Analysis of anatomical and morphological characteristics of the nasal pyramid as a criterion for approach selection in rhinoplasty.

Rinoplastika je sigurno jedan od najvećih izazova za hirurga u domenu estetske hirurgije. Nos sa svojim centralnim položajem na licu ima iznimno važnu ulogu u interpersonalnoj rekogniciji tako da se ne dopušta ni minimalna greška u njegovoj remodelaciji, posebno sa aspekta uvek prisutnih visokih očekivanja pacijenata. U rinoplastici se najčesće koriste dva klasična operativna pristupa, zatvoreni i otvoreni pristup. Indikacija za odabir pristupa u rinoplastici ne sme biti bazirana na kriterijumu koji proizilazi iz subjektivnog afiniteta hirurga, već na preciznu preoperativnu evaluaciju anatomskih, morfoloških i topografskih karakteristika deformiteta nazalne piramide, odnosno na što objektivniji kriterijum. Kao klasične indikacije za otvoreni pristup, navode se značajna iskrivljenost nosa, iskrivljen i u isto vreme sedlast nos, asimetrja nosa uključujući i posledice rascepa usne i/ili nepca, kao i u 2/3 slučajeva sekundarna rinoplastika, dok se sve ostale rinoplastike rade zatvorenim pristupom. Iz dostupne savremene stručne literature, jasno se da uočiti da izbor pristupa odnosno indikacije za otvoreni i zatvoreni pristup nisu dovoljno uniformne i utemeljene na objektivnim kriterijumima, iz tih razloga je preduzeto ovo istraživanje. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se ispita postojeći veliki broj standardizovanih morfo-anatomskih parametra koji karakterišu lice i nosnu piramidu, uključujući i novo otkrivene tačku kyphion i dorzoprofilni ugao, kako bi se načinila selekcija onih koji svojim realnim i objektivnim značajem, kao i sa svojom jednostavnom uočljivosti i praktičnom mogućnošću beleženja i mogli biti inkorporirani u smernice, odnosno indikacije za odabir pristupa u rinoplastici, kao i kriterijuma za procenu uspešnosti izvedene rinoplastike. Studija je planirana po tipu morfo-anatomske, kadaverične i klinicke. Bitne morfo-anatomske karakteristike nosne piramide za koje ne postoje standardni kriterijumi ili su oni nedovoljno definisani, utvrđene su na seriji od 44 kadaverična preparata, metodama antropometrije i radiološke analize...Rhinoplasty is certainly one of the biggest challenges for surgeons in the field of aesthetic surgery. The nose with its central position on the face has an extremely important role in interpersonal recognition, so that it does not allow even the minimum error in its remodeling especially in terms of ever-present high expectations of patients. In rhinoplasty are frequently used two classical operational approaches, external and internal approach. Indications for approach selection in rhinoplasty should not be based on criteria arising from subjective surgeons’ affinity but on precise preoperative evaluation of anatomical, morphological and topographical characteristics of the nasal pyramid deformity, on an objective criterion as well. As the classical indications for open access, according to a significant distortion of the nose, twisted at the same time saddled nose, nasal asymmetry including the consequences of the cleft lip and / or palate as well as 2/3 of a secondary rhinoplasties, while all other for closed rhinoplasty approach. From the available modern scientific literature, it is clear to note that the choice of approach or indications for internal and external approach, are not uniform and based on objective criteria for these reasons, this study was undertaken. The aim of this study is to examine the existing large number of standardized morpho-anatomical parameters that characterize the face and the nasal pyramid, including a newly discovered spot kyphion and dorsal profile angle, to the selection of those who made her real and objective character, as well as with its simple visibility and convenience of recording and could be incorporated into the guidelines and indications for the choice of approach in rhinoplasty, as well as the criteria for assessing the performed rhinoplasty. The study was planned by type of morpho-anatomical, cadaveric and clinical. Important morpho-anatomical characteristics of the nasal pyramid for which there are no standard criteria, or they are not wll-defined, have been established on a series of 44 cadaveric preparations, anthropometry methods and radiological analysis. A clinical study was retrospective, partly prospective and controlled..

