBC features and compare their framing of
the economic crisis â and the range of possible policy responses to it â with that of the
governmentâs.
In addition, we analyse editorial blogs and training materials associated with the
BBCâs special âSpending Review seasonâ; we also situate the analysis in the historical
context of the BBCâs relationship with previous governments at moments of political
and economic crisis.
Contrary to dominant ideas that the BBC is biased to the left, our findings suggest that
its economic journalism discursively normalises neoliberal economics, not necessarily as
desirable, but certainly as inevitable
Periodismo en el mundo acadĂ©mico, una perspectiva Macintyriana de las instituciones y las prĂĄcticas en la formaciĂłn periodĂstica en Inglaterra
Este artĂculo considera algunos de los problemas y las limitaciones sistemĂĄticas a las
que se enfrentan los académicos que enseñan e investigan en el årea del periodismo
y de los estudios de comunicaciĂłn. Para ello, me baso en el concepto filosĂłfico de
MacIntyre de prĂĄctica, y lo aplico a la prĂĄctica en el periodismo y en la academia,
donde argumento que hay similitudes. Esta forma de conceptualizar las actividades
pråcticas de los periodistas y los académicos también tiene en cuenta su dependencia
de las instituciones. MacIntyre argumenta que, aunque las instituciones son necesarias,
en los sistemas sociales capitalistas burocrĂĄticos tienden a perseguir bienes externos al coste de los bienes internos a una prĂĄctica. AsĂ, las prĂĄcticas se corrompen en
la medida que las instituciones las orientan hacia los bienes externos a las mismas.
Defiendo que tanto los periodistas como los académicos estån sujetos a procesos
similares de dominaciĂłn o colonizaciĂłn y que, por estos motivos, la capacidad de
estudiar, enseñar y despuĂ©s, practicar un periodismo crĂtico adecuado a una comunidad
verdaderamente democrĂĄtica queda en entredicho. El problema mĂĄs significativo de
este anĂĄlisis es que los procesos de colonizaciĂłn no tienen lĂmites concretos, son
sistemĂĄticos, amplios y vividos como una experiencia comĂșn. Consecuentemente, no
resulta apropiado considerar formas de resistencia especĂficamente delimitadas ante
estos problemas. En cambio, argumento que debemos considerar formas comunes y
colectivas de resistencia.This paper to considers some of the systematic problems and constraints faced
by academics teaching and researching in the field of journalism and journalism
studies. To do this, I draw on MacIntyreâs philosophical concept of practice,
applying it to the practice of journalism and the practice of academia, which
I argue here have many commonalities. This conceptualisation of the practical
activities of journalists and academics also takes account of their factual
dependence on institutions. MacIntyre argues that although institutions should be
considered to be necessary, in bureaucratic capitalist social systems they tend to
pursue external goods at the cost of the goods internal to the practice. Practices
thus become corrupted as institutions orient them to the pursuit of external goods.
I argue that both journalists and academics are subject to similar processes of
institutional domination, or colonisation, and that because of this, the capacity
study, teach, and then practice a critical journalism adequate to a properly
democratic community is stymied. The most significant problem on this analysis
is that processes of colonisation are not discrete, they are systematic, extensive
and commonly experienced. Consequently it is inadequate to consider discrete
forms of resistance to these problems and constraints. Instead, I argue, we must
consider common and collective forms of resistance
Online Doctoral Student Research and Writing Self-Efficacy in a Publishing Internship
The present project purposed to develop a publishing internship program and evaluate its effect on doctoral student participants. A key assumption was that direct experience with the publishing process as a doctoral student would help build some of the necessary skills and self-efficacy to be successful as authors/scholars in the future. Because there has not been previous research in this area, the present study addresses this gap. Two different assessments, a writing knowledge and self-efficacy inventory and a research self-efficacy inventory, were used in a preâposttest design to evaluate the impact of participation in the 6-month internship program on 22 online doctoral students. A texting app was used to build a community of practice to provide social support. Writing self-efficacy and research self-efficacy improved significantly over the 6-month internship. Students judged the internship favorably and found the texting group to offer social support and information. Programs such as the current journal internship may offer the opportunity for students to gain valuable professional experience and learn the logistics of journal publishing, thus potentially allowing for better dissemination of doctoral research. This article contributes a mechanism for increasing studentsâ understanding of the publication process, as well as improving research and writing self-efficacy. Future research may wish to explore the impact of technology and texting groups on student research self-efficacy and feelings of social support
Conflicting forms of use: the potential of and limits to the use of the internet as a public sphere
This thesis examines the potential of and limits to the use of the Internet as a public sphere. To this end it considers the claim that the Internet is or can be a public sphere. To do this there are two related spheres of enquiry: the `public sphere' and `the Internet'.
