Degrees of Freedom and Achievable Rate of Wide-Band Multi-cell Multiple Access Channels With No CSIT

This paper considers a $K$-cell multiple access channel with inter-symbol interference. The primary finding of this paper is that, without instantaneous channel state information at the transmitters (CSIT), the sum degrees-of-freedom (DoF) of the considered channel is $\frac{\beta -1}{\beta}K$ with $\beta \geq 2$ when the number of users per cell is sufficiently large, where $\beta$ is the ratio of the maximum channel-impulse-response (CIR) length of desired links to that of interfering links in each cell. Our finding implies that even without instantaneous CSIT, \textit{interference-free DoF per cell} is achievable as $\beta$ approaches infinity with a sufficiently large number of users per cell. This achievability is shown by a blind interference management method that exploits the relativity in delay spreads between desired and interfering links. In this method, all inter-cell-interference signals are aligned to the same direction by using a discrete-Fourier-transform-based precoding with cyclic prefix that only depends on the number of CIR taps. Using this method, we also characterize the achievable sum rate of the considered channel, in a closed-form expression.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Communication

Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Secondary Market Ticket Price, Attendance Demand, And Fan’s Willingness to Pay: National Football League (NFL)

This study explores how coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected secondary market ticket prices, the number of attendees, and fans’ willingness to pay in the National Football League (NFL). The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the sport industry, affecting everything from the scheduling and delivery of games to the financial health of teams, leagues, and related businesses. One of the most visible impacts of the pandemic has been the suspension, delay, and cancellation of many sporting events, including entire seasons of some professional sport leagues. Sporting events require large gatherings of people in close proximity, which is precisely the opposite of what is needed to control the spread of the virus. The pandemic has also led to the closure of sports venues, training facilities, and other sports-related businesses, leading to significant financial losses. In addition to the postponement or cancellation of events, the pandemic has also affected how sporting events were disclosed to fans. Many events were held without fans in attendance or with limited-capacity crowds. Therefore, amid disease threats, examining the secondary ticket market, attendance demand, and willingness to pay is important: fan demand and willingness to pay concerning updated marketing and ticket pricing policies can influence revenue generation in sport. Two types of data observations were collected for this study: primary and secondary. Specifically, secondary market ticket prices and the number of attendees for each game were collected during NFL 2022 season to investigate the impact of COVID-19 health risks on ticket prices and attendance demand. Also, the survey was designed to understand NFL fans’ willingness to pay for tickets amid the pandemic. A multilevel regression model analysis was adopted due to the nested structure of the data, involving secondary data such as ticket prices and the number of attendees. Also, structural equation modeling analysis was utilized to investigate NFL fans’ willingness to pay. The results show that when secondary market sellers’ ticket prices significantly reflected COVID-19 deaths, NFL fans considered COVID-19 cases whether they attended a game or not. Also, team performance predictors are a significant consideration for price and attendance demand determinations. Although the risk attitude of COVID-19 directly explained fans’ willingness to pay (WTP) for additional safety in the stadium, willingness to pay for a ticket does not have a significant relationship with willingness to pay for higher safety measures. However, WTP was significantly related to past spending on NFL game tickets. Overall, this study found that COVID-19 health risks (i.e., COVID-19 cases and deaths) explain ticket prices in the secondary market and the number of attendees in the NFL. Also, the results uncovered fans’ willingness to pay for higher safety services amid the pandemic that is related to the COVID-19 surcharge

1983 Amendment to the Export Administration Regulations: The Status of Export Controls to the People\u27s Republic of China

This Comment will, first, briefly sketch the history of the United States export policies towards China. Second, it will analyze the current controls over exports to the PRC in light of the 1983 amendment to the export regulations. Third, it will discuss the historical impact of the new amendment on the Sino-American relationship. Lastly, it will conclude that the 1983 Amendment establishes an appropriate and prudent export policy towards the PRC at this time, although in order to accomplish the ultimate goal of significantly increasing exports to the PRC, the United States must take further measures

1983 Amendment to the Export Administration Regulations: The Status of Export Controls to the People\u27s Republic of China

This Comment will, first, briefly sketch the history of the United States export policies towards China. Second, it will analyze the current controls over exports to the PRC in light of the 1983 amendment to the export regulations. Third, it will discuss the historical impact of the new amendment on the Sino-American relationship. Lastly, it will conclude that the 1983 Amendment establishes an appropriate and prudent export policy towards the PRC at this time, although in order to accomplish the ultimate goal of significantly increasing exports to the PRC, the United States must take further measures

Technology Advantage and Trade: Home Market Effects Revisited

According to conventional home market effects, free trade tends to shrink the market share for the smaller economy in the differentiated manufacturing goods, and in the extreme, leads to a complete hollowing out of the industry. In departing from the original Helpman-Krugman modeling assumptions behind the home market effects, we introduce technology differences between trading partners and prove that the home market effects will be offset and will even reverse if the small economy has better technology than the other country. We also prove that even with identical country size, the intra-industry trade addressed in the existing literature may not occur; it will occur only if the technology differential lies within a certain range that is positively affected by the level of transport cost.Home market Effects, Country Size, Technology Differential

Association between tobacco and alcohol use among young adult bar patrons: a cross-sectional study in three cities

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An Analysis of the Discipleship Bible Study for the Korean Immigrant Church Growth

The purpose of this project is to analyze discipleship training Bible study programs developed or used by successful Korean churches and mission groups. The writer will introduce the best model of discipleship program currently practiced by Sarang Presbyterian Church. The discipleship methods will be evaluated, also biblical basis will be traced, and Jesus\u27 methods of discipleship training and the Korean church Bible study texts will be analyzed. Korean-American churches\u27 Bible study texts, which have been used in successful Korean churches, will be surveyed. The survey will test their methods, weaknesses, and strengths. This thesis will discover methods for successful Korean discipleship Bible studies based on questionnaires sent to pastors in Korean-American churches. The project offers practical advice regarding successful discipleship training methodologies educationally

State Complexity of Regular Tree Languages for Tree Matching

We study the state complexity of regular tree languages for tree matching problem. Given a tree t and a set of pattern trees L, we can decide whether or not there exists a subtree occurrence of trees in L from the tree t by considering the new language L′ which accepts all trees containing trees in L as subtrees. We consider the case when we are given a set of pattern trees as a regular tree language and investigate the state complexity. Based on the sequential and parallel tree concatenation, we define three types of tree languages for deciding the existence of different types of subtree occurrences. We also study the deterministic top-down state complexity of path-closed languages for the same problem.</jats:p