ECONOMICS OF SOME SWINE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS WITH REFERENCE TO ANIMAL WELFARE

Livestock Production/Industries,

The radial evolution of the solar wind, 1-10 AU

The interplanetary plasma and magnetic field observations from 1 to 10 AU are reviewed. Over this distance no clear reduction in average speed is seen. The range of wind speeds becomes smaller though high speed streams are still observed. The density, temperature and magnetic field profiles become dominated by the large values seen in the co-rotating interaction regions. The temperature falls more slowly than would be expected from a simple, adiabatic model. Co-rotating shocks appear beyond approximately 3 AU in Voyager data as opposed to beyond approximately 1.5 AU in the Pioneer data. Reverse shocks appear later than forward shocks; reverse shocks do not begin to appear until approximately 4 AU; reverse shocks appear to decay more rapidly than forward shocks. No clear effect due to interaction with the interstellar medium was seen in this radial range

The influence of emotional reaction on help seeking by victims of school bullying

Research has started to focus on how victims of school bullying cope, but there is still very little understanding if why pupils cope in one way and not another. This paper aimed to examine the effects of gender, school-stage, frequency of victimization and different emotions (anger, vengeance, self-pity, indifference, and helplessness) upon the choice of social support that children report using. Questionnaires were completed by 6282 Maltese schoolchildren aged between 9 and 14 years old. Analyses revealed that specific patterns of emotion and victimization predict whether pupils report using certain sources of social support. Results are discussed in relation to their relevance for possible intervention, future research needs and implications for the theoretical framework used

A low-mass faraday cup experiment for the solar wind

Faraday cups have proven to be very reliable and accurate instruments capable of making 3-D velocity distribution measurements on spinning or 3-axis stabilized spacecraft. Faraday cup instrumentation continues to be appropriate for heliospheric missions. As an example, the reductions in mass possible relative to the solar wind detection system about to be flown on the WIND spacecraft were estimated. Through the use of technology developed or used at the MIT Center for Space Research but were not able to utilize for WIND: surface-mount packaging, field-programmable gate arrays, an optically-switched high voltage supply, and an integrated-circuit power converter, it was estimated that the mass of the Faraday Cup system could be reduced from 5 kg to 1.8 kg. Further redesign of the electronics incorporating hybrid integrated circuits as well as a decrease in the sensor size, with a corresponding increase in measurement cycle time, could lead to a significantly lower mass for other mission applications. Reduction in mass of the entire spacecraft-experiment system is critically dependent on early and continual collaborative efforts between the spacecraft engineers and the experimenters. Those efforts concern a range of issues from spacecraft structure to data systems to the spacecraft power voltage levels. Requirements for flight qualification affect use of newer, lighter electronics packaging and its implementation; the issue of quality assurance needs to be specifically addressed. Lower cost and reduced mass can best be achieved through the efforts of a relatively small group dedicated to the success of the mission. Such a group needs a fixed budget and greater control over quality assurance requirements, together with a reasonable oversight mechanism

Stream dynamics between 1 AU and 2 AU: A detailed comparison of observations and theory

A radial alignment of three solar wind stream structures observed by IMP-7 and -8 (at 1.0 AU) and Voyager 1 and 2 (in the range 1.4 to 1.8 AU) in late 1977 is presented. It is demonstrated that several important aspects of the observed dynamical evolution can be both qualitatively and quantitatively described with a single-fluid 2-D MHD numerical model of quasi-steady corotating flow, including accurate prediction of: (1) the formation of a corotating shock pair at 1.75 AU in the case of a simple, quasi-steady stream; (2) the coalescence of the thermodynamic and magnetic structures associated with the compression regions of two neighboring, interacting, corotating streams; and (3) the dynamical destruction of a small (i.e., low velocity-amplitude, short spatial-scale) stream by its overtaking of a slower moving, high-density region associated with a preceding transient flow. The evolution of these flow systems is discussed in terms of the concepts of filtering and entrainment

The future Scotland wants:Is it really all about sustainable economic growth?

This article analyses the legal and practical implications of the Scottish Government's overall stated objective of increasing sustainable economic growth and the further implications that arise now that the term is formalised in legislation. It draws on the author's previous research into use of legal duties to deliver government objectives and the meaning and delivery of sustainable development and economic development. It is based on a critical review of Scottish Government policy, the provisions of the Regulatory Reform (Scotland) Act 2014, as well as the written and oral evidence submitted to parliamentary committees scrutinising Bills, their reports, and the subsequent Government responses. More broadly, the article examines the relationship between sustainable economic growth and the more widely accepted and used objective of sustainable development as complementary or contrasting policy objectives and legal duties. In doing so, it also aims to demonstrate the difficulties governments face in trying to put flesh on the bones of the Brundtland definition of sustainable development and accelerate progress towards sustainable living.</p

Stress appraisal, coping, and work engagement among police recruits: an exploratory study.

This study investigated the influence of stress appraisal and coping on work engagement levels (Absorption, Vigour, and Dedication) of police recruits. Participants were 387 men, ages 20 to 33 yr. (M = 24.1, SD = 2.4), in their last month of academy training before becoming police officers. Partially in support of predictions, work engagement was associated with Stressor control perceived, but not Stress intensity experienced over a self-selected stressor. Although the three dimensions of work engagement were explained by Stressor control and coping, Absorption was the dimension better explained by these variables. Police recruits reporting higher Absorption, Vigour, and Dedication reported using more Active coping and less Behavioural disengagement. Results showed that stress appraisal and coping are important variables influencing work engagement among police recruits. Findings suggested that future applied interventions fostering work engagement among police recruits should reinforce perceptions of control over a stressor as well as Active coping strategies

Artificial reef for artisanal fisheries enhancement - an attempt off Trivandrum coast

Several demersal fishes arc found to congregate in the vicinity of submerged objects such as reefs, logs, ship-wrecks and rock out-crops where plants and bcnthic animals flourish than in areas where the bottom is flat and barren. These communities serve as food for larger predators. Submerged objects may, at times, provide shelter and even spawning locations for manya- fish. Underwater observations made by divers while retrieving portions of submerged vessels also report that such habitats harbour considerable concentration of fishe

Artificial reef for artisanal fisheries enhancement - An attempt off Trivandrum coast

Reefs were constructed mostly in the sandy region at a depth varying from 5 to 27m. Granite stones of varying sizes were put first on the site selected for the reef construction so as to form a circular or rectangular ridge. Eventhough fishing was done throughout the year in the neighbouring areas, in the reef environment, it is done only during the calm season between November and April. Tthe landing during 1987-'88 from the reef environment was only 59.0 tonnes. A drastic reduction in the landing from the reef environment could be noted during the subsequent year, ie., 1988-'89, with a total of 24.2 tonnes. The percentage contribution of fishes from the artificial reef environment dwindled to 3.6 from 8.5. Fishes like Decapterus dayi, Carangoides plagiotaenia, Priacanthus hamrur, Sphyraena sp. Rastrelliger kanagurta and Nemipterus spp. dominated the catch of the reef region. From the present study the general guidelines for the placement of artificial reefs are suggested