Líderes com sabedoria prática=liderados mais propensos a “abrir o bico”

Dois estudos sugerem que os líderes dotados de maior sabedoria prática geram dois efeitos nas equipas: (1) os liderados sentem maior segurança psicológica para mostrarem o que realmente são e pensam e, por isso, (2) ficam mais propensos a expressar “voz” – ou seja, a “abrir o bico”. Esta propensão pode ser vantajosa para que o líder tome decisões mais judiciosas e as más práticas sejam evitadas.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

How the employees' perceptions of corporate social responsibility make them happier and psychologically stronger

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been studied primarily at the macro level, with few studies taking into account the individual level. Furthermore, there are calls for more investigation on the antecedents of employees’ psychological capital (PsyCap). This study bolsters both areas. The paper shows how the employees’ perceptions of CSR predict their PsyCap both directly and through the mediating roles of positive affect and the sense of meaningful work. Two hundred and seventy-nine employees participate. The study uses structural equation modeling to test the hypothesized model. The findings suggest that both positive affect and the sense of meaningful work partially mediate the relationship between the perceptions of CSR and PsyCap. The study helps to understand the underlying mechanisms linking CSR with outcomes at the individual level. Studying CSR at the individual level is valuable for both academic and practical reasons

Rethinking the employees’ perceptions of corporate citizenship dimensionalization

The paper suggests that the four-factor model of corporate citizenship (CC: economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary responsibilities) does not fairly represent all pertinent dimensions of employees‟ CC perceptions. Based on an empirical study with a sample of 316 employees, we show that, at least in some contexts, individuals distinguish seven CC dimensions: (1) economic responsibilities toward customers; (2) economic responsibilities toward owners; (3) legal responsibilities; (4) ethical responsibilities; (5) discretionary responsibilities toward employees; (6) discretionary responsibilities toward the community; (7) discretionary responsibilities toward the natural environment. We do not suggest that this seven-factor model represents all of the (more) relevant CC dimensions in the employees‟ minds. We aim to share evidence showing that the four-factor model proposed by Maignan et al. (1999, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 27(4), 455–469) may be refined, at least when the employees are the stakeholders in question.This study was carried out with support of Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Program: POPH – QREN – SFRH/PROTEC/49930/200

I feel psychologically stronger when my organization is socially responsible

Literature suggests that psychological capital (PsyCap: self-efficacy, hope, optimism, resilience; Luthans et al., 2007) relates positively with important employee attitudes (e.g., organizational commitment), and multiple measures of performance, and negatively with undesirable attitudes (e.g., turnover intentions) and behaviors (e.g., deviance). However, few studies have considered the antecedents of this construct. Moreover, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been primarily studied at the macro level, few studies having taken into account the individual level (Aguinis & Glavas, 2012). Adopting an individual level of analysis, this paper shows how the employees’ perceptions of CSR predict their PsyCap both directly and through the mediating role of positive affect and the sense of meaningful work.Two hundred and seventy-nine individuals (45% female; mean age: 37.3 years), working in 21 organizations operating in several sectors participated. The measures are: (a) perceptions of CSR (forty 7-point scales from Rego et al., 2011), (b) sense of meaningful work (four 5-point scalessuggested by Fry et al., 2005), (c) positive affect (three items adapted from Turban et al., 2009), and (d) PsyCap (twenty-four items from Luthans et al., 2007). Confirmatory factor analysis assessed the validity of the scales, and structural equation modeling was carried out to test the hypothesized model. The hypothesized model fits the data satisfactorily (e.g., RMSEA: 0.06), all paths being significant. The findings suggest that both positive affect and the sense of meaningful work partially mediate the relationship between the perceptions of CSR and PsyCap. They also suggest that the employees’ perceived inconsistency about several CSR dimensions may be detrimental to their sense of meaningful work, positive affect and PsyCap.The paper suggests that organizations may promote employees’ PsyCap by investing in CSR practices and ensuring that their employees perceive such practices. The paper contributes to understanding (a) the underlying mechanisms linking CSR with outcomes at individual level and (b) how organizations can harmonize organizational and employees’ interests/aims.N/

