Jonathan Dickinson and the Formative Years of American Presbyterianism

During the eighteenth century Presbyterians of the Middle Colonies were separated by divergent allegiances, mostly associated with groups migrating from New England with an English Puritan background and from northern Ireland with a Scotch-lrish tradition. Those differences led first to a fiery ordeal of ecclesiastical controversy and then to a spiritual awakening and a blending of diversity into a new order, American Presbyterianism. Several men stand out not only for having been tested by this ordeal but also for having made real contributions to the new order that arose from the controversy. The most important of these was Jonathan Dickinson. Bryan Le Beau has written the first book on Dickinson, whom historians have called the most powerful mind in his generation of American divines. One of the founders of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) and its first president, Dickinson was a central figure during the First Great Awakening and one of the leading lights of colonial religious life. Le Beau examines Dickinson\u27s writings and actions, showing him to have been a driving force in forming the American Presbyterian Church, accommodating diverse traditions in the early church, and resolving the classic dilemma of American religious history—the simultaneous longing for freedom of conscience and the need for order. This account of Dickinson\u27s life and writings provides a rare window into a time of intense turmoil and creativity in American religious history. Bryan F. LeBeau, chair of the Department of History and director of the Center for the Study of Religion and Society at Creighton University, is the author of Frederic Henry Hedge: Nineteenth-Century American Transcendentalist. Le Beau has carefully blended Dickinson into both the spirit and the substance of his times to produce a much-needed study of a key figure. —Journal of American History A welcome addition to the literature, not only because Le Beau has produced a solid biography but because he also explores the broader intellectual milieu of Dickenson and provides a context for Dickinson\u27s effort to guide Presbyterianism through a series of religious and theological controversies. —Journal of American History Both an intellectual biography of Dickinson as well as an intellectual history of some of the most important disputes in colonial religious life. —Journal of Religious History LeBeau\u27s judicious appraisals of this issues will serve to enlighten scholars regarding the role of Jonathan Dickinson in the history of the Presbyterian Church. . . . an invaluable resource. —Journal of the Early Republic A substantial contribution to scholarship on American Presbyterianism and, more generally, to the intellectual history of American religion. —Joyce D. Goodfriend An intellectual biography of one of the most important but overlooked figures in colonial American religious and intellectual history. —Religious Studies Review A solid, illuminating account of Dickinson\u27s ministry and intellectual pilgrimage. . . . a good biography if a consequential colonial divine who is past due for this careful attention. —William and Mary Quarterlyhttps://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_history_of_religion/1010/thumbnail.jp

Analysis of Plume Impingement Effects from Orion Crew Service Module Dual Reaction Control System Engine Firings

Plume impingement effects on the Orion Crew Service Module (CSM) were analyzed for various dual Reaction Control System (RCS) engine firings and various configurations of the solar arrays. The study was performed using a decoupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) approach. This approach included a single jet plume solution for the R1E RCS engine computed with the General Aerodynamic Simulation Program (GASP) CFD code. The CFD solution was used to create an inflow surface for the DSMC solution based on the Bird continuum breakdown parameter. The DSMC solution was then used to model the dual RCS plume impingement effects on the entire CSM geometry with deployed solar arrays. However, because the continuum breakdown parameter of 0.5 could not be achieved due to geometrical constraints and because high resolution in the plume shock interaction region is desired, a focused DSMC simulation modeling only the plumes and the shock interaction region was performed. This high resolution intermediate solution was then used as the inflow to the larger DSMC solution to obtain plume impingement heating, forces, and moments on the CSM and the solar arrays for a total of 21 cases that were analyzed. The results of these simulations were used to populate the Orion CSM Aerothermal Database

Efficacité de la technique d'induction florale d'Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. au moyen de charbon actif enrichi à l'éthylène (TIFBio)

Efficiency of the Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. flower induction treatment based on ethylene enriched activated carbon (TIFBio). Pineapple is an important export crop for tropical countries. The flower induction treatments are essential to the pineapple production for economical and social reasons. For conventional agriculture, many chemicals are available but for organic farming ethylene is the only allowed product. A new flower induction method suited to small organic growers has been developed by the Pesticides Initiative Programme of the Coleacp funded by the European Development Fund. The trials conducted proved that the method reaches more than 80% efficiency at 10 weeks for the different application methods evaluated. The wet application trials show a doses response effect as well as effect of the application replication at 2 days interval. The flowering rate culminates at 100% after 8 weeks for the best results, obtained with the wet treatment at 250 mg per plant applied two times at 2 days interval. The different dry treatments tested gave all 85 – 90% flowering rates at 10 weeks, suggesting the presence of an undetermined limitation factor in the conditions prevailing for the trial. The time of application during the day shows no significant effect. It is concluded that the growers can use the TIFBio technique for production control. It is recommended to evaluate the most suited application technique according to their particular case as environmental effect can affect the efficiency