Rhinoplasty: The Nasal Bones - Anatomy and Analysis

Background: The analysis of nasal anatomy, and especially the nasal bones including the osseocartilaginous vault, is significant for functional and aesthetic reasons. Objectives: The objective was to understand the anatomy of the nasal bones by establishing new descriptions, terms, and definitions because the existing parameters were insufficient. Adequate terminology was employed to harmonize the anthropometric and clinical measurements. Methods: A two-part harvest technique consisting of resecting the specimen and then creating a replica of the skull was performed on 44 cadavers to obtain specific measurements. Results: The nasal bones have an irregular, variable shape, and three distinct angles can be found along the dorsal profile line beginning with the nasion angle (NA), the dorsal profile angulation (DPA) and the kyphion angulation (KA). In 12% of cases, the caudal portion of the nasal bones was straight and without angulation resulting in a "V-shape" configuration. In 88% of cases, the caudal portion of the bone was angulated, which resulted in an "S-shape" nasal bone configuration. The intervening cephalic bone, nasion to sellion (N-S), represents the radix while the caudal bone, sellion to r (S-R), represents the bony dorsum. Conclusions: By standardizing and measuring existing nasal landmarks and understanding the different anatomic configurations of the nasal bones, rhinoplasty surgeons can better plan their operations within the radix and bony and osseocartilaginous vaults

Analysis of anatomical and morphological characteristics of the nasal pyramid as a criterion for approach selection in rhinoplasty.

Rinoplastika je sigurno jedan od najvećih izazova za hirurga u domenu estetske hirurgije. Nos sa svojim centralnim položajem na licu ima iznimno važnu ulogu u interpersonalnoj rekogniciji tako da se ne dopušta ni minimalna greška u njegovoj remodelaciji, posebno sa aspekta uvek prisutnih visokih očekivanja pacijenata. U rinoplastici se najčesće koriste dva klasična operativna pristupa, zatvoreni i otvoreni pristup. Indikacija za odabir pristupa u rinoplastici ne sme biti bazirana na kriterijumu koji proizilazi iz subjektivnog afiniteta hirurga, već na preciznu preoperativnu evaluaciju anatomskih, morfoloških i topografskih karakteristika deformiteta nazalne piramide, odnosno na što objektivniji kriterijum. Kao klasične indikacije za otvoreni pristup, navode se značajna iskrivljenost nosa, iskrivljen i u isto vreme sedlast nos, asimetrja nosa uključujući i posledice rascepa usne i/ili nepca, kao i u 2/3 slučajeva sekundarna rinoplastika, dok se sve ostale rinoplastike rade zatvorenim pristupom. Iz dostupne savremene stručne literature, jasno se da uočiti da izbor pristupa odnosno indikacije za otvoreni i zatvoreni pristup nisu dovoljno uniformne i utemeljene na objektivnim kriterijumima, iz tih razloga je preduzeto ovo istraživanje. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se ispita postojeći veliki broj standardizovanih morfo-anatomskih parametra koji karakterišu lice i nosnu piramidu, uključujući i novo otkrivene tačku kyphion i dorzoprofilni ugao, kako bi se načinila selekcija onih koji svojim realnim i objektivnim značajem, kao i sa svojom jednostavnom uočljivosti i praktičnom mogućnošću beleženja i mogli biti inkorporirani u smernice, odnosno indikacije za odabir pristupa u rinoplastici, kao i kriterijuma za procenu uspešnosti izvedene rinoplastike. Studija je planirana po tipu morfo-anatomske, kadaverične i klinicke. Bitne morfo-anatomske karakteristike nosne piramide za koje ne postoje standardni kriterijumi ili su oni nedovoljno definisani, utvrđene su na seriji od 44 kadaverična preparata, metodama antropometrije i radiološke analize...Rhinoplasty is certainly one of the biggest challenges for surgeons in the field of aesthetic surgery. The nose with its central position on the face has an extremely important role in interpersonal recognition, so that it does not allow even the minimum error in its remodeling especially in terms of ever-present high expectations of patients. In rhinoplasty are frequently used two classical operational approaches, external and internal approach. Indications for approach selection in rhinoplasty should not be based on criteria arising from subjective surgeons’ affinity but on precise preoperative evaluation of anatomical, morphological and topographical characteristics of the nasal pyramid deformity, on an objective criterion as well. As the classical indications for open access, according to a significant distortion of the nose, twisted at the same time saddled nose, nasal asymmetry including the consequences of the cleft lip and / or palate as well as 2/3 of a secondary rhinoplasties, while all other for closed rhinoplasty approach. From the available modern scientific literature, it is clear to note that the choice of approach or indications for internal and external approach, are not uniform and based on objective criteria for these reasons, this study was undertaken. The aim of this study is to examine the existing large number of standardized morpho-anatomical parameters that characterize the face and the nasal pyramid, including a newly discovered spot kyphion and dorsal profile angle, to the selection of those who made her real and objective character, as well as with its simple visibility and convenience of recording and could be incorporated into the guidelines and indications for the choice of approach in rhinoplasty, as well as the criteria for assessing the performed rhinoplasty. The study was planned by type of morpho-anatomical, cadaveric and clinical. Important morpho-anatomical characteristics of the nasal pyramid for which there are no standard criteria, or they are not wll-defined, have been established on a series of 44 cadaveric preparations, anthropometry methods and radiological analysis. A clinical study was retrospective, partly prospective and controlled..

