PTSD or lack of love?

In this Position Piece, I critically reflect upon some epistemological and political issues of interventions and intervention-oriented research in post-trafficking mental health care. I discuss three loci of friction within the framework of a critical global mental health approach to trafficking aftercare: ethnography, biomedical studies, and post-trafficking care. I address these loci through three case studies: two drawn from my own ethnographic fieldwork and one from a recent systematic review of biomedical studies on post-trafficking mental health. My discussion focuses on the limits of such activities when conducted as isolated interventions and highlights the need for radical interdisciplinary and participatory approaches

New technological devices for the assessment of systemic inflammation in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events is of strategic importance for the primary prevention of one of the big killers in the world. Predictive models have a history of decades, but still the desired accuracy is not reached by any of the existing models. The inclusion of inflammatory factors in the models did not increase their accuracy. In this review, we discuss the possible reasons for that failure and we propose a paradigm shift. RECENT FINDINGS: Systemic inflammation is a very volatile phenomenon. The blood concentration of inflammatory biomarkers may change considerably in one individual with a timescale of seconds. Sudden changes in environmental conditions can trigger rapid modifications in the inflammatory profile of an individual. In routine clinical practice, the blood tests for inflammation are carried out at one point in time, not in standard environmental conditions, and are therefore inadequate. SUMMARY: We have to direct CVD research toward the understanding of the synchronic relationship between external environmental conditions and internal physiological reactions. CVD risk assessment must be carried out by using continuous real-time monitoring of external and internal parameters together, something that may become possible with the advent of new technological devices

Cantilever systems for the next generation of biomechanical sensors

Ieder interactief systeem gebruikt apparaten om informatie over de omgeving te verkrijgen. Ook de mens gebruikt apparaten om zijn omgeving te onderzoeken; tast- en gehoor-apparatuur voor mechanische impulsen, zicht- voor elektromagnetische en smaak- en reuk- voor chemische eigenschappen. Het gaat om thermometers, microfoons, ccd camera’s, enzovoort: allemaal sensoren die onze waarnemingsmogelijkheden vergroten, prestaties verbeteren en soms zelfs de mens vervangen in autonome systemen. In de laatste decennia is door de opkomst van nano- en biotechnologie de ontwikkeling van chemische sensoren, in het bijzonder biosensoren, in een stroomversnelling geraakt. Biosensoren worden gekenmerkt door de aanwezigheid van een biologische component (bv. een antilichaam, enzym of DNA molecuul) die een interactie aangaat met het te detecteren chemische element. Deze interactie wordt omgezet in een macroscopisch signaal welke vervolgens kan worden uitgelezen door een mens of machine. In ons dagelijks leven zijn biosensoren al terug te vinden in de vorm van zwangerschapstesten en glucosemeters, maar ook in minder opvallende toepassingen zoals voedsel- en waterveiligheid. Er zijn echter nog vele gebieden, in het bijzonder in de geneeskunde, waarin biosensoren een belangrijke rol kunnen spelen. In geval van ziekte (eenvoudige griep of allergie tot levensbedreigende kanker) produceert ons lichaam biologische markers, eiwitten, die inzicht kunnen geven in wat er zich in ons lichaam afspeelt. Daardoor kan er een betere inschatting worden gemaakt van de prognose en kan de therapie mogelijk specifiek op de patiënt worden afgestemd. Helaas is vaak niet bekend welke markers een rol spelen, en als dit wel bekend is, is de detectie veelal zeer kostbaar of zelfs niet mogelijk. In my thesis work I investigated alternative geometries of nanomechanical oscillators to be employed as biomolecular sensors. Simple mechanical oscillators, such as cantilevers and double clamped beams have been deeply investigated in the last decade and single molecule sensitivity was demonstrated. However, beside few marginal exceptions, the proof of principle demonstrations did not yet evolve into commercial devices. Alternative geometries can, in principle, improve the simple micromechanical systems studied so far, with more complex transfer functions suitable to operate also in demanding environments. The thesis work was divided in two major sections. In the first section twin cantilevers are discussed. Couples of cantilevers facing each other and separated by a nanometer gap may change their resonance response when one or more molecules are absorbed in the gap. Two different geometries have been fabricated and tested. One, with identical cantilevers, takes advantage of the shift in resonance frequency occurring upon molecular detection; the second with asymmetrical cantilevers, uses the shortest one to actuate the motion of the longer one through a molecular link. In the second part the structure of the twin cantilevers is the starting point for creating a spatially confined chemical reaction in the gap between two cantilevers facing each other. This original process is extremely precise and represents an important milestone towards the future realization of complex micro- and nanomechanical systems for biomolecular detection.

Twisting of thin walled columns perfectly restrained at one end

Proceeding from the basic assumptions of the Batho-Bredt theory on twisting failure of thin-walled columns, the discrepancies most frequently encountered are analyzed. A generalized approximate method is suggested for the determination of the disturbances in the stress condition of the column, induced by the constrained warping in one of the end sections

Resonant Transport in Nb/GaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs Microstructures

Resonant transport in a hybrid semiconductor-superconductor microstructure grown by MBE on GaAs is presented. This structure experimentally realizes the prototype system originally proposed by de Gennes and Saint-James in 1963 in \emph{all}-metal structures. A low temperature single peak superimposed to the characteristic Andreev-dominated subgap conductance represents the mark of such resonant behavior. Random matrix theory of quantum transport was employed in order to analyze the observed magnetotransport properties and ballistic effects were included by directly solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations.Comment: 7 pages REVTeX, 4 figures, to be published by World Scientific in Proceedings of International Symposium on Mesoscopic Superconductivity and Spintronics (NTT R&D Center Atsugi, Japan, March 2002

Enablers and barriers to the implementation of socially assistive humanoid robots in health and social care: a systematic review

Objectives: Socially assistive humanoid robots are considered a promising technology to tackle the challenges in health and social care posed by the growth of the ageing population. The purpose of our study was to explore the current evidence on barriers and enablers for the implementation of humanoid robots in health and social care. Design: Systematic review of studies entailing hands-on interactions with a humanoid robot. Setting: From April 2018 to June 2018, databases were searched using a combination of the same search terms for articles published during the last decade. Data collection was conducted by using the Rayyan software, a standardised predefined grid, and a risk of bias and a quality assessment tool. Participants: Post-experimental data were collected and analysed for a total of 420 participants. Participants comprised: older adults (n=307) aged ≥60 years, with no or some degree of age-related cognitive impairment, residing either in residential care facilities or at their home; care home staff (n=106); and informal caregivers (n=7).Primary outcomes Identification of enablers and barriers to the implementation of socially assistive humanoid robots in health and social care, and consequent insights and impact. Future developments to inform further research. Results: Twelve studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. None of the selected studies had an experimental design; hence overall quality was low with high risks of biases. Several studies had no comparator, no baseline, small samples, and self-reported measures only. Within this limited evidence base, the enablers found were enjoyment, usability, personalisation and familiarisation. Barriers were related to technical problems, to the robots’ limited capabilities and the negative preconceptions towards the use of robots in healthcare. Factors which produced mixed results were the robot’s human-like attributes, previous experience with technology and views of formal and informal carers. Conclusions: The available evidence related to implementation factors of socially assistive humanoid robots for older adults is limited, mainly focusing on aspects at individual level, and exploring acceptance of this technology. Investigation of elements linked to the environment, organisation, societal and cultural milieu, policy and legal framework is necessary