Pesticide use and risk of end-stage renal disease among licensed pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study

Experimental studies suggest a relationship between pesticide exposure and renal impairment, but epidemiological evidence is limited. We evaluated the association between exposure to 41 specific pesticides and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), a prospective cohort study of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina

Pesticide exposure and end-stage renal disease risk among wives of pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study

Pesticide exposure has been found to cause renal damage and dysfunction in experimental studies, but epidemiological research on the renal effects of chronic low-level pesticide exposure is limited. We investigated the relationships between end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among wives of licensed pesticide applicators (N = 31,142) in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) and (1) personal pesticide use, (2) exposure to the husband's pesticide use, and (3) other pesticide-associated farming and household activities

A population-based study of prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in León, Nicaragua

Abstract Background Recent studies have shown an excess of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among younger adult males in the Pacific coastal region of Nicaragua and suggest a non-conventional CKD etiology in this region. These studies have been conducted in small, non-representative populations. Objectives We conducted a large population-based cross-sectional study to estimate CKD prevalence in León, Nicaragua, and to evaluate the association between previously investigated risk factors and CKD. Methods Estimated glomerular filtration rate, derived using the MDRD equation, was assessed to determine CKD status of 2275 León residents. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted prevalence odds ratios. León CKD prevalence was also standardized to the demographic distributions of the León Health and Demographic Surveillance System and the León 2005 Census. Results CKD prevalence was 9.1%; twice as high for males (13.8%) than females (5.8%). In addition to gender, older age, rural zone, lower education level, and self-reported high blood pressure, more years of agricultural work, lija (unregulated alcohol) consumption, and higher levels of daily water consumption were significantly associated with CKD. Notably, self-reported diabetes was associated with CKD in adjusted models for females but not males. Conclusions Our findings are comparable to those found in regional studies and further support the hypothesis of a Mesoamerican Nephropathy

The TALKS study to improve communication, logistical, and financial barriers to live donor kidney transplantation in African Americans: protocol of a randomized clinical trial

Background Live donor kidney transplantation (LDKT), an optimal therapy for many patients with end-stage kidney disease, is underutilized, particularly by African Americans. Potential recipient difficulties initiating and sustaining conversations about LDKT, identifying willing and medically eligible donors, and potential donors’ logistical and financial hurdles have been cited as potential contributors to race disparities in LDKT. Few interventions specifically targeting these factors have been tested. Methods/Design We report the protocol of the Talking about Living Kidney Donation Support (TALKS) study, a study designed to evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral, educational and financial assistance interventions to improve access to LDKT among African Americans on the deceased donor kidney transplant recipient waiting list. We adapted a previously tested educational and social worker intervention shown to improve consideration and pursuit of LDKT among patients and their family members for its use among patients on the kidney transplant waiting list. We also developed a financial assistance intervention to help potential donors overcome logistical and financial challenges they might face during the pursuit of live kidney donation. We will evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions by conducting a randomized controlled trial in which patients on the deceased donor waiting list receive 1) usual care while on the transplant waiting list, 2) the educational and social worker intervention, or 3) the educational and social worker intervention plus the option of participating in the financial assistance program. The primary outcome of the randomized controlled trial will measure potential recipients’ live kidney donor activation (a composite rate of live donor inquiries, completed new live donor evaluations, or live kidney donation) at 1 year. Discussion The TALKS study will rigorously assess the effectiveness of promising interventions to reduce race disparities in LDKT. Trial registration NCT02369354

Pesticide exposure and end-stage renal disease risk among wives of pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study

BACKGROUND: Pesticide exposure has been found to cause renal damage and dysfunction in experimental studies, but epidemiological research on the renal effects of chronic low-level pesticide exposure is limited. We investigated the relationships between end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among wives of licensed pesticide applicators (N = 31,142) in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) and (1) personal pesticide use, (2) exposure to the husband's pesticide use, and (3) other pesticide-associated farming and household activities. METHODS: AHS participants reported pesticide exposure via self-administered questionnaires at enrollment (1993–1997). ESRD cases were identified via linkage to the United States Renal Data System. Associations between ESRD and pesticide exposures were estimated with Cox proportional hazard regression models controlling for age at enrollment. Models of associations with farming and household factors were additionally adjusted for personal use of pesticides. RESULTS: We identified 98 ESRD cases diagnosed between enrollment and 31 December 2011. Although women who ever applied pesticides (56% of cohort) were less likely than those who did not apply to develop ESRD (Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.42; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.64), among women who did apply pesticides, the rate of ESRD was significantly elevated among those who reported the highest (vs. lowest) cumulative general pesticide use (HR: 4.22; 95% CI: 1.26, 14.20). Among wives who never applied pesticides, ESRD was associated with husbands' ever use of paraquat (HR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.14, 3.47) and butylate (HR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.95), with a positive exposure–response pattern for husband’s cumulative use of these pesticides. CONCLUSIONS: ESRD may be associated with direct and/or indirect exposure to pesticides among farm women. Future studies should evaluate indirect exposure risk among other rural populations

