High surface area sulfur-doped microporous carbons from inverse vulcanised polymers

Industrial by-products sulfur and dicyclopentadiene form a high surface-area microporous carbon with excellent potential to filter gold or mercury.</p

Controlling electric double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance in heteroatom-doped carbons derived from hypercrosslinked microporous polymers

© 2018 Hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) are an important class of porous materials that can be synthesized from aromatic precursors using a one-step “knitting” procedure. This scalable process allows wide synthetic diversity and ease of functionalization. However, pristine HCPs lack electrical conductivity, which limits their potential for electrochemical applications. Supercapacitors are energy storage devices with advantages over conventional batteries such as high power densities, rapid charge speeds, and superior cyclability. In this work, carbonization of functionalized HCPs yields highly conductive and porous materials that can be used as supercapacitor electrodes. Both electric double-layer capacitance (EDLC) and pseudocapacitance (PC) mechanisms are observed. The relative EDLC and PC contributions were quantified for a range of 20 HCP-derived materials, thus allowing a controlled approach to tuning the energy storage properties. The HCP-based carbons show ideal supercapacitor behavior and the best performing material, which shows 63% PC, displays exceptionally high capacitances of up to 374 F g −1 , excellent capacitance retention at fast charging speeds, and stability for up to 15,000 charge/discharge cycles

Porosity-engineered carbons for supercapacitive energy storage using conjugated microporous polymer precursors

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are considered an important material, combining aspects of both microporosity and extended π-conjugation. However, pristine CMP electrodes suffer from poor electrical conductivity which limits the material in electrochemical applications. In this work, direct carbonisation of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) yields porosity-engineered carbons, important for the flow of ions through the electrode. These conductive carbonised CMPs show specific capacitance as high as 260 F g−1, excellent rate capability and no loss in performance after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles. This study provides a procedure to enhance the performance of CMP-based materials, opening up a new source of electroactive materials

Nitrogen-rich activated carbon monoliths via ice-templating with high CO2 and H-2 adsorption capacities

An ice-templating &amp; solvent exchange approach has been developed to prepare porous carbons with tuneable surface area and N contents. These porous carbons exhibit a high uptake of both CO2 and H2.</p

PH effects on molecular hydrogen storage in porous organic cages deposited onto platinum electrodes

Hydrogen absorption is a crucial process in energy storage (microscopic or macroscopic) and management and here a porous organic cage (POC) material is shown to bind and release hydrogen when deposited directly onto a platinum electrode and immersed into aqueous electrolyte. Preliminary voltammetry experiments for the POC CC3 deposited onto a platinum disc electrode reveal uptake and release of hydrogen gas (probably coupled to water release and uptake, respectively) in the vicinity of the electrode. Significant pH effects on the rate of binding and release are reported and explained with a change in H2 binding rate. In future, “wet” POCs or POCs dispersed in aqueous solution could be employed for enhancing hydrogen capture/transport in energy applications.N.H. and J.I. thank MINICINN, Spain (projects CTQ2013-48280-C3-3-R and CTQ2016-76231-C2-2-R (AEI/FEDER, UE)) for financial support and the University of Alicante for support for a PhD exchange visit. J.-S.M.L., M.E.B., and A.I.C. thank EPSRC (EP/H000925/1) for financial support

Advances in Conjugated Microporous Polymers.

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are a unique class of materials that combine extended π-conjugation with a permanently microporous skeleton. Since their discovery in 2007, CMPs have become established as an important subclass of porous materials. A wide range of synthetic building blocks and network-forming reactions offers an enormous variety of CMPs with different properties and structures. This has allowed CMPs to be developed for gas adsorption and separations, chemical adsorption and encapsulation, heterogeneous catalysis, photoredox catalysis, light emittance, sensing, energy storage, biological applications, and solar fuels production. Here we review the progress of CMP research since its beginnings and offer an outlook for where these materials might be headed in the future. We also compare the prospect for CMPs against the growing range of conjugated crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs)