The relationship between childhood traumas and insecure attachment styles and the fear of happiness and subjective well-being

Predmet ovog istraživanja bio je povezanost trauma u detinjstvu i nesigurnih stilova afektivnog vezivanja sa ličnim blagostanjem i strahom od sreće. U istraživanju su učestvovali studenti Univerziteta u Beogradu. Uzorak je bio prigodan i činilo ga je 426 ispitanika, od toga 306 ženskih i 120 muških. Rezultati su pokazali pozitivnu povezanost straha od sreće sa nesigurnim stilovima afektivnog vezivanja, kao i straha od sreće sa traumama u detinjstvu. Negativno su povezani strah od sreće i lično blagostanje. Utvrđeno je da je lično blagostanje u negativnoj korelaciji sa traumama u detinjstvu. Negativna korelacija dobijena je i između ličnog blagostanja i nesigurnih stilova afektivnog vezivanja. Strah od sreće se pokazao kao parcijalni medijator između odbacujućeg stila afektivnog vezivanja i zadovoljstva životom. Bojažljiv stil afektivne vezanosti se pokazao kao medijator između trauma u detinjstvu i krhkosti i straha od sreće. Bojažljiv stil se pokazao i kao parcijalni medijator između trauma u detinjstvu i ličnog blagostanja.The study aims to examine the relationship between childhood traumas and insecure attachment styles and subjective well-being and the fear of happiness. The sample included students of the University of Belgrade. The sample size was convenient; 426 students in total, 306 female and 126 male respondents. It is shown that there is a positive correlation between the fear of happiness and insecure attachment styles, as well as between the fear of happiness and childhood traumas. There is a negative correlation between the fear of happiness and subjective well-being, as well as between subjective well-being and childhood traumas. Negative correlation has also been found between subjective well-being and insecure attachment styles. Fear of happiness proved to be a partial mediator between the dismissive style and life satisfaction, while fearful attachment style was shown to be a mediator between childhood traumas and fragility and the fear of happiness. It was also found that fearful attachment style was a partial mediator between childhood traumas and subjective well-being

Jesus’ Abandonment on the Cross and the Christian Understanding of God as a Trinitarian Communion: An exegetical and Trinitarian–theological analysis of Mk. 15:34 and Mt. 27:46 through the theology of J. Moltmann and H.U. von Balthasar

Isusova objava Boga kao trojstvenoga zajedništva u ovom je radu promišljana polazeći od njegove osamljenosti i razdvojenosti od Oca u trenutku smrti na križu, izražene vapajem »Bože moj, Bože moj, zašto si me ostavio?« (Mk 15,34; Mt 27,46). Prvi dio rada donosi kritičku egzegezu navedenih redaka u grčkom izvorniku, te istovremeno kao opravdano otvara pitanje može li se stvarna Isusova napuštenost od nebeskoga Oca razumjeti i kao bitna kritika kršćanskoga nauka o Bogu kao neraskidivom zajedništvu ljubavi. Stoga su u drugom dijelu dobiveni egzegetski rezultati uspoređeni s kršćanskim trinitarnim naukom, i to kroz prikaz trinitarno–teoloških doprinosa Moltmanna i Balthasara. U trećem se dijelu kroz pneumatološku dimenziju i soteriološko usmjerenje trinitarnoga nauka ukazuje na istinski trinitarno–teološki potencijal Isusove realne osamljenosti u smrti na križu i mogućnost novoga tumačenja Boga kao ljubavi.In this paper, we reflect on Jesus’ revelation of God as the Trinitarian communion beginning with his abandonment and separation from his Father at the time of his death on the cross as expressed in his outcry: »My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? « (Mk. 15:34; Mt.27:46) The first part of the paper puts forth a historical– critical exegesis of the aforementioned lines of the New Testament in their Greek original, while reflecting on the question of whether Jesus’ abandonment by his heavenly Father may be understood also as a significant critique of the Christian doctrine of God as being an indivisible communion of love. Hence in the second section, we confront the results of this analysis with the Christian Trinitarian doctrine, specifically by presenting the Trinitarian–theological contribution of Moltmann and Balthasar. In the third section, the paper points out the true Trinitarian and theological potential of Jesus’ real abandonment in his death on the cross through the pneumatological dimension and soteriological orientation of the doctrine of the Trinity as a possible new interpretation of God as love

SOX Transcription Factors as Important Regulators of Neuronal and Glial Differentiation During Nervous System Development and Adult Neurogenesis

The SOX proteins belong to the superfamily of transcription factors (TFs) that display properties of both classical TFs and architectural components of chromatin. Since the cloning of the Sox/SOX genes, remarkable progress has been made in illuminating their roles as key players in the regulation of multiple developmental and physiological processes. SOX TFs govern diverse cellular processes during development, such as maintaining the pluripotency of stem cells, cell proliferation, cell fate decisions/germ layer formation as well as terminal cell differentiation into tissues and organs. However, their roles are not limited to development since SOX proteins influence survival, regeneration, cell death and control homeostasis in adult tissues. This review summarized current knowledge of the roles of SOX proteins in control of central nervous system development. Some SOX TFs suspend neural progenitors in proliferative, stem-like state and prevent their differentiation. SOX proteins function as pioneer factors that occupy silenced target genes and keep them in a poised state for activation at subsequent stages of differentiation. At appropriate stage of development, SOX members that maintain stemness are down-regulated in cells that are competent to differentiate, while other SOX members take over their functions and govern the process of differentiation. Distinct SOX members determine down-stream processes of neuronal and glial differentiation. Thus, sequentially acting SOX TFs orchestrate neural lineage development defining neuronal and glial phenotypes. In line with their crucial roles in the nervous system development, deregulation of specific SOX proteins activities is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The overview of the current knowledge about the link between SOX gene variants and NDDs is presented. We outline the roles of SOX TFs in adult neurogenesis and brain homeostasis and discuss whether impaired adult neurogenesis, detected in neurodegenerative diseases, could be associated with deregulation of SOX proteins activities. We present the current data regarding the interaction between SOX proteins and signaling pathways and microRNAs that play roles in nervous system development. Finally, future research directions that will improve the knowledge about distinct and various roles of SOX TFs in health and diseases are presented and discussed

Innovation Capacities of Serbian Enterprises Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic

The subject of this is the analysis of the innovation capabilities of enterprises in the Republic of Serbia. The emphasizes the importance of innovation in improving every company's business, regardless of its size or activity, with a particular focus on the enterprises operating in the tourism and hospitality industry. The aims to examine the ability of enterprises in Serbia to find in innovations both – sources of competitive advantage and solutions to the problems they are currently facing. The starts from the assumption that even though the innovation potentials of enterprises in Serbia are not fully utilized, positive tendencies can be recognized in the field of innovative activities. The authors believe that innovation ventures in all business segments, along with abandoning existing practices and patterns of behavior, represent a precondition for overcoming the problems that arose during the COVID-19 pandemic

USE OF BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A IN THE TREATMENT OF SPASTICITY IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

Cerebral palsy has an incidence of about 1-2 per 1000 live births, and in spite of the progress of neonatal medicine, it seems that the incidence will not subside in the near future. The most important characteristic of cerebral palsy is movement abnormality: spasticity, chorea, athetosis, ataxia, dystonia, as well as their different combinations. About 70% of children who suffer from cerebral palsy also suffer from some form of spasticity. Spasticity is a type of muscle hypertonicity characterized by rapid increase in resistance to passive stretching of muscles. The interest for botulinum toxin application in the treatment of spasticity has dramatically increased in the last 10 years. Botulinum toxin is the most powerful neurotoxin that is found in nature. It is produced by anaerobic bacteria – clostridium botulinum. It is produced in eight serotypes of which type A is the most commonly used. Botulinum toxin blocks neuromuscular transmission and causes irreversible weakness of the treated muscle. It has been used since 1993 in the treatment of cerebral palsy in children. The toxin effect is permanent and it results in irreversible denervation. Functional recovery is possible after 2-4 months, due to sprouting of nerve endings and the formation of new synaptic contacts. Treatment with botulinum toxin is safe. Adverse effects are rare, temporary and completely reversible. Application of botulinum toxin prevents or reduces contractures and deformities, and thus delays or avoids surgical treatment. Yet, physical therapy, which prolongs and improves the effects of botulinum toxin, remains an essential and most important form of therapy in the treatment of children with cerebral palsy