As perceções de responsabilidade social como preditoras do capital psicológico:o papel mediador dos afetos positivos e do sentido de significado no trabalho

A responsabilidade social das empresas (RSE) tem sido estudada sobretudo ao nível macro, poucos estudos tomando em consideração o nível individual. Ademais, têm surgido solicitações para aprofundar o estudo dos antecedentes do capital psicológico (PsyCap). O presente trabalho responde a essas solicitações. Nele mostra-se como as perceções dos colaboradores quanto à RSE predizem o PsyCap tanto diretamente quanto através do papel mediador dos afetos positivos e do sentido de significado no trabalho. Inquiriu-se uma amostra de 279 indivíduos (45% do género feminino), trabalhando em 21 organizações portuguesas. O modelo é testado através dos modelos de equações estruturais. Os resultados sugerem que tanto os afetos positivos quanto o sentido de significado no trabalho medeiam parcialmente a relação entre as perceções de RSE e o PsyCap. O estudo ajuda a compreender os mecanismos subjacentes às consequências da RSE ao nível individual

Exploring contradictions through an empirical study

grant nr. LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007722.We explored the attitudes toward older workers of African versus Portuguese managers, and how these managers make HRM decisions in scenarios involving younger versus older workers. To make cultural, social, and institutional explanations more robust, we also included two samples of students attending Portuguese universities: one sample comprising African students, the other comprising Portuguese ones. The main findings were: (a) a three-factor model (conscientiousness and performance; social capital and generosity; adaptability) of attitudes toward older workers emerged as satisfactory across the four samples; (b) in comparison with the Portuguese participants, African individuals expressed more positive attitudes toward older workers while, at the same time, discriminated against older workers more; (c) the findings were almost identical for both managers and students. Although African individuals showed more positive attitudes toward older workers than did the Portuguese, they made more discriminatory decisions in the HRM scenarios. We suggest that this contradiction may emerge from dualities characterizing Africa.preprintpublishe

A dive into the bath: embedded 3D bioprinting of freeform in vitro models

Designing functional, vascularized, human scale in vitro models with biomimetic architectures and multiple cell types is a highly promising strategy for both a better understanding of natural tissue/organ development stages to inspire regenerative medicine, and to test novel therapeutics on personalized microphysiological systems. Extrusion-based 3D bioprinting is an effective biofabrication technology to engineer living constructs with predefined geometries and cell patterns. However, bioprinting high-resolution multilayered structures with mechanically weak hydrogel bioinks is challenging. The advent of embedded 3D bioprinting systems in recent years offered new avenues to explore this technology for in vitro modeling. By providing a stable, cell-friendly and perfusable environment to hold the bioink during and after printing, it allows to recapitulate native tissues’ architecture and function in a well-controlled manner. Besides enabling freeform bioprinting of constructs with complex spatial organization, support baths can further provide functional housing systems for their long-term in vitro maintenance and screening. This minireview summarizes the recent advances in this field and discuss the enormous potential of embedded 3D bioprinting technologies as alternatives for the automated fabrication of more biomimetic in vitro models.The authors acknowledge the financial support from Project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER 000021 supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the European Union Framework Program for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020, under European Research Council Grant Agreement 772817 and 101069302, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) for the for Contract 2020.03410.CEECIND (to R. M. A. D.) and Wi-Pi project 2022.05526.PTDC. The schematics of the Table of Contents graphic was created with BioRender.com

