46 research outputs found

    Los Salarios Nominales y Reales en España, durante la Década del Desarrollo

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    Tesis Univ. Complutense de Madrid,Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesTRUEProQuestpu

    Los Salarios Nominales y Reales en España, durante la Década del Desarrollo

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    Tesis Univ. Complutense de Madrid,Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesTRUEProQuestpu

    Model-based analysis of a concrete building subjected to fire

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    Draft paper: to be presented at Advanced Research Workshop on Fire Computer Modelling, Santander, Spain, 19 October 2007A case study is presented of the Windsor Tower fire in Madrid, a mainly concrete-framed office block, which was involved in a major, multiple floor fire in February 2005. The performance of the structure is documented and examined using all available methods, including analysis of data on the fire and computer modelling of the fire and structure. Holistic structural performance during a fire is more complex than the effects of fire upon individual members which make up the structure. In concrete structures, fire conditions can have a variety of structural effects, both positive and negative, beyond the deterioration of the mechanical properties of the material. In order to properly understand the performance of concrete buildings, comprehensive models, which account for all relevant factors, are required. One of the key challenges is the limited data available from well-instrumented full-scale tests on whole concrete structures, compared to the large amount of data on the behaviour of individual concrete members and the large number of experiments carried out on steel and composite steel/concrete structures. Here, a systematic approach is adopted for modelling, building up from fundamental, but simplified, analyses. The fire conditions have been computed using simplified analyses and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) modelling. Similarly, the thermal and mechanical response of the structure is assessed using simplified analyses and Finite Element Method (FEM) modelling. The CFD simulations provide the fire exposure histories of the structural members. The FEM calculations have examined the structural effects of changes to the concrete properties due to increased temperature. Extrapolation of results can examine redundancies within a building and their mobilisation to prevent collapse of the structure in the case of fire. The paper gives an introduction to the Windsor Tower structure, the fire itself and further details of the methods used in modelling the fire and structural response. Model sizing, structural properties and failure modes are discussed along with initial analysis

    Analysis of thermal fields generated by natural fires on the structural elements of tall buildings

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    The Windsor Tower in Madrid was involved in a major fire, on 12-13 February 2005, which caused extensive structural damage to the upper floors of the building. This fire has provoked intense interest amongst researchers hoping to better understand the performance of concrete structures in fire. A research team integrated for Group GIDAI (University of Cantabria –Spain) and BRE Centre for Fire Safety Engineering (The Edinburgh University – UK) has begun a study with the purpose of properly characterising the fire and the performance of the structure. The objectives of the study are (1) to analyze the fire growth conditions in order to understand the fire propagation mechanisms between floors of the building, using computational fire modelling, and (2) to evaluate the response of the structure to the fire. The research undertaken on the fire propagation on the 21st floor, the origin of the fire, has allowed assessment of the severity conditions reached as consequence of the fully-developed fire, due the combustion of the present flammable materials. Starting from these results, characteristic curves of heat release rate representative of the real fire have been determined, to facilitate study of the thermal attack (temperatures, heat flux, etc.) on the structural elements. The tools used for this purpose were the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) LES code, developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and the SOFIE RANS code. These results will allow, in the next stages, to make use of finite element methods to obtain the corresponding thermal and mechanical state (stress and strain) of each element due to these conditions

    PhDay Educación 2019. V Jornadas de Investigación. Libro de Actas

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    Todas las contribuciones presentadas en este Libro de Actas forman parte de la evaluación de seguimiento de los doctorandos de segundo año a tiempo completo y tercer año a tiempo parcial del Programa de Doctorado en Educación de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Cada trabajo ha sido revisado formalmente por el comité organizador y valorado por los directores y tutores de tesis. Asimismo, cada doctorando ha recibido mejoras por otros estudiantes del programa que han podido incluir antes de la finalización del presente documento

