61 research outputs found
Dimmidi
Situation et site Lâantique castellum Dimmidi, que lâon identifie par commoditĂ© avec Messad â mais câest un abus -, se trouvait sur le territoire des Ouled NaĂŻl. Les monts qui ont empruntĂ© leur nom Ă cette tribu font partie de lâAtlas Saharien, et dominent le large bassin de piĂ©mont de lâoued Djedi. Câest dans une vallĂ©e proche quâa Ă©tĂ© installĂ© ce fortin. En rĂ©alitĂ©, il faut distinguer trois sites diffĂ©rents : deux villages encore actuellement habitĂ©s correspondent Ă deux oasis, Messad en am..
Multiwavelength Observations of 1ES 1959+650, One Year After the Strong Outburst of 2002
In April-May 2003, the blazar 1ES 1959+650 showed an increased level of X-ray
activity. This prompted a multiwavelength observation campaign with the Whipple
10 m gamma-ray telescope, the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer, the Bordeaux Optical
Observatory, and the University of Michigan Radio Astrophysical Observatory. We
present the multiwavelength data taken from May 2, 2003 to June 7, 2003 and
compare the source characteristics with those measured during observations
taken during the years 2000 and 2002. The X-ray observations gave a data set
with high signal-to-noise light curves and energy spectra; however, the
gamma-ray observations did not reveal a major TeV gamma-ray flare. Furthermore,
we find that the radio and optical fluxes do not show statistically significant
deviations from those measured during the 2002 flaring periods. While the X-ray
flux and X-ray photon index appear correlated during subsequent observations,
the apparent correlation evolved significantly between the years 2000, 2002,
and 2003. We discuss the implications of this finding for the mechanism that
causes the flaring activity.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, 2 table
Spectrum and Variability of Mrk501 as observed by the CAT Imaging Telescope
The CAT Imaging Telescope has observed the BL Lac object Markarian 501
between March and August 1997. We report here on the variability over this time
including several large flares. We present also preliminary spectra for all
these data, for the low emission state, and for the largest flare.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, Late
Detection of Vhe Gamma-Rays from MRK 501 with the Cat Imaging Telescope
The CAT imaging telescope on the site on the former solar plant Themis has
been observing gamma-rays from Mrk501 above 220 GeV in March and April 1997.
This source is shown to be highly variable and the light curve is presented.
The detected gamma-ray rate for the most intense flare is in excess of 10 per
minute.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, Tex, contribution to 25th ICRC Durba
Observation of the Crab Nebula Gamma-Ray Emission Above 220 Gev by the Cat Cherenkov Imaging Telescope
The CAT imaging telescope, recently built on the site of the former solar
plant Themis (French Pyrenees), observed gamma-rays from the Crab nebula from
October 1996 to March 1997. This steady source, often considered as the
standard candle of very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy, is used as a test-beam
to probe the performances of the new telescope, particularly its energy
threshold (220 GeV at 20 degrees zenith angle) and the stability of its
response. Due to the fine-grain camera, an accurate analysis of the
longitudinal profiles of shower images is performed, yielding the source
position in two dimensions for each individual shower.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, Tex, contribution to 25th ICRC Durba
Cryptic speciation in gentoo penguins is driven by geographic isolation and regional marine conditions: Unforeseen vulnerabilities to global change
The conservation of biodiversity is hampered by data deficiencies, with many new species and subspecies awaiting description or reclassification. Population genomics and ecological niche modelling offer complementary new tools for un-covering functional units of phylogenetic diversity. We hypothesize that phyloge-netically delineated lineages of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) distributed across Antarctica and sub-Antarctic Islands are subject to spatially explicit ecological con-ditions that have limited gene flow, facilitating genetic differentiation, and thereby speciation processes
The CAT Imaging Telescope for Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy
The CAT (Cherenkov Array at Themis) imaging telescope, equipped with a
very-high-definition camera (546 fast phototubes with 0.12 degrees spacing
surrounded by 54 larger tubes in two guard rings) started operation in Autumn
1996 on the site of the former solar plant Themis (France). Using the
atmospheric Cherenkov technique, it detects and identifies very high energy
gamma-rays in the range 250 GeV to a few tens of TeV. The instrument, which has
detected three sources (Crab nebula, Mrk 421 and Mrk 501), is described in
detail.Comment: 24 pages, 15 figures. submitted to Elsevier Preprin
Multiwavelength Observations of the Blazar Mrk 421 in December 2002 and January 2003
We report on a multiwavelength campaign on the TeV gamma-ray blazar Markarian
(Mrk) 421 performed during December 2002 and January 2003. These target of
opportunity observations were initiated by the detection of X-ray and TeV
gamma-ray flares with the All Sky Monitor (ASM) on board the Rossi X-ray Timing
Explorer (RXTE) and the 10 m Whipple gamma-ray telescope.The campaign included
observational coverage in the radio (University of Michigan Radio Astronomy
Observatory), optical (Boltwood, La Palma KVA 0.6m, WIYN 0.9m), X-ray (RXTE
pointed telescopes), and TeV gamma-ray (Whipple and HEGRA) bands.
At TeV energies, the observations revealed several flares at intermediate
flux levels, peaking between 1 and 1.5 times the flux from the Crab Nebula.
While the time averaged spectrum can be fitted with a single power law of
photon index Gamma =2.8, we find some evidence for spectral variability.
Confirming earlier results, the campaign reveals a rather loose correlation
between the X-ray and TeV gamma-ray fluxes. In one case, a very strong X-ray
flare is not accompanied by a comparable TeV gamma-ray flare. Although the
source flux was variable in the optical and radio bands, the sparse sampling of
the optical and radio light curves does not allow us to study the correlation
properties in detail.
We present a simple analysis of the data with a synchrotron-self Compton
model, emphasizing that models with very high Doppler factors and low magnetic
fields can describe the data.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa
The CAT Imaging Telescope
The VHE gamma-ray imaging telescope CAT started taking data in October 1996. Located at the Themis solar site in southern France, it features a 17.7 m^2 Davies-Cotton mirror equipped with 600 PMT camera at the focal plane. The mechanics and optics, the PMTs and the electronics are presented. The performance, based on the first 7 months of operation, is described
A new analysis method for very high definition Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes as applied to the CAT telescope
A new method of shower-image analysis is presented which appears very
powerful as applied to those Cherenkov Imaging Telescopes with very high
definition imaging capability. It provides hadron rejection on the basis of a
single cut on the image shape, and simultaneously determines the energy of the
electromagnetic shower and the position of the shower axis with respect to the
detector. The source location is also reconstructed for each individual
gamma-ray shower, even with one single telescope, so for a point source the
hadron rejection can be further improved. As an example, this new method is
applied to data from the CAT (Cherenkov Array at Themis) imaging telescope,
which has been operational since Autumn, 1996.Comment: 22 pages. submitted to Elsevier Preprin
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