The enquiry into the concept of the public sphere is based on an engagement with the work of JĂŒrgen Habermas. The concern of this thesis is to draw on the wider corpus of Habermas's work to develop a model of the public sphere that takes account of his thesis of `colonisation'. Because the process of colonisation results in systemically distorted communication the liberal model of the public sphere is replaced with a model of a `radical' public sphere. These two concepts, the radical public sphere and colonisation then form the basis for the investigation into the potential of the Internet.
The Internet, like other technologies, cannot, however, be considered in abstraction of its use. Therefore, a theory of `forms of use' is developed, through which the potential of and limits to media can be analysed. This term considers technologies to be socially constructed, and this social construction tends to meet the needs of dominant material forces in society; that is, technologies are not neutral or autonomous but neither are they necessarily completely controllable. A technology is rarely onedimensional, for the basic technology may contain a variety of potential uses. Different case studies are presented in order to show how these different forms of use of the Internet can be supported. However, we can understand that certain `systemic' colonising forms of use of the Internet threaten the functioning of other, radical forms of use. This colonisation requires juridification' through political, legal, socio-cultural and economic frameworks for production, exchange and consumption The limits to the use of the Internet as a public sphere are not, however, inherent features of the technology itself, but pertain to its use under a system in which certain social practices and institutions have priority over others. Under these conditions, the use of the Internet as a radical public sphere takes place as a continual struggle against dominant forms of us
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 expression by diallyl sulfide on joint inflammation induced by urate crystal and IL-1ÎČ
SummaryObjectiveInvestigation of the effects of diallyl sulfide (DAS), a garlic sulfur compound, on joint tissue inflammatory responses induced by monosodium urate (MSU) crystals and interleukin-1ÎČ (IL-1ÎČ).DesignThe HIG-82 synovial cell line was used to establish the experimental model and DAS regime. Primary cultures of articular chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts obtained from patients undergoing joint replacement for osteoarthritis were used in experimental studies. Cyclooxygenase (COX) expression following MSU crystal and IL-1ÎČ stimulation with/without DAS co-incubation was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting, and immunocytochemistry and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ÎșB) activation determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). DAS effects on COX gene expression in an MSU crystal-induced acute arthritis in rats were assessed by RT-PCR.ResultsMSU crystals upregulated COX-2 expression in HIG-82 cells and this was inhibited by co-incubation with DAS. DAS inhibited MSU crystal and IL-1ÎČ induced elevation of COX-2 expression in primary synovial cells and chondrocytes. Production of PGE2 induced by crystals was suppressed by DAS and celecoxib. MSU crystals had no effect on expression of COX-1 in synovial cells. NF-ÎșB was activated by MSU crystals and this was blocked by DAS. Increased expression of COX-2 in synovium following intraarticular injection of MSU crystals in a rat model was inhibited by co-administration of DAS.ConclusionsDAS prevents IL-1ÎČ and MSU crystal induced COX-2 upregulation in synovial cells and chondrocytes and ameliorates crystal induced synovitis potentially through a mechanism involving NF-ÎșB. Anti-inflammatory actions of DAS may be of value in treatment of joint inflammation
The development and use of novel iridium complexes as catalysts for ortho-directed hydrogen isotope exchange reactions
The preparation and application of groups of new iridium complexes are described. In particular, iridium complexes possessing phosphine ligands and a bulky N-heterocyclic carbene have been shown to be robust and readily handled species and have been applied in a range of directed hydrogen-deuterium and -tritium exchange processes and, in particular, with drug-like substrates or within ADMET-related studies. Overall, these new iridium(I) complexes are shown to be highly active catalysts and display catalytic activity far in excess of the industry standard, Crabtree's catalyst, with excellent levels of labelling being achieved over short reaction times and at low metal complex loadings, whilst tolerating a wide range of functional moieties. Furthermore and again in contrast to systems employing Crabtree's catalyst, the low catalyst loadings and short reaction times made possible by these emerging iridium carbene comple have delivered tritiated products with very good levels of labelling and without any appreciable by-product waste production
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