Large pension funds and the corporate governance pratices of brazilian companies

We do not find any consistent evidence that the presence of the largest Brazilian pension funds as relevant shareholders is associated to higher corporate governance scores by public Brazilian companies. Even though companies with institutional investors as relevant shareholders presented a higher average corporate governance score than other companies, they were also larger and had greater past profitability than other companies, which are common attributes of firms with better corporate governance according to the literature. The impact of Brazilian institutional investors on the corporate governance quality of their investees is either negligible or cannot be captured by the proxies we employed. Finally, we note that these two pension funds may represent the policy and political views of the incumbent Brazilian government and that the actions of their board appointees may or not reflect what is understood as good corporate governance practices. KEYWORDS: institutional investors; pension funds; corporate governance.Não encontramos nenhuma comprovação consistente de que a presença dos maiores fundos de pensão brasileiros como acionistas importantes está associada a escores de maior governança corporativa por parte de empresas brasileiras públicas. Apesar das empresas que têm investidores institucionais como acionistas importantes terem apresentado um escore de governança corporativa mais elevado do que o de outras empresas, elas também são maiores e, no passado, tiveram lucro mais expressivo do que outras empresas, o que são atributos comuns de empresas com melhor governança corporativa, segundo a literatura. O impacto dos investidores institucionais brasileiros na qualidade da governança corporativa de suas participadas é desprezível ou não pode ser captado pelos parâmetros que utilizamos. Por fim, observamos que estes dois fundos de pensão podem representar a política e as visões políticas do governo brasileiro candidato à reeleição e que as ações dos indicados pela junta talvez não reflitam o que é entendido como boas práticas de governança

Structural changes in intestinal enteroendocrine cells after ileal interposition in normal rats

INTRODUCTION: No therapeutic approach has significantly impacted the progression of diabetes. As early improvement of glicaemic control is observed after bariatric surgeries, there is currently a search for surgical procedures that can promote euglycemia also in non-obese patients. Glicaemic control can be achieved by increasing the blood concentration of GLP-1, a hormone produced by L cells that are more densely concentrated in the terminal ileum. The interposition of ileal segment to a more anterior region (proximal jejunum) can promote a greater stimulation of the L cells by poorly digested food, increasing the production of GLP-1 and reflecting on glicaemic control.
AIMS: To investigate long-term histological modifications of intestinal mucosa of rats submitted to interposition of ileum segment to a proximal region (jejunum).
METHODS: Forty 8-week old male Wistar-EPM1 rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were randomly distributed into 3 groups: the Interposition Group (IG) was subjected to ileal interposition, the Sham Group (SG) was subjected to sham operations, and the Control Group (CG) was not subjected to surgery. All animals were followed until the 60th postoperative day (8 postoperative week) when they were euthanized. Segments of jejunum and ileum from all groups were collected and analyzed by optical microscopy and immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: No structural nor histological changes in intestinal L cells in the interposed intestinal segment and other intestinal segments were noted after ileal interposition surgery. 
CONCLUSION: As L cells endocrine characteristics were likely maintained, the use of metabolic surgical techniques for the treatment of metabolic diseases, especially diabetes, seems to be justified

Preferential oxidation of CO (CO-PROX) over CuOx/CeO2 coated microchannel reactor

The general aspects of the synthesis and characterization results of a CuOx/CeO2 catalyst were presented. In addition the principal steps for manufacturing a microchannel reactor and for the coating of the CuOx/CeO2 catalyst onto the microchannels walls, were also summarized. The catalytic activity of this microchannel reactor during the preferential oxidation of CO (CO-PROX) was evaluated employing a feed-stream that simulates a reformate off-gas after the WGS unit. Two activation atmospheres were studied (H2/N2 and O2/N 2). The reducing pretreatment improved the resistance to deactivation by formation of carbonaceous species over the catalyst surface at high temperatures. The presence of H2O and CO2 in the feed-stream was also analyzed indicating that the adsorption of CO2 inhibited the conversion of CO at lower temperatures because these compounds modified the active sites through the formation of carbonaceous species on the catalyst surface. Finally, the experimental results of the microreactor performance were compared with CFD simulations that were carried out using a kinetic for the CuOx/CeO2 powder catalyst. The experimental results were reasonably well described by the model, thus confirming its validity.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación ENE2009-14522-C05-01, ENE2009-14522-C05-03Junta de Andalucía P09-TEP-545