Quantum-like modeling of the order effect in decision making: POVM viewpoint on the Wang-Busemeyer QQ-equality

In recent years, quantum mechanics has been actively used in areas outside of physics, such as psychology, sociology, theory of decision-making, game theory, and others. In particular, quantum mechanics is used to explain the paradoxes arising in cognitive psychology and decision making. Wang and Busemeyer invented a quantum model and approach as well as non-parametric equality (so-called QQ-equality), explaining the questions order effect. The primary objective of this note is to test the possibility to expand the Wang-Busemeyer model by considering questions which are mathematically represented by positive operator valued measures. We found that, for such observables, the QQ-equality can be violated. But, we also showed that, in principle, it is possible to reduce expanded model to the original Wang-Busemeyer model by expanding the context of the questions

Two-parameters single equation stem taper models of Pinus sibirica in Siberia, Russia

A large number of studies have been devoted to the cedar forests in Russia, but studies of the conicity of trunks remain limited. The main goal of this study was to analyze two-parameter single equation stem tapper models for Siberian cedar trees, which will serve as guidelines for future research. The study tested six two-parameter models of one equation for the conicity of the trunk of Siberian cedar trees. For this, data from 1805 measurements of diameters in 193 felled trees were used. The data were collected in natural pure and mixed Siberian pine stands in Irkutsk region (Southern Siberia) and Tyumen region (Western Siberia), Russia. Our analysis showed that for our data set, the Reed and Green model turned out to be the best model. The model is characterized by the smallest average absolute error percentage, the square root of the root mean square error, and the largest coefficient of determination. The residuals of this model are independent and characterized by constant variance. The analysis performed showed that two-parameter single equation models have a good fit in the central part of the trunk, therefore, forestry management in cedar forests should be used with caution. For the purposes of forestry management in cedar forests, it is recommended to develop and put into practice more complex models

Особенности современной семьи: модель взаимоотношений в России и мире

Modern society is currently undergoing the stage of transition. Such a change has an impact on all social institutions, including the family and family-marital relations. People are becoming increasingly liberated and independent. This affects marital relations, which are currently being built according to new paradigms associated with greater responsibility for oneself and less for the partner. All these are new phenomena of our social reality, requiring a new understanding and development of new social practice. To validly disclose the features of the modern model of family relations, we will build our considerations in line with evolutionary, functional, empirical and interactionist approaches, based on the assertion that the family is, first of all, a small social group, where each partner has their own, often opposing, interests, and which at the same time acts as an integral social system.Современное общество в настоящее время переживает переходный этап. Такое изменение оказывает влияние на все социальные институты, включая семью и семейно-брачные отношения. Люди становятся все более раскрепощенными и независимыми. Это сказывается на супружеских отношениях, которые в настоящее время строятся в соответствии с новыми парадигмами, связанными с большей ответственностью за себя и меньшей степени за партнера. Все это - новые явления нашей социальной реальности, требующие нового понимания и развития новой социальной практики. Чтобы достоверно раскрыть особенности современной модели семейных отношений, мы строим наши рассуждения в русле эволюционного, функционального, эмпирического и интеракционистского подходов, основанных на утверждении, что семья — это прежде всего небольшая социальная группа, где каждый партнер имеет свои, часто противоположные, интересы и которая в то же время выступает как целостная социальная система

FORMATION OF PLUM SEEDLINGS UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION IN CENTRAL NON-BLACK SOIL REGION OF RUSSIA

