Priporočila za obravnavo bolnikov s pljučnim rakom

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The impact of Basel standards on the banking system

Rad započinje teorijskim objašnjenjem regulacije, njenim načelima i značajkama te zašto je ona veoma važna za pravilno funkcioniranje cjelokupnog financijskog sustava. Nastavak rada daje pregled novog regulatornog okvira pod nazivom Bazel III standardi kojima su se nastojali ispraviti nedostaci u dotadašnjoj regulaciji. Bazel standardima se daju preporuke i smjernice za upravljanje tržišnim i kreditnim rizicima, adekvatnošću kapitala kod banaka, likvidnošću, jačanju transparentnosti te mnogobrojnim drugim područjima kojima se nastoji razviti financijski sustav otporan na ranjivosti i nestabilnosti, bilo iz samog sustava ili iz gospodarstva. Sama implementacija je službeno započela 2013. godine, a čiji se potpuni završetak očekuje 2027. godine. Republika Hrvatska kao punopravna članica Europske unije u potpunosti slijedi uredbe, direktive te smjernice kojima je određena regulacija u Europi, dok Sjedinjene Američke Države zbog specifičnosti vlastitog sustava ne mogu u potpunosti prihvatiti sve sastavnice Bazel standarda.The paper begins with a theoretical explanation of regulation, its principles and features and why it is very important for the proper functioning of the entire financial system. The continuation of the paper provides and overview of a regulatory framework called Basel III standards, which sought to correct weaknenesses in previous regulation. Basel standards provide recommendations and guidelines for managing market and credit risks, capital adequacy, liquidity, transparency and many other areas which seek to develope financial system resilient to vulnerability and volatility, whether they come from the system itself or from the real economy. The implementation officially began in 2013 and is expected to be completed in 2027. As a fully-fledged member of the European Union, the Republic of Croatia fully follows the regulations, directives and guidelines that define regulation in Europe, while the United States of America, due to the specificity of its own system, cannot fully accept all the constituents of the Basel standard

The impact of Basel standards on the banking system

Rad započinje teorijskim objašnjenjem regulacije, njenim načelima i značajkama te zašto je ona veoma važna za pravilno funkcioniranje cjelokupnog financijskog sustava. Nastavak rada daje pregled novog regulatornog okvira pod nazivom Bazel III standardi kojima su se nastojali ispraviti nedostaci u dotadašnjoj regulaciji. Bazel standardima se daju preporuke i smjernice za upravljanje tržišnim i kreditnim rizicima, adekvatnošću kapitala kod banaka, likvidnošću, jačanju transparentnosti te mnogobrojnim drugim područjima kojima se nastoji razviti financijski sustav otporan na ranjivosti i nestabilnosti, bilo iz samog sustava ili iz gospodarstva. Sama implementacija je službeno započela 2013. godine, a čiji se potpuni završetak očekuje 2027. godine. Republika Hrvatska kao punopravna članica Europske unije u potpunosti slijedi uredbe, direktive te smjernice kojima je određena regulacija u Europi, dok Sjedinjene Američke Države zbog specifičnosti vlastitog sustava ne mogu u potpunosti prihvatiti sve sastavnice Bazel standarda.The paper begins with a theoretical explanation of regulation, its principles and features and why it is very important for the proper functioning of the entire financial system. The continuation of the paper provides and overview of a regulatory framework called Basel III standards, which sought to correct weaknenesses in previous regulation. Basel standards provide recommendations and guidelines for managing market and credit risks, capital adequacy, liquidity, transparency and many other areas which seek to develope financial system resilient to vulnerability and volatility, whether they come from the system itself or from the real economy. The implementation officially began in 2013 and is expected to be completed in 2027. As a fully-fledged member of the European Union, the Republic of Croatia fully follows the regulations, directives and guidelines that define regulation in Europe, while the United States of America, due to the specificity of its own system, cannot fully accept all the constituents of the Basel standard

