On the continuity of lyapunov exponents of random walks in random potentials

We consider a simple random walk in an i.i.d. non-negative potential on the d-dimensional integer lattice, $d\geq 3$. We study the quenched Lyapunov exponents, and present a probabilistic proof of its continuity when the potentials converge in distribution.Comment: 24

Board Gender Diversity, Bank Risk and Performance: Evidence from Vietnam

The focus of this article is on the correlation between board diversity, financial performance, and risk. In particular, the study examines the presence of female and foreign directors on corporate boards. The research uses a sample of 15 Vietnamese listed banks during 2014-2020. The findings indicate that the number of female directors on boards does not have a significant relationship with bank performance or risk. Additionally, the study reveals a negative relationship between the presence of foreign directors and bank risk.   CITE THIS PAPER: Hong, L. T. T.; Ngan, C. T. T. (2023). “Board Gender Diversity, Bank Risk and Performance: Evidence from Vietnam” Journal of World Economy: Transformations & Transitions (JOWETT) 3(06):26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52459/jowett3626052

On the Governance of Innovation: Institutional Ownership vs. Stock Price

Firms can change their outstanding shares to manage their stock price levels. Those with lower stock prices tend to attract more speculative trading, which causes higher price volatility and may force their managers to excessively focus on short-term earnings at the expense of R&D and other long-term projects. Thus, I hypothesize that keeping high stock price levels allows firms to (i) limit speculative traders’ influences on stock prices and thus mitigate investor short-termism, and (ii) enhance R&D productivity. Indeed, I find that high-priced firms are less likely to cut R&D to reverse an earnings decline, less likely to fire their CEOs, and have more innovation. All these findings are robust after controlling for institutional ownership, a factor that has been shown in the literature to have a correlation with share price and also have a significant impact on R&D policies and innovation. For robustness checks, I examine stock splits, which allow mangers to re-set their stock price levels, and IPOs in which managers set an offering price range before shares are publicly traded. Consistent with my hypothesis, I discover that innovative firms are less likely to split their stocks, and that innovation declines after firms split their stocks. Furthermore, IPO firms that set higher offering prices, not those that attract more institutional ownership, have more future innovation. Thus, the results imply that, rather than being “forced” or “assured” by institutional investors to innovate as the extant literature suggests, managers of innovative firms actively support high stock price levels to foster innovation

STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATION POSIBILITY AS SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS CATHODE MATERIALS OF (La2NiO4±δ)1-x(BaTiO3)x(x=0.0-0.5) COMPOSITES

(La2NiO4±δ)1-x(BaTiO3)x (LNO/BTO), x=0.0, 0.05, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 composites were prepared and investigated in structure and electrical properties. Single phase La2NiO4±δ component was obtained by sintering at 1000 oC during 12 h in air. Electrical conductivity was measured by 4-point probe method in wide temperature region above room temperature. Experiment showed that the highest conductivity was obtained in x=0.3 composite sample. Glass shell-nanocrystallite core structure of grains plays important role for this conducting enhancement. Conducting behavior of composites change from metal to semiconductor in the temperature interval of 400 to 700 oC. The LNO/BTO systems with acceptable electrical conductivity in such temperature interval are suitable for making cathode materials in solid oxide fuel cells

THE ACTUALITY OF THE INSURANCE MARKET IN VIETNAM

With the current socio-economic development, insurance is gradually becoming an important and essential service. A developed insurance market will ensure social and financial security for individuals and businesses. In recent years, the insurance market has not developed stably. The author focuses on analyzing the current situation of the insurance market in 2022 and 2023 according to the following criteria: Insurance enterprise size, insurance revenue, insurance premium revenue, investment revenue, financial capacity … The author also proposed solutions to develop the insurance market in the coming time for the State and insurance businesses