Analysis of anatomical and morphological characteristics of the nasal pyramid as a criterion for approach selection in rhinoplasty.

Rinoplastika je sigurno jedan od najvećih izazova za hirurga u domenu estetske hirurgije. Nos sa svojim centralnim položajem na licu ima iznimno važnu ulogu u interpersonalnoj rekogniciji tako da se ne dopušta ni minimalna greška u njegovoj remodelaciji, posebno sa aspekta uvek prisutnih visokih očekivanja pacijenata. U rinoplastici se najčesće koriste dva klasična operativna pristupa, zatvoreni i otvoreni pristup. Indikacija za odabir pristupa u rinoplastici ne sme biti bazirana na kriterijumu koji proizilazi iz subjektivnog afiniteta hirurga, već na preciznu preoperativnu evaluaciju anatomskih, morfoloških i topografskih karakteristika deformiteta nazalne piramide, odnosno na što objektivniji kriterijum. Kao klasične indikacije za otvoreni pristup, navode se značajna iskrivljenost nosa, iskrivljen i u isto vreme sedlast nos, asimetrja nosa uključujući i posledice rascepa usne i/ili nepca, kao i u 2/3 slučajeva sekundarna rinoplastika, dok se sve ostale rinoplastike rade zatvorenim pristupom. Iz dostupne savremene stručne literature, jasno se da uočiti da izbor pristupa odnosno indikacije za otvoreni i zatvoreni pristup nisu dovoljno uniformne i utemeljene na objektivnim kriterijumima, iz tih razloga je preduzeto ovo istraživanje. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se ispita postojeći veliki broj standardizovanih morfo-anatomskih parametra koji karakterišu lice i nosnu piramidu, uključujući i novo otkrivene tačku kyphion i dorzoprofilni ugao, kako bi se načinila selekcija onih koji svojim realnim i objektivnim značajem, kao i sa svojom jednostavnom uočljivosti i praktičnom mogućnošću beleženja i mogli biti inkorporirani u smernice, odnosno indikacije za odabir pristupa u rinoplastici, kao i kriterijuma za procenu uspešnosti izvedene rinoplastike. Studija je planirana po tipu morfo-anatomske, kadaverične i klinicke. Bitne morfo-anatomske karakteristike nosne piramide za koje ne postoje standardni kriterijumi ili su oni nedovoljno definisani, utvrđene su na seriji od 44 kadaverična preparata, metodama antropometrije i radiološke analize...Rhinoplasty is certainly one of the biggest challenges for surgeons in the field of aesthetic surgery. The nose with its central position on the face has an extremely important role in interpersonal recognition, so that it does not allow even the minimum error in its remodeling especially in terms of ever-present high expectations of patients. In rhinoplasty are frequently used two classical operational approaches, external and internal approach. Indications for approach selection in rhinoplasty should not be based on criteria arising from subjective surgeons’ affinity but on precise preoperative evaluation of anatomical, morphological and topographical characteristics of the nasal pyramid deformity, on an objective criterion as well. As the classical indications for open access, according to a significant distortion of the nose, twisted at the same time saddled nose, nasal asymmetry including the consequences of the cleft lip and / or palate as well as 2/3 of a secondary rhinoplasties, while all other for closed rhinoplasty approach. From the available modern scientific literature, it is clear to note that the choice of approach or indications for internal and external approach, are not uniform and based on objective criteria for these reasons, this study was undertaken. The aim of this study is to examine the existing large number of standardized morpho-anatomical parameters that characterize the face and the nasal pyramid, including a newly discovered spot kyphion and dorsal profile angle, to the selection of those who made her real and objective character, as well as with its simple visibility and convenience of recording and could be incorporated into the guidelines and indications for the choice of approach in rhinoplasty, as well as the criteria for assessing the performed rhinoplasty. The study was planned by type of morpho-anatomical, cadaveric and clinical. Important morpho-anatomical characteristics of the nasal pyramid for which there are no standard criteria, or they are not wll-defined, have been established on a series of 44 cadaveric preparations, anthropometry methods and radiological analysis. A clinical study was retrospective, partly prospective and controlled..