The impact of Basel standards on the banking system

Rad započinje teorijskim objašnjenjem regulacije, njenim načelima i značajkama te zašto je ona veoma važna za pravilno funkcioniranje cjelokupnog financijskog sustava. Nastavak rada daje pregled novog regulatornog okvira pod nazivom Bazel III standardi kojima su se nastojali ispraviti nedostaci u dotadašnjoj regulaciji. Bazel standardima se daju preporuke i smjernice za upravljanje tržišnim i kreditnim rizicima, adekvatnošću kapitala kod banaka, likvidnošću, jačanju transparentnosti te mnogobrojnim drugim područjima kojima se nastoji razviti financijski sustav otporan na ranjivosti i nestabilnosti, bilo iz samog sustava ili iz gospodarstva. Sama implementacija je službeno započela 2013. godine, a čiji se potpuni završetak očekuje 2027. godine. Republika Hrvatska kao punopravna članica Europske unije u potpunosti slijedi uredbe, direktive te smjernice kojima je određena regulacija u Europi, dok Sjedinjene Američke Države zbog specifičnosti vlastitog sustava ne mogu u potpunosti prihvatiti sve sastavnice Bazel standarda.The paper begins with a theoretical explanation of regulation, its principles and features and why it is very important for the proper functioning of the entire financial system. The continuation of the paper provides and overview of a regulatory framework called Basel III standards, which sought to correct weaknenesses in previous regulation. Basel standards provide recommendations and guidelines for managing market and credit risks, capital adequacy, liquidity, transparency and many other areas which seek to develope financial system resilient to vulnerability and volatility, whether they come from the system itself or from the real economy. The implementation officially began in 2013 and is expected to be completed in 2027. As a fully-fledged member of the European Union, the Republic of Croatia fully follows the regulations, directives and guidelines that define regulation in Europe, while the United States of America, due to the specificity of its own system, cannot fully accept all the constituents of the Basel standard

Effect of Coronary Sinus Reducer Implantation on Aerobic Exercise Capacity in Refractory Angina Patients—A CROSSROAD Study

Coronary sinus reducer (CSR) implantation is a new treatment option for patients with refractory angina pectoris. However, there is no evidence from a randomized trial that would show an improvement in exercise capacity after this treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of CSR treatment on maximal oxygen consumption and compare it to a sham procedure. Twenty-five patients with refractory angina pectoris (Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class II–IV) were randomized to a CSR implantation (n = 13) or a sham procedure (n = 12). At baseline and after 6 months of follow-up, the patients underwent symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing with an adjusted ramp protocol and assessment of angina pectoris using the CCS scale and Seattle angina pectoris questionnaire (SAQ). In the CSR group, maximal oxygen consumption increased from 15.56 ± 4.05 to 18.4 ± 5.2 mL/kg/min (p = 0.03) but did not change in the sham group (p = 0.53); p for intergroup comparison was 0.03. In contrast, there was no difference in the improvement of the CCS class or SAQ domains. To conclude, in patients with refractory angina and optimized medical therapy, CSR implantation may improve oxygen consumption beyond that of optimal medical therapy

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is associated with reorganization of metabolic connectivity in a pathological brain network

Background and purpose: Although sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is a rare cause of dementia, it is critical to understand its functional networks as the prion protein spread throughout the brain may share similar mechanisms with other more common neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, the metabolic brain network associated with sCJD was investigated and its internal network organization was explored. Methods: We explored 2-[18 F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) brain scans of 29 sCJD patients, 56 normal controls (NCs) and 46 other dementia patients from two independent centers. sCJD-related pattern (CJDRP) was identified in a cohort of 16 pathologically proven sCJD patients and 16 age-matched NCs using scaled subprofile modeling/principal component analysis and was prospectively validated in an independent cohort of 13 sCJD patients and 20 NCs. The pattern's specificity was tested on other dementia patients and its clinical relevance by clinical correlations. The pattern's internal organization was further studied using graph theory methods. Results: The CJDRP was characterized by relative hypometabolism in the bilateral caudate, thalami, middle and superior frontal gyri, parietal lobe and posterior cingulum in association with relative hypermetabolism in the hippocampi, parahippocampal gyri and cerebellum. The pattern's expression significantly discriminated sCJD from NCs and other dementia patients (p < 0.005; receiver operating characteristic analysis CJD vs. NCs area under the curve [AUC] 0.90-0.96, sCJD vs. Alzheimer's disease AUC 0.78, sCJD vs. behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia AUC 0.84). The pattern's expression significantly correlated with cognitive, functional decline and disease duration. The metabolic connectivity analysis revealed inefficient information transfer with specific network reorganization. Conclusions: The CJDRP is a robust metabolic biomarker of sCJD. Due to its excellent clinical correlations it has the potential to monitor disease in emerging disease-modifying trials

