The Relationship of Reading Achievement and the Speech Problems of Four Children Attendng C.W.S.C. Speech Clinic

This study attempts to find a relationship between speech problems and reading difficulties. This was accomplished by giving reading achievement and reading diagnostic tests to the children at the C.W.S.C. speech and hearing clinic. The results of the reading tests were analyzed and, by the use of the speech records, related to their speech problems. This study attempted to find the relationship between speech problems and reading difficulties using four children, their speech records and their reading tests

Discharge Calls and Avoiding Hospital Readmissions

Hospital readmissions are disruptive and costly for patients and hospitals. As hospital discharge instructions are a key nursing responsibility, this project implemented a nurse follow-up phone call intervention within 12-48 hours of patient discharge from an indigent care facility in the Great Lakes region of the United States. The project was designed to understand whether follow-up phone calls from nurses that clarified discharge instructions, symptom management, and medications would be associated with decreased readmission rates within 30 days post-discharge among chronic care patients. The theoretical framework was the health belief model, which proposes that the patient\u27s knowledge of illness severity, susceptibility, and benefits of care predicts his/her health-related behaviors, including self-care. A comparison of the hospital readmission rate prior to 30 days of discharge in the baseline (pretest) group was 77.87%, and 22% in the Post-intervention group within the same facility. Chi-square results showed a significant association between the follow-up calls and decreased hospital 30-day readmission rates, X2(1)- =- 6.605, p- =- 0.010, This low-cost intervention can and should be replicated in other indigent care hospital facilities. Similar results may suggest a causal relationship that can later be explored in large scale research studies. This study may contribute to social change by demonstrating a practice that provides reduction in 30-day patient readmissions, which benefits patients\u27 and families\u27, economic and health outcomes

The lived experiences of four overweight Hispanic adolescent females

The purpose of this study was to understand the lived experiences of four overweight/obese Hispanic adolescents as individuals by utilizing Social Cognitive Theory\u27s (SCT) (Bandura, 1977, 1986, & 1989) reciprocal interaction of the environment, personal factors and behaviors of the participants in order to investigate the health risk behaviors of the participants as they related to overweight and obesity. Additionally, the commonalities and differences across participants were examined; Four female Hispanic adolescents whose BMI measured at the 99th percentiles for age and gender were randomly chosen from students enrolled in a junior high school physical education intervention class. Experiences of each participant were examined utilizing school cumulative records, a demographic questionnaire, participant observation in certain contexts, and a series of interviews, based on questions derived from SCT. Methodological triangulation and grounded theory were utilized in order to examine the research question. The accumulated data were presented in four separate case studies, which examined the life perspectives of each participant. A componential analysis was used to interpret the data; Results of the individual case studies showed that the school, home, and community environments were found to be influential to the health status of the four overweight participants, with the family appearing to be the primary source of influence. This study\u27s conclusions indicate that the schools, homes and communities of the participants did not encourage physical activity or diet control and health risk behaviors in this regard were reinforced and perpetuated by family and friends

Nutrition Field Experience with the Division of Indian Health, Oklahoma City Area

The topics for investigation were the organization and programs of the Division of Indian Health in the Oklahoma City Area and the role and responsibilities of a public health nutritionist. A field experience of eight weeks was designed for the student to observe and participate in the activities of the Division of Indian Health in the Oklahoma City Area and in the Talihina Service Unit. Data were collected through conferences, interviews, observations, visits, and readings. The Division of Indian Health in the Oklahoma City Area provides preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services to approximately 73,000 Indians living in the states of Oklahoma, Florida, North Carolina, Mississippi, and Kansas. There are more than 30 tribes with individual tribal characteristics residing in these states. The Indian population is young and has a median age of 20 years. The health status, median family income, and educational attainment is generally lower for the Indian than the non-Indian population. The Division of Indian Health, located in the Medical Services Branch of the Public Health Service, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare is the official agency concerned with the health of the Indian people. The Division staff is assigned to seven areas. Each area is organized to provide comprehensive health services including hospitalization, out-patient medical care, public health nursing, dental, nutrition, health education, pharmaceutical, medical social services, and environmental health services to the Indian beneficiary. The goal is to raise the health status of the Indian to the highest possible level. To facilitate the administration of health programs, the Oklahoma City Area, like other areas, is divided into service units that are the basic unit of operation. The-Nutrition and Dietetics program provides services in both prevention of illness and treatment of Indian patients. The nutritionist guides individuals and groups toward better health through improved nutrition and helps keep the staff up-to-date in nutrition. The dietitian is especially concerned with the diet of hospitalized patients and management of the dietary department. An effort is made to see that each patient leaving the hospital on a modified diet understands it, and that the diet is adapted to his eating habits, food preferences, and home food supply in so far as possible. The Oklahoma State Department of Health, local health departments, University of Oklahoma Medical Center, Crippled Children\u27s Services, Bureau of Indian Affairs, and Office of Economic Opportunity are other agencies that are concerned with the health and well being of the Indians and that provide services for them. The Indian is encouraged to utilize all the health and community resources that are provided him as a citizen-of the county, state, and nation