The article presents the results of studying formation of plum seedlings under drip irrigation in conditions of the Central Non-Black Soil Region of Russia. Field research was carried out on the territory of the training and experimental farming, fruit-growing laboratory “Michurinsky Garden” of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. The factors studied were soil irrigation regimes (60-80, 70-90, 80-100% of the lowest moisture capacity) and plum varieties (“Utro” and “Mashenka”). The results of the experiment showed that plum seedlings grown under conditions of insufficient and uneven moistening were characterized by the lowest biometric indices. The most severe lack of soil moisture was observed during intensive growth (May - early June). Insufficient and uneven moistening with intervals of reduced moistening leads to several growth waves in plants. In the seedlings grown under drip irrigation the second and third waves of growth were not observed. In irrigation variants, the root system of seedlings was mainly located in the upper arable layer of the soil which was best supplied with nutrients, had the lowest density and favorable air regime. Location of root system along the drip line and at the depth of 30 cm facilitated transferring seedlings to nurseries and ensured less damage to them during transplantation

Psychological Status of Perimenopausal Women with Climacteric Syndrome

Introduction. Women’s health is an important goal of modern medical, psychological, and social research. Unfavorable external and internal negative factors, which worsen psychoemotional status and lead to psychophysiological disadaptation, and also the increase in life expectancy determine the importance of the issue. Perimenopausal women with the so-called climacteric syndrome are at special risk. The novelty of the research lies in studying psychological characteristics of perimenopause complicated with climacteric syndrome. Methods. The study used the following techniques: (a) “Your Health”, a questionnaire developed by O. S. Kopina and L. Reader; (b) “Assessing Neuropsychic Stress”, a technique by T. A. Nemchin; (c) the Rapid Diagnosis of Predisposition to Unwarranted Anxiety by V. V. Boyko; (d) the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) by Ch. D. Spielberg and Yu. L. Khanin; (e) the Individual Typological Questionnaire (ITQ) by L. N. Sobchik; (f) and a technique for diagnosing health, activity, and mood – HAM test – developed by V. A. Doskin and co-authors. The participants comprised 143 menopausal women aged 45–55 years. Results. The study revealed the insufficiently explored personality characteristics in menopausal women with and without climacteric syndrome. Personal anxiety and climacteric syndrome had a statistically significant relationship in perimenopausal women. Discussion. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the psychology of menopause and help in improving methods for diagnosis and psychocorrection of climacteric syndrome. Further research will concentrate on the bioelectric and bioenergetic processes forming the basis for personality characteristics in women with climacteric syndrome

CELL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CORRECTION OF METABOLIC DISORDERS OF ERYTHROCYTES IN ACUTE TOXIC LIVER INJURY

Цель. Установление эффективности использования аллогенных гепатоцитов и мексидола в коррекции нарушений содержания белков и липидов мембран и показателей метаболизма эритроцитов в условиях острого токсического поражения печени.Материалы и методы. Исследования проведены на 65 крысах-самцах Вистар. Острое токсическое поражение печени моделировали путем внутримышечного введения четыреххлористого углерода. Выделение аллогенных гепатоцитов от животных через 5–6 дней после рождения производилась по методике M.N. Berry, D.S. Friend. Мексидол вводили одновременно с токсикантом, пятикратно, через 24 часа, внутрибрюшинно в дозе 50 мг/кг отдельно или вместе с аллогенными гепатоцитами.Результаты. В статье изложены данные о нарушениях содержания белков и липидов мембран и показателей метаболизма эритроцитов у экспериментальных животных в условиях острого токсического поражения печени (ОТПП), вызванного введением четыреххлористого углерода. В работе определена эффективность использования аллогенных гепатоцитов и мексидола в коррекции нарушенных показателей липидного спектра мембран и метаболизма эритроцитов у животных при ОТПП.Заключение. Эффект мексидола при остром токсическом поражении печени обусловлен нормализацией липидного обмена в клеточной мембране и, соответственно, белкового спектра мембран.Область применения результатов. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при разработке эффективных способов коррекции метаболических нарушений при различных видах патологии печени.Background: Establishing effective use of allogeneic hepatocytes and Mexidol in the correction of the content of protein and erythrocyte membrane lipids and metabolic indicators in acute liver toxicity.Materials and methods: Studies conducted on 65 male rats Wistar. Acute liver toxicity was modeled by intramuscular injection of carbon tetrachloride. Isolation of allogeneic hepatocytes from animals 5–6 days after birth was made by the method M.N. Berry, D.S. Friend. Meksidol administered simultaneously with the toxicant, five times, after 24 hours, intraperitoneally at 50 mg/kg, alone or with allogeneic hepatocytes.Results: The article presents the data on violations of proteins and lipids contents of erythrocytes membranes and erythrocytes metabolism values in experimental animals under the condition of acute toxic liver injury (ATLI), caused by the introduction of carbon tetrachloride. This scientific work reveals the effectiveness of allogenic hepatocytes and Mexidol using for the correction of abnormal values of lipid spectrum of erythrocytes membranes and erythrocytes metabolism indexes in animals with acute toxic liver injury.Conclusion: Effect of Mexidol in acute liver injury caused by toxic normalization of lipid metabolism in the cell membrane and thus membrane protein spectrum.Scope of the results. The results obtained can be used to develop effective ways of correction of metabolic abnormalities in different types of liver disease