관광-농촌 개발 넥서스에 촌민의 참여: 베트남의 비엣하이 (Viet Hai) 사례연구

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 사회과학대학 지리학과, 2020. 8. Edo Andriesse.The study examines local involvement in tourism activities and rural development in Viet Hai, a remote, rural commune of Vietnam. Rather than exploring community participation in tourism planning as other research, this thesis focuses on village engagement in tourism employment, in consideration of the process of rural development and rural transformation. Qualitative research methods were conducted, consisting of archival studies, direct participant observation at the village, and a total of 40 in-depth local interviews: 32 villagers, 3 local government officials, and 5 tourists. The fieldwork results reveal the following two main findings. Firstly, in general, local community takes part in tourism activities in three different forms, namely direct involvement, indirect involvement and non-involvement. Although tourism has developed for almost 20 years, only a small number of local people and local households are considered as directly involved because they directly provide services for tourists such as accommodation and transportation. These directly involved households are members of a community-based tourism program (CBT) which was established to gather local tourism businesses together and encourage them to support each other. A majority of local people and local households in Viet Hai fall under indirect and non-involvement in tourism activities which reflects the low engagement in tourism employment in the village. The difference in geographical acting space (referring to external social networks) and bonding social capital under the form of family and kinship network (as pertaining to internal social networks) are more likely to be the determining factors that prevent the engagement of a majority of local villagers in tourism activities. Secondly, tourism has offered both financial and non-financial benefits to local development, highlighting the role of tourism in diversifying rural occupation, rural income in the process of rural transformation. However, the benefits of tourism development are unequally distributed among local villagers, leading to the disparity of living standards between different groups in the village. Most of the benefits go to families directly involved in tourism activities through running their own businesses such as homestays, restaurants, and driver services. Meanwhile, local villagers who are not engaged in tourism activities or indirectly joining tourism, experience more vulnerability due to unsustainable sources of income, lack of savings, and geographical isolation. These results raise concerns about inclusive development in rural areas in Viet Hai and other developing countries. Keyword: rural tourism, rural development, community-based tourism (CBT), geographical acting space, bonding social capital, kinship.이 연구는 베트남의 외딴 시골 공동체인 비엣하이 지역의 관광 활동과 농촌 개발(rural development)에 대한 지역적 관여를 조사한다. 본 논문은 다른 연구만큼 관광 계획에 대한 지역사회 참여를 탐구하기보다는 농촌의 발전과 농촌의 변혁 과정을 고려해 관광고용에 대한 마을참여에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 정성적 연구방법은 아카이브 연구와 마을 직접 참여자 관찰로 구성됐으며, 총 40명을 심층 현지 인터뷰가 진행됐으며, 촌민32명, 관계자 3명, 관광객 5명 등이었다. 조사 결과는 다음과 같은 두 가지 주요 결과로 나타난다. 첫째로, 일반적으로 지방 촌민은 직접 가입, 간접 가입, 불개입의 세 가지 형태로 관광 활동에 참여하고 있다. 관광이 20년동안 발전했지만 숙소·교통 등 관광객을 위한 서비스를 직접 제공하기 때문에 직접 가입하는 촌민과 지역 가구는 극소수에 불과하다는 평가를 받고 있다. 이들 직접 관련된 가구는 지역 관광 사업을 함께 모아 서로 지원하도록 유도하기 위해 설립된 공동체 기반 관광 프로그램의 일원이다. 비엣하이의 대다수의 현지인들과 현지 가정들은 관광 활동에 간접적이고 무관심하게 참여하는데, 이는 비엣하이의 관광 고용에 대한 낮은 참여도를 반영한다. 가족 및 친족 네트워크(내부 소셜 네트워크와 관련) 형태의 지리적 행위 공간(외부 소셜 네트워크 참조)과 사회적 자본의 결합(내부 소셜 네트워크와 관련됨)의 차이는 지역 주민의 대다수가 관광 활동에 참여하는 것을 막는 결정적인 요인이 될 가능성이 높다. 둘째, 관광은 지역 발전에 재정적, 비재무적 이익을 모두 제공함으로써 농촌의 변화 과정에서 농촌의 직업, 농촌의 소득을 다양화하는 관광의 역할을 부각시키고 있다. 그러나 관광개발의 혜택은 지역 마을 주민들 사이에 확연히 분포되어 있어 마을 내 각 집단 간의 생활수준의 불균형이 초래되고 있다. 대부분의 혜택은 홈스테이 (homestay), 레스토랑, 교통 서비스 등 자체 사업을 운영해 관광 활동에 직접 참여하는 가족들에게 돌아간다. 한편 관광 활동을 하지 않거나 간접적으로 관광에 참여하지 않는 지역 주민들은 지속할 수 없는 수입원, 저축 부족, 지리적인 고립 등으로 인해 더 많은 취약성을 경험하게 된다. 이러한 결과는 비엣하이와 다른 개발도상국들의 농촌 지역에서의 포괄적 발전에 대한 우려를 불러일으킨다. 키워드: 농촌 관광, 지방 개발, 농촌 변화, 커뮤니티 기반 관광(CBT), 지리적 공간, 결속적 사회자본, 친족(친척)Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1. Research background, research objectives, and research questions 1 1.2. Research methods 7 1.3. Organization of thesis 11 Chapter 2 Rural development and tourism relationship 13 2.1. The linkage between tourism and rural development 13 2.2. Explanatory variables: geographical acting space (GAS) and bonding social capital under the form of family and kinship network 28 2.3. Analytical framework 34 Chapter 3 Case study introduction 36 3.1. Rural and tourism in Vietnam 36 3.2. Viet Hai commune, Hai Phong city 46 Chapter 4 Local involvement in tourism employment in Viet Hai 59 4.1. Village engagement in tourism employment 59 4.2. Geographical acting space (GAS); family and kinship networks 67 Chapter 5 Contribution of tourism to local, rural development 89 5.1. Community based tourism, effective or not? 90 5.2. Economic contribution 94 5.3. Non-economic contribution 103 5.4. Disparities in living standard 105 Chapter 6 Conclusion and discussion 112 6.1. Key findings, contribution and policy recommendations of the study 112 6.2. Further discussions and future research 116 Bibliography 122 Abstract in Korean 146 Acknowledgements 148 Appendixes 149Maste

