33,771 research outputs found
TRANSPORTATION DEREGULATION AND INTERREGIONAL COMPETITION IN THE NORTHEASTERN FEED ECONOMY
The effects of rail deregulation on feed transportation in the Northeast are examined through construction of a spatial equilibrium model of the Northeastern feed industry. Short-run and long-run effects of deregulation are analyzed through incorporation of rail rate structures for 1981 and 1984, respectively, into model simulations and comparison with pre-deregulation base year results (1980). The results show that the Northeast feed economy has generally benefited from rail deregulation which has led to lower transportation costs, lower feed costs and an enhanced competitive position relative to the Southeastern U.S.Public Economics,
Phenomenology of the Baryon Resonance 70-plet at Large N_c
We examine the multiplet structure and decay channels of baryon resonances in
the large N_c QCD generalization of the N_c = 3 SU(6) spin-flavor 70. We show
that this ``70'', while a construct of large N_c quark models, actually
consists of five model-independent irreducible spin-flavor multiplets in the
large N_c limit. The preferred decay modes for these resonances fundamentally
depend upon which of the five multiplets to which the resonance belongs. For
example, there exists an SU(3) ``8'' of resonances that is eta-philic and
pi-phobic, and an ``8'' that is the reverse. Moreover, resonances with a strong
SU(3) ``1'' component prefer to decay via a K-bar rather than via a pi.
Remarkably, available data appears to bear out these conclusions.Comment: 26 pages, ReVTe
A fast algorithm for control and estimation using a polynomial state-space structure
One of the major problems associated with the control of flexible structures is the estimation of system states. Since the parameters of the structures are not constant under varying loads and conditions, conventional fixed parameter state estimators can not be used to effectively estimate the states of the system. One alternative is to use a state estimator which adapts to the condition of the system. One such estimator is the Kalman filter. This filter is a time varying recursive digital filter which is based upon a model of the system being measured. This filter adapts the model according to the output of the system. Previously, the Kalman filter has only been used in an off-line capacity due to the computational time required for implementation. With recent advances in computer technology, it is becoming a viable tool for use in the on-line environment. A distributed Kalman filter implementation is described for fast estimation of the state of a flexible arm. A key issue, is the sensor structure and initial work on a distributed sensor that could be used with the Kalman filter is presented
Computational tools for multi-linked flexible structures
A software module which designs and tests controllers and filters in Kalman Estimator form, based on a polynomial state-space model is discussed. The user-friendly program employs an interactive graphics approach to simplify the design process. A variety of input methods are provided to test the effectiveness of the estimator. Utilities are provided which address important issues in filter design such as graphical analysis, statistical analysis, and calculation time. The program also provides the user with the ability to save filter parameters, inputs, and outputs for future use
Analytical Gradients for Projection-Based Wavefunction-in-DFT Embedding
Projection-based embedding provides a simple, robust, and accurate approach
for describing a small part of a chemical system at the level of a correlated
wavefunction method while the remainder of the system is described at the level
of density functional theory. Here, we present the derivation, implementation,
and numerical demonstration of analytical nuclear gradients for
projection-based wavefunction-in-density functional theory (WF-in-DFT)
embedding. The gradients are formulated in the Lagrangian framework to enforce
orthogonality, localization, and Brillouin constraints on the molecular
orbitals. An important aspect of the gradient theory is that WF contributions
to the total WF-in-DFT gradient can be simply evaluated using existing WF
gradient implementations without modification. Another simplifying aspect is
that Kohn-Sham (KS) DFT contributions to the projection-based embedding
gradient do not require knowledge of the WF calculation beyond the relaxed WF
density. Projection-based WF-in-DFT embedding gradients are thus easily
generalized to any combination of WF and KS-DFT methods. We provide numerical
demonstration of the method for several applications, including calculation of
a minimum energy pathway for a hydride transfer in a cobalt-based molecular
catalyst using the nudged-elastic-band method at the CCSD-in-DFT level of
theory, which reveals large differences from the transition state geometry
predicted using DFT.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure
Longitudinal Spin Asymmetry and Cross Section of Inclusive pi0 Production in Polarized p+p Collisions at RHIC
We present the first measurement of the cross section and the double
longitudinal spin asymmetry of inclusive pi0 production in polarized p+p
collisions at Sqrt(s) = 200 GeV at mid-rapidity with the STAR detector, using
the barrel electromagnetic calorimeter. The measured cross section is compared
to NLO pQCD calculations and can provide constraints on the pion fragmentation
functions. Fragmentation is studied directly by measuring the momentum fraction
of pi0 in jets, a quantity that is affected by the fragmentation process and
jet reconstruction effects. The double longitudinal spin asymmetry is compared
to NLO pQCD calculations based on different assumptions for the gluon
polarization in the nucleon to provide constraints on delta g/g. At the present
level of statistics the measured asymmetry disfavors a large positive gluon
polarization, but can not yet distinguish between other scenarios.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to the proceedings of the 17th
International Spin Physics Symposium (SPIN2006), Kyoto, Japan, October 2 to
7, 200
Macro aerodynamic devices controlled by micro systems
Micro-ElectroMechanical-Systems (MEMS) have emerged as a major enabling technology across the engineering disciplines. In this study, the possibility of applying MEMS to the aerodynamic field was explored. We have demonstrated that microtransducers can be used to control the motion of a delta wing in a wind tunnel and can even maneuver a scaled aircraft in flight tests. The main advantage of using micro actuators to replace the traditional control surface is the significant reduction of radar cross-sections. At a high angle of attack, a large portion of the suction loading on a delta wing is contributed by the leading edge separation vortices which originate from thin boundary layers at the leading edge. We used microactuators with a thickness comparable to that of the boundary layer in order to alter the separation process and thus achieved control of the global motion by minute perturbations
Statistical analysis of direct-strike lightning data (1980 to 1982)
Electromagnetic measurements are being made during direct lightning strikes by NASA Langley Center using a specially instrumented F-106B aircraft. The research is to aid refinement, characterization, and understanding of the lightning-aircraft interaction process and the lightning hazards to aircraft. Statistical methods are applied to characterize some aspects of the lightning data obtained from 176 strikes to the aircraft. Specific attention is given to the problem of estimating the upper extreme quantiles of the distributions of peak-to-peak values for currents and rates of change in the magnetic and flux densities. A formal treatment via a general location-scale family of models allows the estimation method to be adapted to the realized shapes the distributions. The shapes are examined by probability plotting methods
Hamiltonian analysis of subcritical stochastic epidemic dynamics
We extend a technique of approximation of the long-term behavior of a
supercritical stochastic epidemic model, using the WKB approximation and a
Hamiltonian phase space, to the subcritical case. The limiting behavior of the
model and approximation are qualitatively different in the subcritical case,
requiring a novel analysis of the limiting behavior of the Hamiltonian system
away from its deterministic subsystem. This yields a novel, general technique
of approximation of the quasistationary distribution of stochastic epidemic and
birth-death models, and may lead to techniques for analysis of these models
beyond the quasistationary distribution. For a classic SIS model, the
approximation found for the quasistationary distribution is very similar to
published approximations but not identical. For a birth-death process without
depletion of susceptibles, the approximation is exact. Dynamics on the phase
plane similar to those predicted by the Hamiltonian analysis are demonstrated
in cross-sectional data from trachoma treatment trials in Ethiopia, in which
declining prevalences are consistent with subcritical epidemic dynamics
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