Poređenje resorptivnih membrana u vođenoj koštanoj regeneraciji humanog i bovinog porekla

The properties of membranes for guided bone regeneration have been described by a number of authors. These involve biocompatibility, appropriate barrier features (mechanical prevention of soft tissue proliferation), tissue integration, immunologic neutrality, preservation of the space for new alveolar bone, and simplicity of application. Such membrane must hold out against the masticatory forces and tissue tension of the flap, and prevent the collapse of soft tissues and wound space reduction. The property of integration into the tissue guarantees wound stabilization and inhibits epithelial migration. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the influence of human resorbable demineralized membrane (RHDM) and bovine resorbable demineralized membrane (RBDM) on bone regeneration. The experiment, approved by the Ethical Committee, was performed on six dogs and conducted into three phases. Bone defects were created in all six dogs on the left side of the mandible, 8 weeks after extraction of the second, third and fourth premolar. One defect was covered with 200 μm thick RHDM, one with 200 μm thick RBDM, and the third defect was left empty (control defect). The pathohistological analysis was done two, four and six months after the surgery. In the third phase samples of bone tissue were taken and subjected to patohistological analysis. In all six dogs the defects treated with RHDM 200μm thick showed a higher level of bone regeneration in comparison with the defect treated with RBDM 200 μm thick and especially with the control defect. Our results demonstrated that the human membrane showed the least soft tissue ingrowth and promoted better bone formation at 6 months compared with a bovine one.Svojstva membrane za vođenu koštanu regeneraciju opisali su brojni autori. Ona uključuju biokompatibilnost, odgovarajuću barijernu moć (mehaničko sprečavanje proliferacije mekog tkiva), tkivnu integraciju, imunološku inertnost, očuvanje prostora za novu alveolarnu kost i jednostavnost primene. Membrana mora da izdrži sile žvakanja i tkivne tenzije režnja, da spreči kolaps mekih tkiva i smanjenje prostora rane. Svojstvo tkivne integracije omogućava stabilizaciju rane i inhibiciju epitelne migracije. Cilj studije je bio da ispita uticaj humane resorptivne demineralizovane membrane (RHDM) i bovine resorptivne demineralizovane membrane (RBDM) na koštanu regeneraciju i da ih međusobno uporedi. Eksperimentalna studija rađena na 6 pasa rase nemački ovčar, sprovedena je u tri faze. U prvoj fazi izvršena je ekstrakcija drugog, trećeg i četvrtog premolara sa leve strane. Osam nedelja nakon ekstrakcije, formirana su tri defekta na levoj strani mandibule i prekrivena humanom membranom debljine 200μm, bovinom membranom debljine 200 μm a treći defekt je ostavljen prazan (kontrolni defekt). Patohistološka analiza rađena je nakon dva, četiri i šest meseci posle hirurške intervencije. U trećoj fazi uzorci koštanog tkiva podvrgnuti su patohistološkoj analizi. Kod svih 6 pasa, defekti prekriveni humanom membranom debljine 200 μm, pokazali su patohistološkom analizom znatno veći stepen koštane regeneracije u poređenju sa defektima prekrivenim sa bovinom membranom i naročito sa kontrolnim defektom. Naši rezultati su pokazali da je humana membrana pokazala najmanje prorastanje mekim tkivom i bolju koštanu regeneraciju nakon 6 meseci u poređenju sa bovinom

