Jerzy Łoś’s Epistemic Logic and the Origins of Epistemic Logics

The paper presents Jerzy Łoś’s system of epistemic logic, which is the world’s first system of epistemic logic. We characterise this system and give an analysis of its theses in the light of the theory of rational behaviour. We notice that some theses are adequate to the characterization of the rational belief, but some of them are too much idealization of rational behaviour. Next, we check Nicolaus Rescher’s systems of assertion and relation between them and Łoś’s system. We also analyse so-called Carthesian system constructed by Witold Marciszewski, which is intended as improvement of Łoś’s system.The paper presents Jerzy Łoś’s system of epistemic logic, which is the world’s first system of epistemic logic. We characterise this system and give an analysis of its theses in the light of the theory of rational behaviour. We notice that some theses are adequate to the characterization of the rational belief, but some of them are too much idealization of rational behaviour. Next, we check Nicolaus Rescher’s systems of assertion and relation between them and Łoś’s system. We also analyse so-called Carthesian system constructed by Witold Marciszewski, which is intended as improvement of Łoś’s system

LEAPTech/HEIST Experiment Test and Evaluation Summary

The Leading Edge Asynchronous Propeller Technology (LEAPTech) project tested the Hybrid-Electric Integrated Systems Testbed (HEIST) and was intended for a general aviation sized aircraft with Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) to show large improvements with regards to efficiency, emissions, safety and operating costs. The wing was designed for high loading to improve ride quality and show improved takeoff and landing characteristics. The full-scale test article wing had a 31-foot-span, had integrated electric motors, was mounted on a truck 20 ft. above ground and driven in a simulated flight test environment at various velocities up to 70 miles per hour. The simulated flight test varied primarily angle of attack and flap settings. These tests were conducted to obtain data and verify blown wing performance primarily with regards to lift. The experimental test results are presented

Using Modeling and Simulation to Analyze Complex Aircraft

Modeling and Simulation (M&S) is used at the Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC) on Edwards Air Force Base (AFB) to better understand physical phenomena on aircraft. M&S allows for the reduction of cost and risk by providing a better understanding of required flight tests and the interactions between various forces and the aircraft (i.e. wind resistance, pressure change, and temperature change). Without this process, the lives of pilots would be at a much greater risk when testing their aircraft and there would be little to no funds to fly due to the cost to repair or modify the aircraft. This process uses aero-structure interaction simulation and fluid mechanics simulation data measuring wing tip flutter to characterize and correlate the simulated findings on complex aircraft configurations. The data that has been gathered can be analyzed with Microsoft Office Excel’s data analysis function. Fourier analysis is performed on the Z coordinate of each data set to help measure amplitude versus frequency based off data measuring deflection versus time. The findings have shown the peak frequency varies based on the time interval and amount of data points tested. With a smaller time interval and more data per period, there is more accuracy in determining the shape of the graph but variance in peak frequencies. With a larger time interval and less data per period, determining the true peak frequency is more effective

AQUIFER Nano-Electrofuel Energy Economy and Powered Aircraft Operations

The Aqueous, QUick-charging battery Integration For Electric flight Research project is explained and the major subsystems are described, including nano-electric fluid, rim-driven motors, and integration concepts. The nano-electric fluid concept is a new type of aqueous flow battery that could reduce or retire the fire and explosion hazards of conventional batteries and fuel cells. The nano-electric fluid itself could enable energy storage and increased available energy per fuel weight ratios. The rim-driven motor is being developed to improve propulsion system safety and stability and to reduce noise. The rim-driven motor concept could enable motors that are more efficient both electrically and aerodynamically. The Energy Economy of the project concept is presented as a potential renewable or green energy sustainment for utilizing in-place infrastructure. The nano-electric fluid energy charge-use-recharge cycle is presented using renewable energy input from solar, wind, and hydroelectricity. Powered aircraft operations are presented, and the logistics of the new nano-electric fluid technology are explored. Powered aircraft operations topics include weight and balance, fueling, recharging, safety, and derivative considerations

