Junior agricultural extension work

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An electronic healthcare record server implemented in PostgreSQL

This paper describes the implementation of an Electronic Healthcare Record server inside a PostgreSQL relational database without dependency on any further middleware infrastructure. The five-part international standard for communicating healthcare records (ISO EN 13606) is used as the information basis for the design of the server. We describe some of the features that this standard demands that are provided by the server, and other areas where assumptions about the durability of communications or the presence of middleware lead to a poor fit. Finally, we discuss the use of the server in two real-world scenarios including a commercial application

How Will the General Data Protection Regulation Affect Healthcare?

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Analyse expérimentale du biais de négligence de la corrélation dans un contexte de sondage pré-électoral

L’objectif de ce mémoire est de mieux comprendre un des biais cognitifs susceptibles d’affecter le pouvoir prédictif des sondages : le biais de négligence de la corrélation. Intuitivement, le biais de négligence de la corrélation est une simplification du processus de décision chez les votants qui les amène à ignorer la corrélation entre leurs préférences électorales et les coûts de participation au vote. Afin d’analyser ce biais, nous avons conduit une expérience consistant en une série de questions-réponses sous la forme de sondages. Les participants se réfèrent à un ensemble d’informations sur les gains et les coûts rattachés à leurs choix de vote. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que le biais de négligence envers la corrélation affecte significativement les réponses des participants aux questions de sondage. De plus, certaines caractéristiques socioéconomiques des participants semblent augmenter la probabilité de souffrir du biais. Enfin, l’analyse des données recueillies lors de l’expérience montre que la mesure proposée du biais n’était pas calculable pour certaines observations car les participants avaient effectué des choix certains

The other side of the coin: harm due to the non-use of health-related data

ABSTRACT Objectives It is widely acknowledged that breaches and misuses of health-related data can have serious implications and consequently they often carry penalties. However, harm due to the omission of health data usage, or data non use, is a subject that lacks attention. A better understanding of this other side of the coin is required before it can be addressed effectively. Approach This article uses an international case study approach to explore why data non use is difficult to ascertain, the sources and types of health-related data non-use, its implications for citizens and society and some of the reasons it occurs. It does this by focussing on issues with clinical care records, research data and governance frameworks and associated examples of non-use. Results The non-use of health-related data is a complex issue with multiple sources and reasons contributing to it. Instances of data non-use can be associated with harm, but taken together they describe a trail of data non-use, and this may complicate and compound its impacts. Actual evidence of data non-use is sparse and harm due to data non use is difficult to prove. But although it can be nebulous, it is a real problem with largely unquantifiable consequences. There is ample indirect evidence that health data non-use is implicated in the deaths of many thousands of people and potentially £billions in financial burdens to societies. Conclusion The most effective initiatives to address specific contexts of data non-use will be those that are cognisant of the multiple aspects to this complex issue, in order to move towards socially responsible reuse of data becoming the norm to save lives and resources

Phospholenes from Phosphabenzenes by Selective Ring Contraction

A 3-aminofunctionalized phosphabenzene (phosphinine) was synthesized and structurally characterized. The pyramidalized nitrogen atom of the dimethylamino substituent indicates only a weak interaction between the lone pair of the nitrogen atom and the aromatic phosphorus heterocycle, resulting in somewhat basic character. It turned out that the amino group can indeed be protonated by HCl. In contrast to pyridines, however, the phosphabenzene-ammonium salt undergoes a selective ring contraction to form a hydroxylphospholene oxide in the presence of additional water. Based on deuterium labelling experiments and quantum chemical calculations, a rational mechanism for this hitherto unknown conversion is proposed

Triple dehydrofluorination as a route to amidine-functionalized, aromatic phosphorus heterocycles

An unexpected route to hitherto unknown amidine-functionalized phosphinines has been developed that is rapid and simple. Starting from primary amines and CF3-substituted λ3,σ2-phosphinines, a cascade of dehydrofluorination reactions leads selectively to ortho-amidinephosphinines. DFT calculations reveal that this unusual transformation can take place via a series of nucleophilic attacks at the electrophilic, low-coordinate phosphorus atom

mRNA Structural Constraints on EBNA1 Synthesis Impact on In Vivo Antigen Presentation and Early Priming of CD8(+) T Cells

Recent studies have shown that virally encoded mRNA sequences of genome maintenance proteins from herpesviruses contain clusters of unusual structural elements, G-quadruplexes, which modulate viral protein synthesis. Destabilization of these G-quadruplexes can override the inhibitory effect on self-synthesis of these proteins. Here we show that the purine-rich repetitive mRNA sequence of Epstein-Barr virus encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) comprising G-quadruplex structures, limits both the presentation of MHC class I-restricted CD8(+) T cell epitopes by CD11c(+) dendritic cells in draining lymph nodes and early priming of antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cells. Destabilization of the G-quadruplex structures through codon-modification significantly enhanced in vivo antigen presentation and activation of virus-specific T cells. Ex vivo imaging of draining lymph nodes by confocal microscopy revealed enhanced antigen-specific T-cell trafficking and APC-CD8(+) T-cell interactions in mice primed with viral vectors encoding a codon-modified EBNA1 protein. More importantly, these antigen-specific T cells displayed enhanced expression of the T-box transcription factor and superior polyfunctionality consistent with the qualitative impact of translation efficiency. These results provide an important insight into how viruses exploit mRNA structure to down regulate synthesis of their viral maintenance proteins and delay priming of antigen-specific T cells, thereby establishing a successful latent infection in vivo. Furthermore, targeting EBNA1 mRNA rather than protein by small molecules or antisense oligonucleotides will enhance EBNA1 synthesis and the early priming of effector T cells, to establish a more rapid immune response and prevent persistent infection

Early maturation and substance use across adolescence and young adulthood : A longitudinal study of Finnish twins

Early maturation, indexed by pubertal development (PD), has been associated with earlier initiation and greater frequency of adolescent substance use, but this relationship may be biased by confounding factors and effects that change across development. Using a population-based Finnish twin sample (N = 3,632 individuals), we conducted twin modeling and multilevel structural equation modeling of the relationship between PD and substance use at ages 12-22. Shared environmental factors contributed to early PD and heavier substance use for females. Biological father absence was associated with early PD for boys but not girls, and did not account for the relationship between PD and substance use. The association between early PD and heavier substance use was partially due to between-family confounds, although early PD appeared to qualitatively alter long-term trajectories for some substances (nicotine), but not others (alcohol). Mediation by peer and parental factors did not explain this relationship within families. However, higher peer substance use and lower parental monitoring were themselves associated with heavier substance use, strengthening the existing evidence for these factors as targets for prevention/intervention efforts. Early maturation was not supported as a robust determinant of alcohol use trajectories in adolescence and young adulthood, but may require longer term follow-up. Subtle effects of early PD on nicotine and illicit drug use trajectories throughout adolescence and adulthood merit further investigation.Peer reviewe

Ambivalenzen der Förderung. Erziehungs- und Lernbegleitung für Kinder, Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene durch studentische Mentorinnen und Mentoren

Bezogen auf vier universitäre Projektkonzepte untersucht der Beitrag Dokumentations- und Reflexionsprozesse studentischer Mentorinnen und Mentoren auf wahrgenommene Ambivalenzen, die sich in Projektkonzeptionen, in Mentoringprozessen und in der reflexiven Projektbegleitung zeigen. Insbesondere die Normierung der Zielgruppen und der dadurch unterstellte Unterstützungsbedarf erweisen sich als stark wirkende Auslöser einer professionsbezogenen Auseinandersetzung mit Ambivalenzen im Kontext des Förderns. (DIPF/Orig.