Sollicitations sismiques dues aux exploitations minières : amplification des ondes en surface (et vibrations des structures)

National audienceL'objectif de ce travail est d'analyser l'impact des secousses induites par les exploitations minières sur les structures situées en surface. Du fait des conditions géologiques locales, le mouvement créé par les secousses peut parfois être amplifié de façon importante en surface (effet de site). A partir d'une modélisation numérique du problème, l'amplification du mouvement est analysée pour différentes formes de remplissages sédimentaires et des contrastes de propriétés entre couches variables. Les valeurs de fréquences fondamentales (i.e amplification maximale) sont comparées à des résultats antérieurs

Small bowel stromal tumour revealed by a lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Small bowel stromal tumour must be systematically researched in the presence of obscure and persistent low gastrointestinal bleeding despite a normal endoscopic examination (OGDF and colonoscopy). Video capsule endoscopy is the best diagnosis examination; if it is not available a CT enterography could be useful. Surgical treatment is effective on localized and weak malignancy small bowel stromal tumours

‘Stick that knife in me’: Shane Meadows’ children

This article brings Shane Meadows’ Dead Man's Shoes (2004) into dialogue with the history of the depiction of the child on film. Exploring Meadows’ work for its complex investment in the figure of the child on screen, it traces the limits of the liberal ideology of the child in his cinema and the structures of feeling mobilised by its uses – at once aesthetic and sociological – of technologies of vision

A new liver perfusion and preservation system for transplantation Research in large animals

A kidney perfusion machine, model MOX-100 (Waters Instruments, Ltd, Rochester, MN) was modified to allow continuous perfusion of the portal vein and pulsatile perfusion of the hepatic artery of the liver. Additional apparatus consists of a cooling system, a membrane oxygenator, a filter for foreign bodies, and bubble traps. This system not only allows hypothermic perfusion preservation of the liver graft, but furthermore enables investigation of ex vivo simulation of various circulatory circumstances in which physiological perfusion of the liver is studied. We have used this system to evaluate the viability of liver allografts preserved by cold storage. The liver was placed on the perfusion system and perfused with blood with a hematocrit of approximately 20% and maintained at 37°C for 3 h. The flows of the hepatic artery and portal vein were adjusted to 0.33 mL and 0.67 mL/g of liver tissue, respectively. Parameters of viability consisted of hourly bile output, oxygen consumption, liver enzymes, electrolytes, vascular resistance, and liver histology. This method of liver assessment in large animals will allow the objective evaluation of organ viability for transplantation and thereby improve the outcome of organ transplantation. Furthermore, this pump enables investigation into the pathophysiology of liver ischemia and preservation. © 1990 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted

GABA-enhanced collective behavior in neuronal axons underlies persistent gamma-frequency oscillations

Gamma (30–80 Hz) oscillations occur in mammalian electroencephalogram in a manner that indicates cognitive relevance. In vitro models of gamma oscillations demonstrate two forms of oscillation: one occurring transiently and driven by discrete afferent input and the second occurring persistently in response to activation of excitatory metabotropic receptors. The mechanism underlying persistent gamma oscillations has been suggested to involve gap-junctional communication between axons of principal neurons, but the precise relationship between this neuronal activity and the gamma oscillation has remained elusive. Here we demonstrate that gamma oscillations coexist with high-frequency oscillations (>90 Hz). High-frequency oscillations can be generated in the axonal plexus even when it is physically isolated from pyramidal cell bodies. They were enhanced in networks by nonsomatic -aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor activation, were modulated by perisomatic GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic input to principal cells, and provided the phasic input to interneurons required to generate persistent gamma-frequency oscillations. The data suggest that high-frequency oscillations occurred as a consequence of random activity within the axonal plexus. Interneurons provide a mechanism by which this random activity is both amplified and organized into a coherent network rhythm