Czy rozumowanie węża było rzetelne? Kilka słów sięgających początkównaszego myślenia w darze Znawcy Racjonalności

Artykuł podejmuje zasygnalizowany w Księdze Rodzaju problem przejścia w argumentacji od stwierdzenia, że wszystko poza jednym jest dozwolone, do konkluzji, że nic nie jest dozwolone. Wyrażono przypuszczenie, że rozumowanie biblijnego węża jest przykładem argumentacji nierzetelnej, pewną wersją argumentu pars pro toto (entymematu pozornego), często pojawiającą się w różnego rodzaju argumentacjach

Manned Versus Unmanned Risk and Complexity Considerations for Future Midsized X-Planes

The objective of this work was to identify and estimate complexity and risks associated with the development and testing of new low-cost medium-scale X-plane aircraft primarily focused on air transport operations. Piloting modes that were evaluated for this task were manned, remotely piloted, and unmanned flight research programs. This analysis was conducted early in the data collection period for X-plane concept vehicles before preliminary designs were complete. Over 50 different aircraft and system topics were used to evaluate the three piloting control modes. Expert group evaluations from a diverse set of pilots, engineers, and other experts at Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate centers within the National Aeronautics and Space Administration provided qualitative reasoning on the many issues surrounding the decisions regarding piloting modes. The group evaluations were numerically rated to evaluate each topic quantitatively and were used to provide independent criteria for vehicle complexity and risk. An Edwards Air Force Base instruction document was identified that emerged as a source of the effects found in our qualitative and quantitative data. The study showed that a manned aircraft was the best choice to align with test activities for transport aircraft flight research from a low-complexity and low-risk perspective. The study concluded that a manned aircraft option would minimize the risk and complexity to improve flight-test efficiency and bound the cost of the flight-test portion of the program. Several key findings and discriminators between the three modes are discussed in detail

Manned versus Unmanned Risk and Complexity Considerations for Future Midsized X-Planes

These slides provide subjective analysis regarding risk and complexity of potential manned vs unmanned vehicles for a CAS x-plane project

Entry Descent and Landing Workshop Proceedings

Objective: Scope out a low-cost instrumentation effort for Discovery and/or New Frontiers-class missions, including acquisition strategy, for FY17-19 (TBR). This is intended to be a new Game-Changing project. MEDLI and MEDLI2 cost $25-$30M each. These costs are not sustainable. Solutions are too massive and large for small planetary missions. Share various perspectives and previous experiences; discuss costs. Establish the future mission needs and measurement/sensor priorities. Determine the best acquisition and phasing approach

Simulation of the deflected cutting tool trajectory in complex surface milling

Since industry is rapidly developing, either locally or globally, manufacturers witness harder challenges due to the growing competitivity. This urges them to better consider the four factors linked to production and output: quality, quantity, cost and price, quality being of course the most important factor which constitutes their main concern. Efforts will be concentrated—in this research—on improving the quality and securing more accuracy for a machined surface in ball-end milling. Quality and precision are two essential criteria in industrial milling. However, milling errors and imperfections, duemainly to the cutting tool deflection, hinder the full achieving of these targets. Our task, all along this paper, consists in studying and realizing the simulation of the deflected cutting tool trajectory, by using the methods which are available. In a future stage, and in the frame of a deeper research, the simulation process will help to carry out the correction and the compensation of the errors resulting from the tool deflection. The corrected trajectory which is obtained by the method mirror will be sent to the machine. To achieve this goal, the next process consists—as a first step—in selecting a model of cutting forces for a ball-end mill. This allows to define—later on—the behavior of this tool, and the emergence of three methods namely the analytical model, the finite elements method, and the experimental method. It is possible to tackle the cutting forces simulation, all along the tool trajectory, while this latter is carrying out the sweeping of the part to be machined in milling and taking into consideration the cutting conditions, as well as the geography of the workpiece. A simulation of the deflected cutting tool trajectory dependent on the cutting forces has been realized