The fractal nature analysis by applying grain formations of SAC305/OSP Cu and SAC305-0.05Ni/OSP Cu solder joints for microelectronic packaging

The electronic packaging and systems are very important topics as the limitation of miniaturization approaches in semiconductor industry. Regarding the optimal materials microstructure for these applications, we studied different alloys such as Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (wt.%)/organic solderability preservative (SAC305/OSP) Cu and SAC305–0.05Ni/OSP Cu solder joints. We implemented the fractal dimension characterization and microstructure morphology reconstruction. This is the first time that we applied fractals on such alloys. The morphology reconstruction is important for predicting and designing the optimal microstructure for the advanced desirable properties these alloys. These analyzed parameters are important for the hand-held devices and systems especially for the exploitation. The fractal reconstruction was applied on the prepared microstructures with five different magnifications. The results confirmed successful application of fractals in this area of materials science considering the grains and shapes reconstructions

The fractal nature analysis by applying grain formations of SAC305/OSP Cu and SAC305-0.05Ni/OSP Cu solder joints for microelectronic packaging

The electronic packaging and systems are very important topics as the limitation of miniaturization approaches in semiconductor industry. Regarding the optimal materials microstructure for these applications, we studied different alloys such as Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (wt.%)/organic solderability preservative (SAC305/OSP) Cu and SAC305-0.05Ni/OSP Cu solder joints. We implemented the fractal dimension characterization and microstructure morphology reconstruction. This is the first time that we applied fractals on such alloys. The morphology reconstruction is important for predicting and designing the optimal microstructure for the advanced desirable properties these alloys. These analyzed parameters are important for the hand-held devices and systems especially for the exploitation. The fractal reconstruction was applied on the prepared microstructures with five different magnifications. The results confirmed successful application of fractals in this area of materials science considering the grains and shapes reconstructions

Fractal nature analysis in porous structured bio-ceramics

Hydroxyapatite scaffold is a type of bio-ceramic. Its cellular design has similarities with the morphologies in nature. Therefore, it is very important to control the structure, especially the porosity, as one of the main features for bio-ceramics applications. According to some literature, freeze casting can form the shape of dendrites and remain a foam structure after ice sublimation. Ice nucleation became more heterogeneous with the aid of printing materials during freeze casting. This procedure can even improve the issue of crack formation. In this paper, we studied the mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite scaffold. We also analyzed the porosity by fractal nature characterization, and successfully reconstructed pore shape, which is important for predicting ceramic morphology. We applied SEM analysis on bio-ceramic samples, at four different magnifications for the same pore structure. This is important for fractal analysis and pores reconstruction. We calculated the fractal dimensions based on measurements. In this way, we completed the fractal characterization of porosity and confirmed possibilities for successful porous shapes reconstruction. In this paper, we confirmed, for the first time, that fractal nature can be successfully applied in the area of porous bio-ceramics

