Polyploidization Facilitates Biotechnological In Vitro Techniques in the Genus Cucumis

Prezygotic interspecific crossability barrier in the genus Cucumis is related to the ploidy level of the species (cucumber (C. sativus), x = 7; muskmelon (C. melo) and wild Cucumis species, x = 12). Polyploidization of maternal plants helps hybridization among other Cucumis species by overcoming prezygotic genetic barriers. The main objective of this paper is to compare the results of several methods supporting interspecific crosses in cucumber without and with polyploidization (comparison between diploid (2x) and mixoploid (2x/4x) cucumber maternal plants). Mixoploid plants were obtained after in vivo and in vitro polyploidization by colchicine and oryzalin. Ploidy level was estimated by flow cytometry. Embryo rescue, in vitro pollination, and isolation of mesophyll protoplast were tested and compared. Positive effect of polyploidization was observed during all experiments presented by higher regeneration capacity of cultivated mixoploid cucumber embryos, ovules, and protoplasts. Nevertheless, the hybrid character of putative hybrid accessions obtained after cross in vivo and in vitro pollination was not confirmed

Evaluation of Brain Nuclear Medicine Imaging Tracers in a Murine Model of Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a set of widely used nuclear medicine imaging agents as possible methods to study the early effects of systemic inflammation on the living brain in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine systemic inflammation model was selected as a model of SAE. PROCEDURES: C57BL/6 mice were used. A multimodal imaging protocol was carried out on each animal 4 h following the intravenous administration of LPS using the following tracers: [(99m)Tc][2,2-dimethyl-3-[(3E)-3-oxidoiminobutan-2-yl]azanidylpropyl]-[(3E)-3-hyd roxyiminobutan-2-yl]azanide ([(99m)Tc]HMPAO) and ethyl-7-[(125)I]iodo-5-methyl-6-oxo-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine-3-carbox ylate ([(125)I]iomazenil) to measure brain perfusion and neuronal damage, respectively; 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) to measure cerebral glucose uptake. We assessed microglia activity on another group of mice using 2-[6-chloro-2-(4-[(125)I]iodophenyl)-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl -acetamide ([(125)I]CLINME). Radiotracer uptakes were measured in different brain regions and correlated. Microglia activity was also assessed using immunohistochemistry. Brain glutathione levels were measured to investigate oxidative stress. RESULTS: Significantly reduced perfusion values and significantly enhanced [(18)F]FDG and [(125)I]CLINME uptake was measured in the LPS-treated group. Following perfusion compensation, enhanced [(125)I]iomazenil uptake was measured in the LPS-treated group's hippocampus and cerebellum. In this group, both [(18)F]FDG and [(125)I]iomazenil uptake showed highly negative correlation to perfusion measured with ([(99m)Tc]HMPAO uptake in all brain regions. No significant differences were detected in brain glutathione levels between the groups. The CD45 and P2Y12 double-labeling immunohistochemistry showed widespread microglia activation in the LPS-treated group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that [(125)I]CLINME and [(99m)Tc]HMPAO SPECT can be used to detect microglia activation and brain hypoperfusion, respectively, in the early phase (4 h post injection) of systemic inflammation. We suspect that the enhancement of [(18)F]FDG and [(125)I]iomazenil uptake in the LPS-treated group does not necessarily reflect neural hypermetabolism and the lack of neuronal damage. They are most likely caused by processes emerging during neuroinflammation, e.g., microglia activation and/or immune cell infiltration

Subscription Models in Cinemas

Ve své práci se snažím porozumět filmovému průmyslu z pohledu distributorů a z pohledu kin. V první části se zaměřuji na to, jak se kina měnila s dobou, jakým výzvám čelila a jakým překážkám čelí dnes. Za poslední rok (2020/21) to byl hlavně Covid-19, jehož vliv ve své práci nechci a ani nemohu opomenout. Nicméně převážně se hodlám věnovat různým předplatitelským modelům, protože si myslím, že je to jedna z cest, jak zvýšit návštěvnost kin a ruku v ruce s tím i oblíbenost filmu jako takového

Design method for estimation of unit value of extrication works after an accident using selected special technologies for removing the traffic obstacle on a motorway

Tato diplomová práce je dílčí součástí celkového projektu na stanovení všeobecné metodiky výpočtu nákladů na vyproštění nákladního automobilu. Zabývá se legislativou související s vyproštěním nákladních vozidel, analýzou nákladů a vyčíslení nákladů v důsledku odtahů u vybrané speciální techniky po nehodě. Práce je vodítkem pro znalce z ústavu soudního inženýrství, kteří na základě podkladů mohou snadněji stanovit postup a jednotkovou cenu vyprošťovacích prací po nehodě. Poté se zrychlí určování této ceny např. při soudních jednání a vyplacení zisků odtahovým firmám.This thesis is a minor part of the overall project on the establishment of a general methodology of calculation of the cost of rescuing a lorry. It deals with legislation related to goods vehicle extrication, analysis of costs and costs as a result of exhausts for selected special equipment after an accident. The work is a guide for experts from the Institute of forensic engineering, on the basis of who can more easily establish a procedure and the unit price recovery work after the accident. Then speeds up determining the prices for example during the court proceedings and the payment of the profits of a business.

Validation of calculational determination of

Cyclotrons used to produce medical isotopes are relatively widespread. Nowadays, it is popular to place small and compact accelerators directly in hospitals. This approach simplifies handling of the produced radiopharmaceuticals, but it imposes strict radiation safety measures during production. For optimal utilization of isotope production cyclotrons, the exact knowledge of leakage neutron field is essential due to the deep penetration ability of the high energy neutrons and the accompanied secondary radiation production. Our paper presents measurement of the neutron leakage spectra for various angles from an open target assembly at the cyclotron U-120M at NPI of CAS. These spectra are compared with data obtained from a compact medical cyclotron IBA Cyclone 18/9 in UJV Rez and also with activation measurements of reactions with different threshold energies. All data were also compared with calculations made with different Monte Carlo codes using both models and data libraries. The preliminary results show significant disagreement between experiments and theoretical predictions. These findings could have implications not only to the nuclear data community but also to the production accelerators operators at the licensing stage

Recommended Nuclear Data for the Production of Selected Therapeutic Radionuclides

Increasing interest in the treatment of human disease by means of targeted radionuclide-based therapies requires an accurate understanding of achievable yields and quantification of realisable degrees of purity. Important studies within a more extensive Coordinated Research Project of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA CRP) have included in-depth assessments and evaluations of all available measured cross-section data for ten nuclear reactions leading to the formation of 131Cs, 131Ba, 225Ac, 225Ra, 227Th, 227Ac, 230U and 230Pa for various on-going and proposed therapeutic applications in nuclear medicine. Equivalent studies were also undertaken of possible reactions to produce the 178W/low-spin 178mTa generator system that has been clinically applied in diagnosis by means of SPECT - these particular cross-section studies and recommendations are included in this paper for completeness. All available measured data have been critically reviewed and assessed to produce statistically consistent datasets. Selected datasets have been fitted by a least-squares method with Padé approximations of variable order to evaluate the production cross sections and corresponding uncertainties. New measurements have been made in some instances, and reported data have been adjusted to accommodate new nuclear decay or monitor reaction data which altered the original reported quantities adversely. Insufficient measured data are available in many cases to permit a reliable evaluation of cross sections, and these instances are discussed. Recommended therapeutic radionuclide production reaction data and their uncertainties are available on the Web page of the IAEA Nuclear Data Section at www-nds.iaea.org/radionuclides/ and also at the IAEA medical portal www-nds.iaea.org/medportal/