Influence of metal structural heterogeneity on corrosion of steam boiler pipes

The degree of metal structural heterogeneity and its influence on intergranular and intragranular creep and processes of general and pitting pipe corrosion of steam boilers connected with them has been estimated on the basis of the roentgenophase analysis of samples taken from pipe steel 20

Особенности естественного возобновления в сосново-липовых и лиственнично-липовых насаждениях города Москвы

Problems of natural renewal of tree species (pine-linden and larch-linden stands) were studied in the territory of Forest experimental station, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. Natural regeneration of tree species is one of the most urgent problems of forestry and forest park management in urban areas. Reforestation refers to complex natural processes that affect all components of biogeocenoses. The purpose of the research was to study natural regeneration in mixed stands in Moscow. Methods and results of field surveys of forest stands in permanent trial plots were described. The forest stands of permanent trial plots are mature and overmature, therefore at present there is a loss of large-sized pine and larch trees. Due to greater durability, larch falls off more slowly compared to pine. Further growth of pine-linden and larch-linden plantations depends on quantity and quality of undergrowth, its viability and growing conditions. In Forest experimental station, natural renewal prevails, represented mainly by the following species: maple and linden. Saplings of pine, larch, oak, and birch appear on some permanent test plots, but soon die due to unfavorable conditions. Oak undergrowth is also unreliable due to powdery mildew infection. The greatest loss of growth occurs in unfavorable growing conditions due to increased recreational loads.Рассмотрены проблемы естественного возобновления древесных пород на примере сосново-­липовых и лиственнично-­липовых насаждений Лесной опытной дачи Тимирязевской сельскохозяйственной академии. Естественное возобновление древесных пород — одна из актуальнейших проблем ведения лесного и лесопаркового хозяйства на урбанизированных территориях. Лесовосстановление относится к сложным природным процессам, оказывающим влияние на все компоненты биогеоценозов. Цель исследования — изучение естественного возобновления в смешанных насаждениях в условиях Москвы. Описаны методы и результаты полевых обследований лесных насаждений постоянных пробных площадей. Древостои постоянных пробных площадей относятся к спелым и перестойным, поэтому в настоящее время наблюдается отпад крупномерных деревьев сосны и лиственницы. Ввиду большей долговечности лиственница отпадает медленнее по сравнению с сосной. Дальнейшая динамика сосново-­липовых и лиственнично-­липовых насаждений зависит от количества и качества подроста, а также показателей его жизнеспособности и условий произрастания. В Лесной опытной даче преобладает естественное возобновление, представленное, главным образом, следующими породами: кленом и липой. Всходы сосны, лиственницы, дуба, березы появляются на некоторых постоянных пробных площадях, но вскоре погибают из-за неблагоприятных условий. Подрост дуба также является неблагонадежным из-за поражения мучнистой росой. Наибольшие потери прироста подроста по высоте происходят в неблагоприятных условиях произрастания, в результате утраты жизнеспособности из-за повышенных рекреационных нагрузок