Priporočila za obravnavo bolnikov s pljučnim rakom

In 2019, the Recommendations for the management of patients with lung cancer were published bringing much-needed standardisation of diagnosis and treatment to improve survival of patients with lung cancer. Three years after the original Recommendations were published, the update of the Recommendations brings the most innovations in the chapter on systemic treatment of patients with lung cancer. This reflects the remarkable progress made in the field of understanding the oncogenesis and biology of lung cancer and thus the development of new drugs. The burden of lung cancer remains high, as lung cancer is still the most common cause of cancer related death in our country and worldwide. Lung cancer is responsible for one of five cancer-related deaths. Almost one third of patients with lung cancer do not receive any oncological treatment, either because of poor performance status, comorbidities or the extent of the disease. Half of the patients have metastatic disease at diagnosis, resulting in only small improvements in survival despite advances in the treatment of lung cancer patients. These data remind us that if we are to make major shifts in the management of lung cancer patients, we will need to take different approaches. The most promising seems to be the detection of early stages of lung cancer which offers the best treatment results. The Recommendations written here are guidelines for the management of patients with lung cancer. Only with comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment approach, the best outcome from the prognostically unfavourable disease can be offered.Leta 2019 so bila objavljena Priporočila za obravnavo bolnikov s pljučnim rakom, ki so v slovenski prostor vnesla prepotrebno poenotenje diagnostike in zdravljenja z namenom izboljšanja preživetja bolnikov s pljučnim rakom. Posodobitev Priporočil tri leta po izidu izvirnika prinaša največ novosti v poglavju o sistemskem zdravljenju bolnikov s pljučnim rakom. To kaže na izjemen napredek na področju razumevanja onkogeneze in biologije pljučnega raka ter s tem razvoja novih zdravil. Breme pljučnega raka ostaja veliko, saj je pljučni rak pri nas in v svetu še vedno najpogostejši vzrok smrti zaradi raka. Za vsako peto smrt zaradi raka je odgovoren pljučni rak. Skoraj tretjina bolnikov s pljučnim rakom ne prejme specifičnega onkološkega zdravljenja, bodisi zaradi slabega stanja zmogljivosti, spremljajočih bolezni ali obsega bolezni. Polovica bolnikov ima ob diagnozi razsejano bolezen, zaradi česar izboljšanje preživetja z malimi koraki sledi napredku v zdravljenju bolnikov s pljučnim rakom. Ti podatki nas opominjajo, da se bomo morali za velike premike v obravnavi bolnikov s pljučnim rakom lotiti drugačnih pristopov. Kot najbolj obetavno se ponuja zgodnje odkrivanje bolezni, ko so možnosti ozdravitve pljučnega raka najboljše. Zapisana Priporočila so usmeritev za obravnavo bolnikov s pljučnim rakom. Le s sodobnim multidisciplinarnim pristopom obravnave lahko bolniku ponudimo zdravljenje, ki mu omogoča najboljši izhod prognostično neugodne bolezni

Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of patients with lung cancer

In 2019, the Recommendations for the management of patients with lung cancer were published bringing much-needed standardisation of diagnosis and treatment to improve survival of patients with lung cancer. Three years after the original Recommendations were published, the update of the Recommendations brings the most innovations in the chapter on systemic treatment of patients with lung cancer. This reflects the remarkable progress made in the field of understanding the oncogenesis and biology of lung cancer and thus the development of new drugs. The burden of lung cancer remains high, as lung cancer is still the most common cause of cancer related death in our country and worldwide. Lung cancer is responsible for one of five cancer-related deaths. Almost one third of patients with lung cancer do not receive any oncological treatment, either because of poor performance status, comorbidities or the extent of the disease. Half of the patients have metastatic disease at diagnosis, resulting in only small improvements in survival despite advances in the treatment of lung cancer patients. These data remind us that if we are to make major shifts in the management of lung cancer patients, we will need to take different approaches. The most promising seems to be the detection of early stages of lung cancer which offers the best treatment results. The Recommendations written here are guidelines for the management of patients with lung cancer. Only with comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment approach, the best outcome from the prognostically unfavourable disease can be offered