Identifying the Need for Self-Management Education in Adult Patients with Type-2 Diabetes in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

The purpose of this thesis project was to identify the need for self-management through investigating the existing knowledge about diabetes self-care and their perception of diabetic control in adult patients with type-2 diabetes Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The 16-Item Diabetes Self Management Questionnaire (Schmitt et al., 2013) and a cross-sectional design was used in this study to explore the diabetes self management related to four subscales such as glucose management, dietary control, physical activity, health-care use and a sum scale as the perception of diabetic control among fifty five participants who were diagnosed with type-2 diabetes in Tan Phu District Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City. The study found that the age of the participants ranged from 40 to 83 years old, and the average age was 62 years old with more female (65.5%) than male (34.5%). They all had formal schooling at least elementary level, and 27.4% had higher education level (university or higher). The majority of them were retired (65.5%). The participants were all diagnosed with type-2 diabetes and their diabetes duration ranged from 1 to 30 years. The findings showed that respondents’ knowledge about diabetes self- management seemed overall to be sufficient since the mode of each item showed that they positively understood and applied the facts which were appropriate for their diabetes self-care activities. Then, the last item included as an overall sum scale varied by the demographic characteristics to generally explore participants’ perception of diabetic control. In general, the findings showed that most of the participants agreed that their diabetes self care was not poor (34.5% male never believed that their diabetes self-care was poor, and the rest of 65.5% female rarely believed that their diabetes self-care was poor). In conclusion, this study suggests that health professionals in Vietnam should use reliable and valid tools, such as this questionnaire from Schmitt et al. (2013), to have better understanding about patient’s self-care. Health professionals can use this information to provide diabetic patients with a suitable health education program. In addition, more research related to diabetes self-care needs to be conducted to provide more evidence-based information to support patients with diabetes in Vietnam