Fractal nature analysis in porous structured bio-ceramics

Hydroxyapatite scaffold is a type of bio-ceramic. Its cellular design has similarities with the morphologies in nature. Therefore, it is very important to control the structure, especially the porosity, as one of the main features for bio-ceramics applications. According to some literature, freeze casting can form the shape of dendrites and remain a foam structure after ice sublimation. Ice nucleation became more heterogeneous with the aid of printing materials during freeze casting. This procedure can even improve the issue of crack formation. In this paper, we studied the mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite scaffold. We also analyzed the porosity by fractal nature characterization, and successfully reconstructed pore shape, which is important for predicting ceramic morphology. We applied SEM analysis on bio-ceramic samples, at four different magnifications for the same pore structure. This is important for fractal analysis and pores reconstruction. We calculated the fractal dimensions based on measurements. In this way, we completed the fractal characterization of porosity and confirmed possibilities for successful porous shapes reconstruction. In this paper, we confirmed, for the first time, that fractal nature can be successfully applied in the area of porous bio-ceramics

Nanospectroscopy of thiacyanine dye molecules adsorbed on silver nanoparticle clusters

The adsorption of thiacyanine dye molecules on citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticle clusters drop-cast onto freshly cleaved mica or highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surfaces is examined using colocalized surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The incidence of dye Raman signatures in photoluminescence hotspots identified around nanoparticle clusters is considered for both citrate- and borate-capped silver nanoparticles and found to be substantially lower in the former case, suggesting that the citrate anions impede the efficient dye adsorption. Rigorous numerical simulations of light scattering on random nanoparticle clusters are used for estimating the electromagnetic enhancement and elucidating the hotspot formation mechanism. The majority of the enhanced Raman signal, estimated to be more than 90%, is found to originate from the nanogaps between adjacent nanoparticles in the cluster, regardless of the cluster size and geometry. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy of thiacyanine coated silver nanoparticle clusters

Metallic nanoparticles are known for their remarkable ability to confine and enhance the electromagnetic fields incident upon them. These nanoobjects have thus been successfully utilized as a platform for enhancing the intensity of light scattered from analyte molecules residing in their close vicinity. A perfect example is surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in which the confined, strong electromagnetic fields transfer the electromagnetic energy to the analyte thereby increasing the magnitude of the analyte phonon-modulated dipole moment and consequently its Raman scattering efficiency [1]. The SERS enhancement factors depend on various factors such as the topology of the metallic nanoobjects, and can be as high as 1011 [1]. Large enhancement factors render SERS a very versatile technique which can be used for detection of extremely small amounts of analyte adsorbed on the surface of metallic nanoobjects [2] as well as for studies on a single molecule level [3]. Here we investigate silver nanoparticle clusters deposited on an insulating substrate as a platform for SERS, using confocal Raman microspectroscopy and a finite element based numerical analysis. The analysis of SERS enhancement based on rigorous numerical simulations of Maxwell equations for the case of plane wave scattering on random silver nanoparticle clusters, shows that the highest field enhancement factors are reached at collective nanoparticle plasmon resonances and become redshifted in elongated clusters with an increasing number of particles. From an inspection of electromagnetic field distribution on nanoparticle surfaces, a conclusion is reached that at least 90% of the total enhancement originates from nanogaps between adjacent nanoparticles, implying that the SERS experiments are sensitive only to adsorbates located in these gaps. The latter conclusion is used to aid the experimental SERS study of the thiacyanine (TC) dye adsorption on the surface of silver nanoparticle clusters. By analyzing the SERS spectra of TC dye coated nanoparticle clusters, we find that the adsorption of this particular dye is strongly influenced by the capping anions which are initially conformed on the surface of the nanoparticles.VI International School and Conference on Photonics and COST actions: MP1406 and MP1402 : PHOTONICA2017 : August 23 - September 1, 2017; Belgrade