GESTÃO AMBIENTAL SOB A ÓTICA DE UM CENTRO AUTOMOTIVO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NA CIDADE DE SANTA MARIA/RS

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117013631For companies linked to the auto industry, the concern for the environment is paramount, especially for generating large quantities and variety of environmentally harmful waste. Andrade et al (2002), one of the strategies for these organizations is to improve their production processes, with the elimination/reduction of losses and waste generation throughout the value chain. The aim of this study is to identify the applicability of an environmental management program in a Automotive Center located in Santa Maria/RS. For this we carried out a survey of bibliographic and descriptive nature of qualitative approach with the strategy case study. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews with the manager of the company and previously structured questionnaire administered to employees. The results obtained show that the company seeks to dispose waste in an environmentally friendly way, still needing enhance these processes. Regarding the implementation of the EMS - is it important to measure the cost of all benefits provided to the company, such as reinforcing a positive image of the company, before compliance with environmental laws, clean and safe work environment, reducing the risk of accidents and waste disposal .http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117013631Para as empresas ligadas ao setor automobilístico a preocupação com o meio ambiente é primordial, principalmente por gerar grande quantidade e variedade de resíduos prejudiciais ao meio ambiente. Para Andrade et al (2002), uma das estratégias para essas organizações é aprimorar seus processos produtivos, com a eliminação/redução de perdas e geração de resíduos ao longo da cadeia de valor. O objetivo desse estudo é de identificar a aplicabilidade de um programa de gestão ambiental em um Centro Automotivo localizado na cidade de Santa Maria/RS. Para isso realizou-se uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfica e descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa tendo como estratégia o estudo de caso. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada junto ao gestor da empresa e questionário previamente estruturado aplicado aos colaboradores. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a empresa procura descartar resíduos de forma ambientalmente correta, ainda que necessite aprimorar esses processos. Em relação à implementação do SGA, faz-se importante mensurar os custos com todos os benefícios proporcionados à empresa, tais como, reforço de uma imagem positiva da empresa, conformidade perante as leis ambientais, ambiente de trabalho limpo e seguro, redução do risco de acidentes e do descarte inapropriado de resíduos

GESTÃO AMBIENTAL SOB A ÓTICA DE UM CENTRO AUTOMOTIVO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NA CIDADE DE SANTA MARIA/RS

For companies linked to the auto industry, the concern for the environment is paramount, especially for generating large quantities and variety of environmentally harmful waste. Andrade et al (2002), one of the strategies for these organizations is to improve their production processes, with the elimination/reduction of losses and waste generation throughout the value chain. The aim of this study is to identify the applicability of an environmental management program in a Automotive Center located in Santa Maria/RS. For this we carried out a survey of bibliographic and descriptive nature of qualitative approach with the strategy case study. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews with the manager of the company and previously structured questionnaire administered to employees. The results obtained show that the company seeks to dispose waste in an environmentally friendly way, still needing enhance these processes. Regarding the implementation of the EMS - is it important to measure the cost of all benefits provided to the company, such as reinforcing a positive image of the company, before compliance with environmental laws, clean and safe work environment, reducing the risk of accidents and waste disposal .Para as empresas ligadas ao setor automobilístico a preocupação com o meio ambiente é primordial, principalmente por gerar grande quantidade e variedade de resíduos prejudiciais ao meio ambiente. Para Andrade et al (2002), uma das estratégias para essas organizações é aprimorar seus processos produtivos, com a eliminação/redução de perdas e geração de resíduos ao longo da cadeia de valor. O objetivo desse estudo é de identificar a aplicabilidade de um programa de gestão ambiental em um Centro Automotivo localizado na cidade de Santa Maria/RS. Para isso realizou-se uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfica e descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa tendo como estratégia o estudo de caso. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada junto ao gestor da empresa e questionário previamente estruturado aplicado aos colaboradores. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a empresa procura descartar resíduos de forma ambientalmente correta, ainda que necessite aprimorar esses processos. Em relação à implementação do SGA, faz-se importante mensurar os custos com todos os benefícios proporcionados à empresa, tais como, reforço de uma imagem positiva da empresa, conformidade perante as leis ambientais, ambiente de trabalho limpo e seguro, redução do risco de acidentes e do descarte inapropriado de resíduos