The shaping of decision-making in governance in the New Zealand Public Healthcare Services

The study explores what shapes decision-making in governance in the New Zealand public healthcare services. It contributes to the understanding of the impact of the beliefs, perceptions and roles of the decision-makers and the tensions in public healthcare services in New Zealand. The focus was on ascertaining the characteristics of the people as individuals and as members of groups, their skills, preparation and the experience required to make governance decisions in healthcare services in New Zealand. The research analysed data from interviews with individuals in senior positions in public healthcare services in New Zealand, focus groups made up from those individuals and observations of formal District Health Board (DHB) meetings. The context for the study is the New Zealand public healthcare services within the DHB model. This study focuses on the organisational and operational aspects of governance from the socio-anthropological viewpoint of Pierre Bourdieu. Bourdieu’s methodology was chosen as it highlights the interaction of power and the management of tension between individuals and groups in different, but abutting, fields of practice. Using Bourdieu’s methodology the researcher has placed healthcare services in an economy of political power where the capital individuals and groups bring to an environment is demonstrated through their power and influence within a particular field of practice. In this study the field of practice is governance in New Zealand public healthcare services. The method involved purposive sampling of participants from three DHBs. The participants included appointed and elected members, chairmen, chief executives and senior clinicians from medical and nursing cohorts. The participants identified 22 abstracts which determined the shape of their decision-making. Through analysis and reflection these 22 determinants were organised into groups reflecting the generic principles of governance identified in the literature. The study concludes that decision-making in governance is shaped by the concepts of professional maturity, quality and safety, power and tension and fiduciary duty within the context of structure and time. The scope of governance is connected across healthcare organisations by the tension of power manifested through the capital individuals and groups bring to the interaction or field of practice. The study also found that there are two aspects to decision-making in governance which allow transferability of the concepts of governance across healthcare service organisations. Firstly, governance is decision-making in good faith with independence of mind and with the appropriate skills, diligence and care on behalf of others. Secondly, the structures of governance operationalised in audit, laws, guidelines, codes and principles support the decision-making on behalf of others. Consequently, the rules of decision-making in governance in healthcare services are the same whether the decision is being made in a clinical or corporate environment. They are enacted differently because of the different contexts. The study brings together the determinants in their concept groups into a framework in the context of structure and time. Use of the framework will enable those with governance responsibilities to shape their governance decision-making from an informed and common base which recognises the tensions in the field of healthcare services governance

TXNL6 Is a Novel Oxidative Stress-Induced Reducing System for Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase A Repair of α-Crystallin and Cytochrome C in the Eye Lens

A key feature of many age-related diseases is the oxidative stress-induced accumulation of protein methionine sulfoxide (PMSO) which causes lost protein function and cell death. Proteins whose functions are lost upon PMSO formation can be repaired by the enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) which is a key regulator of longevity. One disease intimately associated with PMSO formation and loss of MsrA activity is age-related human cataract. PMSO levels increase in the eye lens upon aging and in age-related human cataract as much as 70% of total lens protein is converted to PMSO. MsrA is required for lens cell maintenance, defense against oxidative stress damage, mitochondrial function and prevention of lens cataract formation. Essential for MsrA action in the lens and other tissues is the availability of a reducing system sufficient to catalytically regenerate active MsrA. To date, the lens reducing system(s) required for MsrA activity has not been defined. Here, we provide evidence that a novel thioredoxin-like protein called thioredoxin-like 6 (TXNL6) can serve as a reducing system for MsrA repair of the essential lens chaperone α-crystallin/sHSP and mitochondrial cytochrome c. We also show that TXNL6 is induced at high levels in human lens epithelial cells exposed to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Collectively, these data suggest a critical role for TXNL6 in MsrA repair of essential lens proteins under oxidative stress conditions and that TXNL6 is important for MsrA defense protection against cataract. They also suggest that MsrA uses multiple reducing systems for its repair activity that may augment its function under different cellular conditions

The Association Between –Market Risk Disclosure Reporting And Firm Risk: The Impact Of SEC FRR No. 48

SEC FRR No. 48 requires that all firms report their market risk exposures using one or more of three alternative formats for disclosure: tabular format, sensitivity analysis, or Value at Risk (VaR). In this paper we examine how the method chosen affects a firm’s risk as measured by total risk, the cost of equity, and firm specific risk. We find that firms using VaR have higher total risk and firm specific risk than firms using sensitivity analysis. Conversely, firms employing tabular disclosure generally have lower but not statistically significant lower total risk, cost of equity, and firm specific risk than firms using sensitivity