International prospective observational cohort study of Zika in infants and pregnancy (ZIP study): study protocol

Submitted by Raphael Belchior ([email protected]) on 2020-04-02T13:47:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CRIS-IGM - IAM - IFF - International prospective observational.pdf: 600810 bytes, checksum: 8e0c7389346277503afb09ceb41010da (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Raphael Belchior ([email protected]) on 2020-04-02T14:05:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CRIS-IGM - IAM - IFF - International prospective observational.pdf: 600810 bytes, checksum: 8e0c7389346277503afb09ceb41010da (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-02T14:05:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CRIS-IGM - IAM - IFF - International prospective observational.pdf: 600810 bytes, checksum: 8e0c7389346277503afb09ceb41010da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences, RTI International, Durham, NC, USA.Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis.Centro Nacional de Diagnostico y Referencia, Complejo Nacional de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua.Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Presidência. Centro de Relações Internacionais em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundación para la Alimentación y Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala.Section of Nutrition, Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.Section of Nutrition, Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departmento de Virologia e Terapias Experimentais. Recife, PE, Brasil / School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.Director of Research Institute at Imbanaco Medical Center, Cali, Colombia.Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences, RTI International, Durham, NC, USA.Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) da Universidade de Pernambuco, Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group, Recife, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.Department of Epidemiology, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences, RTI International, Durham, NC, USA.Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.Maternal-Infant Studies Center (CEMI), San Juan, Puerto Rico.Until recently, Zika virus (ZIKV) infections were considered mild and self-limiting. Since 2015, they have been associated with an increase in microcephaly and other birth defects in newborns. While this association has been observed in case reports and epidemiological studies, the nature and extent of the relationship between ZIKV and adverse pregnancy and pediatric health outcomes is not well understood. With the unique opportunity to prospectively explore the full spectrum of issues related to ZIKV exposure during pregnancy, we undertook a multi-country, prospective cohort study to evaluate the association between ZIKV and pregnancy, neonatal, and infant outcomes

Correction to: International prospective observational cohort study of Zika in infants and pregnancy (ZIP study): study protocol

Submitted by Raphael Belchior ([email protected]) on 2020-04-02T14:11:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CRIS-IGM - IAM - IFF - Correction to International prospective observational.pdf: 200493 bytes, checksum: eaf9fa851765899cd56883a5e128bb4e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Raphael Belchior ([email protected]) on 2020-04-02T14:14:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CRIS-IGM - IAM - IFF - Correction to International prospective observational.pdf: 200493 bytes, checksum: eaf9fa851765899cd56883a5e128bb4e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-02T14:14:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CRIS-IGM - IAM - IFF - Correction to International prospective observational.pdf: 200493 bytes, checksum: eaf9fa851765899cd56883a5e128bb4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences, RTI International, Durham, NC, USA.Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis.Centro Nacional de Diagnostico y Referencia, Complejo Nacional de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua.Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Presidência. Centro de Relações Internacionais em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundación para la Alimentación y Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala.Section of Nutrition, Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.Section of Nutrition, Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departmento de Virologia e Terapias Experimentais. Recife, PE, Brasil / School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.Director of Research Institute at Imbanaco Medical Center, Cali, Colombia.Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences, RTI International, Durham, NC, USA.Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) da Universidade de Pernambuco, Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group, Recife, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.Department of Epidemiology, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences, RTI International, Durham, NC, USA.Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.Maternal-Infant Studies Center (CEMI), San Juan, Puerto Rico.Following publication of the original article [1], the author mentioned that two additional NIH staff were involved in the development of the protocol who did not receive recognition in the Acknowledgments section in their published article

Pesticide use and risk of end-stage renal disease among licensed pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study

OBJECTIVES: Experimental studies suggest a relationship between pesticide exposure and renal impairment, but epidemiological evidence is limited. We evaluated the association between exposure to 41 specific pesticides and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), a prospective cohort study of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina. METHODS: Via linkage to the United States Renal Data System, we identified 320 ESRD cases diagnosed between enrollment (1993-1997) and December 2011 among 55,580 male licensed pesticide applicators. Participants provided pesticide use information via self-administered questionnaires. Lifetime pesticide use was defined as the product of duration and frequency of use and then modified by an intensity factor to account for differences in pesticide application practices. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age and state, were used to estimate associations between ESRD and: 1) ordinal categories of intensity-weighted lifetime use of 41 pesticides, 2) poisoning and high-level pesticide exposures, and 3) pesticide exposure resulting in a medical visit or hospitalization. RESULTS: Positive exposure-response trends were observed for the herbicides alachlor, atrazine, metolachlor, paraquat, and pendimethalin, and the insecticide chlordane. More than one medical visit due to pesticide use (HR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.89) and hospitalization due to pesticide use (HR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.67, 5.58) were significantly associated with ESRD. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support an association between ESRD and chronic exposure to specific pesticides and suggest pesticide exposures resulting in medical visits may increase the risk of ESRD