Improved Adsorption of the Toxic Herbicide Diuron Using Activated Carbon Obtained from Residual Cassava Biomass (Manihot esculenta)

The production and consumption of cassava (Manihot esculenta) occur in several places worldwide, producing large volumes of waste, mostly in the form of bark. This study sought to bring a new purpose to this biomass through producing activated carbon to use as an adsorbent to remove the herbicide Diuron from water. It was observed that the carbon contains the functional groups of methyl, carbonyl, and hydroxyl in a strongly amorphous structure. The activated carbon had a surface area of 613.7 m2 g−1, a pore volume of 0.337 cm3 g−1, and a pore diameter of 1.18 nm. The Freundlich model was found to best describe the experimental data. It was observed that an increase in temperature favored adsorption, reaching a maximum experimental capacity of 222 mg g−1 at 328 K. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption was spontaneous, favorable, and endothermic. The enthalpy of adsorption magnitude was consistent with physical adsorption. Equilibrium was attained within 120 min. The linear driving force (LDF) model provided a strong statistical match to the kinetic curves. Diffusivity (Ds) and the model coefficient (KLDF) both increased with a rise in herbicide concentration. The adsorbent removed up to 68% of pollutants in a simulated effluent containing different herbicides. Activated carbon with zinc chloride (ZnCl2), produced from leftover cassava husks, was shown to be a viable alternative as an adsorbent for the treatment of effluents containing not only the herbicide Diuron but also a mixture of other herbicides

Application of araçá fruit husks (Psidium cattleianum) in the preparation of activated carbon with FeCl3 for atrazine herbicide adsorption

The residual husks of the edible fruits of Psidium cattleianum were carbonized with FeCl3 as an activating agent and used as an adsorbent to remove the toxic herbicide. After the carbonization step, changes in the material’s structure were found. Activated carbon showed characteristics of microporous materials with a pore volume of 0.280 cm3 g−1 and surface area of 431 m2 g−1. Micrographs revealed the emergence of new cavities with a uniform and circular shape. The FTIR spectra showed the disappearance of some bands, remaining bands belonging to functional groups containing carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. The XRD patterns confirmed the amorphous structure of the material even after the carbonization step, composed of amorphous graphitic carbon. EDS analysis showed that the carbon percentage increased and the oxygen decreased after the carbonization. The experiments were performed at neutral pH using 1 g L−1 of adsorbent. In equilibrium isotherms, the temperature played a considerable role in the adsorption capacity, increasing from 26.39 mg g−1 to 35.67 mg g−1 when the temperature varied from 298 to 328 K. The Liu isotherms were the ones that best fit the isotherm data. The changes in the adsorption enthalpy were endothermic (ΔH° 129.5 kJ mol−1). The general order kinetic model was the most adequate for kinetic data, presenting the lowest values of the Bayesian Information Criterion. Thus, activated carbon developed from the residues of the “araça” fruit showed promise in removing atrazine from aqueous solutions, with the great advantage of its high efficiency under neutral pH solutions and mild temperatures

Microporous activated carbon from the fruits of the invasive species Hovenia dulcis to remove the herbicide atrazine from waters

