808 research outputs found
Sputter metalization of Wolter type optical elements
An analytical task showed that the coating thickness distribution for both internal and external optical elements coated using either electron beam or sputter sources can be made uniform and will not affect the surface figure of coated elements. Also, sputtered samples of nickel, molybdenum, iridium and ruthenium deposited onto both hot and cold substrates showed excellent adhesion
What are the benefits of the International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme for teaching and learning? Perspectives from stakeholders in Australia
The report was commissioned by the IB and builds on existing studies on the Middle Years Program. It is the first study to comprehensively examine key âinsiderâ stakeholder perspectives of the benefits of the MYP for teaching and learning in Australia. Specifically it examines the perspectives of seventeen MYP teachers, five MYP Coordinators and six school principals from three public and two private schools, and four representatives from governing bodies and public education authorities. A qualitative research design involving case studies, semi-structured interviews and document analysis was used to gather rich data about insidersâ and key stakeholdersâ perspectives of the impact of MYP on teaching and learning addressing the following research questions: 1) What are the impediments and enablers of offering the MYP? 2) What are the benefits of the MYP for teaching and learning? 3) What are the challenges of the MYP for teaching and learning
Forensic Use of the Five Domains Model for Assessing Suffering in Cases of Animal Cruelty
Conceptual frameworks for understanding animal welfare scientifically have become influential. An early âbiological functioningâ framework still influences expert opinions prepared for Courts hearing animal cruelty cases, despite deficiencies revealed by the emergence and wide scientific adoption of an âaffective stateâ framework. According to âbiological functioningâ precepts, indices of negative welfare states should predominantly be physical and/or clinical and any reference to animalsâ supposed subjective experiences, i.e., their âaffective statesâ, should be excluded. However, âaffective stateâ concepts, which have neuroscience and animal behaviour foundations, show that behavioural indices may be used to credibly identify negative welfare outcomes or affects. Acceptance of the âaffective stateâ framework is entirely consistent with the current extensive international recognition that vertebrate animals are âsentientâ beings. A long list of negative affects is discussed and each one is described as a prelude to updating the concept of âsufferingâ or âdistressâ, often referred to in animal welfare legislation and prosecutions for alleged ill-treatment of animals. The Five Domains Model for assessing and grading animal welfare compromise is then discussed using examples of severe-to-very-severe ill-treatment of dogs. It is concluded that experts should frame their opinions in ways that include negative affective outcomes
Innovation and Traditional at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine: An Anecdotal Journey
This book was not commissioned, nor was the author assigned the task of writing a history of the School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania. The idea to write this history arose after I read the critique of a grant request to the National Institutes of Health, which gave my proposal an unfundable priority score. The reviewers\u27 criticisms of the proposed experiments were so contrary to concepts that I thought lead to great discoveries that I wondered what factors are involved in making scientific advances. Realizing that a number of important advances in medical science had been made from time to time by my colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, I decided to examine systematically how these scientists\u27 ideas originated and their advances were made. What I thought would be a relatively easy task soon became a complex one, for I soon found that, in addition to the many scientific contributions made by the faculty, the School of Medicine had a history that was richer and more distinguished than I or anyone I talked with realized. To my surprise, my investigations uncovered the fact that, even before the end of the eighteenth century, the faculty of the Medical Department had begun original experimentation and, within a short time, had made discoveries equaling those of their colleagues in Europe. As the new country developed, the Medical Department made every effort within its often meager means to improve its teaching, rebuild its facilities, and meet the medical challenges of a growing nation
Hidden security threat identification: A reduced order model for the rapid computation of object characterisations
This work presents computational results of a reduced order model for the rapid calculation of conducting object characterisations as a function of frequency in metal detection. Such characterisations are called their spectral signature. We present a brief description of the eddy-current model and the magnetic polarizability tensor (MPT) used for our object characterisations. The transmission problem required for the computation of the MPT and its discretisation is then described followed by a summary of the reduced order model. As an illustration of the capabilities of the approach for characterising realistic objects, we show MPT spectral signatures of a British ÂŁ1 coin
Ethical Dimensions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection During Pregnancy
Physicians encounter complex and sensitive ethical challenges in the medical care of pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This paper identifies those ethical challenges and provides concrete clinical guidance for how they should be addressed in obstetric care. The paper begins with a brief historical review, to highlight and to call into question the civil rights model of the ethics of HIV infection that has dominated the literature, clinical practice, and public policy. The authors propose an alternative ethical framework. This framework begins by underscoring the public health obligations of both physicians and pregnant women with HIV infection. The framework is based on a clinical ethics that appeals to both beneficence-based and
autonomy-based obligations of the physician to the pregnant woman and the beneficence-based
obligations of both the physician and the pregnant woman to the fetal patient. This framework is
then deployed in a clinical ethical analysis of termination of pregnancy and contraception, partner
notification, disclosure and confidentiality of her serostatus by the patient to the health care team,
disclosure and confidentiality of her serostatus to other health care professionals, prevention of
vertical transmission, and advance directives
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