Etching of Uncompensated Convex Corners with Sides along <n10> and <100> in 25 wt% TMAH at 80 °C

This paper presents etching of convex corners with sides along and crystallographic directions in a 25 wt% tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) water solution at 80 °C. We analyzed parallelograms as the mask patterns for anisotropic wet etching of Si (100). The sides of the parallelograms were designed along and crystallographic directions (1 and crystallographic directions were smaller than 45°. All the crystallographic planes that appeared during etching in the experiment were determined. We found that the obtained types of 3D silicon shape sustain when n > 2. The convex corners were not distorted during etching. Therefore, no convex corner compensation is necessary. We fabricated three matrices of parallelograms with sides along crystallographic directions and as examples for possible applications. Additionally, the etching of matrices was simulated by the level set method. We obtained a good agreement between experiments and simulations

Survival of Salmonella spp. in minced meat packaged under vacuum and modified atmosphere

The effect of different modified atmosphere packaging regimes on the behavior of Salmonella spp. on minced meat was studied. Minced meat was experimentally contaminated with a Salmonella spp. cocktail (S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Infantis and S. Arizonae), packaged under vacuum or modified atmosphere with initial headspaces containing (20%O-2/50%CO2/30%N-2 and 20%O-2/30%CO2/50%N-2) and stored at 3 +/- 1 degrees C for 12 days. Samples were analyzed for Salmonella spp., viable and lactic acid bacteria count every third day. Salmonella spp. counts decreased during storage in all packaging types, with reductions of about 1.5 log CFU/g. A significant difference (p < 0.01) was noted between Salmonella spp. counts in meat packaged in vacuum and modified atmospheres, although there was no significant difference in Salmonella spp. count between meat packaged in 50%CO2, and meat packaged in 30%CO2. At the end of the study, there were significant differences (p <0.01; p <0.05) in total viable and lactic acid bacterial counts between meat packaged in vacuum and modified atmosphere, and the lowest counts were noted in meat packaged in modified atmosphere with 50%CO2

Konceptualna i primijenjena okosnica studija informacijskih znanosti na Filozofskome fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu

The interdisciplinary two-year undergraduate Study of Socio-Humanistic Information Science at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb, originated in 1978 in the Department of Linguistics. The corresponding department was established two years later. While the other similar studies worldwide are based on hard sciences, the Zagreb study is connected with social and humanistic sciences in its curriculum. The data from the questionnaire of Zagreb University Committee on Information Science showed that the departments of Faculty of Philosophy offered more subjects in information sciences than any other faculty. Those subjects (just to mention one per department) were: Philosophy with Symbolic Logic, Phonetics with Theory of Information, Comparative Literature with Librarianship, Linguistics with Mathematical Linguistics, Pedagogy with Programmed Learning, History with Archival Science, Art History with Museology, Psychology with Statistics and Sociology with Research Methods. The article deals with the framework of the study and gives the definition of information science

Women’s Entrepreneurship in the Wake of the Covid19 Crisis: The Case of Serbia

The subject of this paper is the evaluation of the position of women entrepreneurs in Serbia in the aftermath of COVID19 outbreak. The research aims to shed light on the main threats and constraints which women entrepreneurs in Serbia are currently facing due to the global pandemic. We hypothesize that women entrepreneurs in Serbia are particularly affected by the negative effects of COVID19 health crisis. With that regard, the standard desk-research method - the analysis and comparison of secondary data was combined with the case study method that included ten in-depth interviews with selected women entrepreneurs in Serbia during the period January - February 2021. The main conclusions are that empowering women entrepreneurs through various support programs as well as financial assistance provided by the state should be in the focus of decision-makers in the years to come. Furthermore, women entrepreneurs in Serbia should consider regional networking as well as entering the new markets as alternative survival strategies