The species Hovenia dulcis has become a major issue for the Brazilian biome due to its high adaptation and accelerated propagation, putting the local biodiversity at risk. In this sense, this study sought to generate a new purpose for the fruits of this peculiar species. They were carbonized with ZnCl2 to produce porous activated carbon, which was used to remove the herbicide atrazine from aqueous solutions. The Hovenia dulcis activated carbon (Hd-AC) presented a surface area of 898.4 m2/g, with narrow pores with an average diameter of 1.24 nm and a pore volume of 0.296 cm3 g−1. Hd-AC for atrazine adsorption was efficient at a pH of 6.0 for an adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g/L, where the adsorption capacity was 58 mg g−1 at 328 K. The isothermal curves showed a good adjustment to the Freundlich isotherm. The thermodynamic results indicated that herbicide adsorption was spontaneous, favorable, and endothermic (ΔH° = 8.21 kJ mol−1). Besides, the linear driving force model (LDF) was used satisfactorily to describe the kinetic behavior of atrazine. Also, in treating a sample of river water contaminated with atrazine, Hd-AC showed high performance, reaching the removal of 70 % of the emerging pollutant. Therefore, using the residual fruits of the Hovenia dulcis as biomass to prepare a highly porous adsorbent reveals a promising alternative

Preparation of activated carbon from the residues of the mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) production chain for the adsorption of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic herbicide

The production of the edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus occurs on a world scale, where tons are constantly produced. At the same time, this production generates a large amount of waste that needs to be adequately conditioned. Therefore, mushroom residues were used to develop activated carbon for the removal of 2,4-D—the developed adsorbent showed a microporous structure with several spaces on the surface. The FTIR analysis showed that the activated carbon has functional groups such as aromatic rings, carboxylate, hydroxyl. It was found that the optimum adsorption of the 2,4-D occurs at pH 4 and adsorbent dosage of 0.4 g L−1; The equilibrium data were better fitted to the Freundlich model. However, for calculating the thermodynamic parameters, it was considered the Langmuir equilibrium constant (KL). The value of Langmuir Qmax was 241.7 mg g−1 at 298 K. The thermodynamic behavior indicated a spontaneous and favorable, and exothermic. The magnitude of the adsorption enthalpy is in agreement with physical adsorption. System equilibrium was attained before 30 min regardless of 2,4-D concentration. The kinetic curves showed good statistical adjustment to the linear driving force (LDF) model, with capacity values close to the experimental ones (qexp = 194.6 mg g−1; qpred = 187.3 mg g−1), at 100 mg L−1 of 2,4-D. The adsorbent removed up to 70% of the simulated effluent when using the Jacuí river as the sample. Regeneration studies showed that the activated carbon could be used up to 9 times without losing significant efficiency. Last, the process cost production was estimated to be 2.39 USD kg−1 of activated carbon. Therefore, it can be concluded that activated carbon developed from edible mushroom residues is a promising alternative as an adsorbent for the treatment of actual effluents containing 2,4-D herbicide

Fish and fishery products trade in Brazil, 2005 to 2015: A review of available data and trends

Along the last ten years fish and fishery product trade in Brazil has been on a downward trajectory turning a profit of US$98.6 million in 2005 into a loss of US$ 1.25 billion by 2014. On the other hand, the country is a leading producer of grains and has the third largest animal feed industry in the world, which has added 5.5 million hectares of freshwater reservoirs and 3.5 million km2 of an exclusive marine economic zone in the same period, a sizable potential for development of the aquaculture industry. This study aims at unveiling strategies for the reduction of the deficit in the Brazilian seafood trade balance, based on critical analysis of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of imported fishery products. The fish and fishery product trade in Brazil, from 2005 to 2015, was studied considering import and export data mined from the Brazilian Ministry of Development, Industry and Commerce databases through the Aliceweb system, and clustered as follows: processing; product species; origin; conservation; and group. The main imported products were gutted fresh fish, highest price (salmon); salted dried fish, higher price (cod); frozen fish fillets, lowest price (fish and hake). The replacement of fish imports by domestic production is not enough to enable consumers to identify the equivalence between products (technical, qualitative or organoleptic). Developing strategies for the production of fish and fishery products at competitive prices and quantities that meet consumer demand is an immediate need, and the development of the aquaculture industry a rational strategy