    A Priori Modelling of Fire Test One

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    Chapter 10 in the book: The Dalmarnock Fire Tests: Experiments and Modelling, Edited by G. Rein, C. Abecassis Empis and R. Carvel, Published by the School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, 2007. ISBN 978-0-9557497-0-4An international round-robin study of fire modelling was conducted prior to the Dalmarnock Fire Tests in order to assess the state-of-the-art of fire modelling in real scenarios. The philosophy behind the Dalmarnock Fire Tests was to provide instrumentation density suitable for comparison to field models and designed the scenario for maximum test reproducibility. Each participating team independently simulated a priori the test using a common detailed description of the compartment geometry, fuel packages, ignition source and ventilation conditions. The aim of the exercise was to forecast the test results as accurately as possible, and not to provide an engineering analysis with adequate conservative assumptions or safety factors. The modelling results and experimental measurements are compared among themselves, allowing for conclusions on the robustness, reliability and accuracy of current modelling practices. The results indicate large scatter and considerable disparity among predicted fires and also differing from the experimental data. The Dalmarnock Fire Test One was benchmarked against a second test to establish the potential experimental variability. The scatter of the simulations is much larger than the experimental error and the experimental variability. The study emphasises on the inherent difficulty of predicting fire dynamics and demonstrates that the main source of scatter is originated in the many degrees of freedom and the uncertainty in the input parameters. The conclusions from the study are made public to encourage debate and exchange of views on the topic of fire modelling

    Genome-wide profiling of non-smoking-related lung cancer cells reveals common RB1 rearrangements associated with histopathologic transformation in EGFR-mutant tumors.

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    The etiology and the molecular basis of lung adenocarcinomas (LuADs) in nonsmokers are currently unknown. Furthermore, the scarcity of available primary cultures continues to hamper our biological understanding of non-smoking-related lung adenocarcinomas (NSK-LuADs). We established patient-derived cancer cell (PDC) cultures from metastatic NSK-LuADs, including two pairs of matched EGFR-mutant PDCs before and after resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and then performed whole-exome and RNA sequencing to delineate their genomic architecture. For validation, we analyzed independent cohorts of primary LuADs. In addition to known non-smoker-associated alterations (e.g. RET, ALK, EGFR, and ERBB2), we discovered novel fusions and recurrently mutated genes, including ATF7IP, a regulator of gene expression, that was inactivated in 5% of primary LuAD cases. We also found germline mutations at dominant familiar-cancer genes, highlighting the importance of genetic predisposition in the origin of a subset of NSK-LuADs. Furthermore, there was an over-representation of inactivating alterations at RB1, mostly through complex intragenic rearrangements, in treatment-naive EGFR-mutant LuADs. Three EGFR-mutant and one EGFR-wild-type tumors acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs and chemotherapy, respectively, and histology on re-biopsies revealed the development of small-cell lung cancer/squamous cell carcinoma (SCLC/LuSCC) transformation. These features were consistent with RB1 inactivation and acquired EGFR-T790M mutation or FGFR3-TACC3 fusion in EGFR-mutant tumors. We found recurrent alterations in LuADs that deserve further exploration. Our work also demonstrates that a subset of NSK-LuADs arises within cancer-predisposition syndromes. The preferential occurrence of RB1 inactivation, via complex rearrangements, found in EGFR-mutant tumors appears to favor SCLC/LuSCC transformation under growth-inhibition pressures. Thus RB1 inactivation may predict the risk of LuAD transformation to a more aggressive type of lung cancer, and may need to be considered as a part of the clinical management of NSK-LuADs patients.This work was supported by the Fundacion Cientifica Asociacion Española Contra el Cancer-AECC (grant number GCB14142170MONT) to LMM, MS-C, and EF; the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity-MINECO (grant number SAF-2017-82186R to MS-C; Rio Hortega-CM17/00180 to MS; PROYBAR17005NADA to EN); the Health Institute Carlos III-ISCIII, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER (grant Number PT13/0001/0044, PT17/0009/0019, PI16 01821); the Government of Navarra (grant number DIANA project); and the Ramon Areces Foundation (no grant number is applicable) to LMM and RP.S

    Round-robin study of a priori modelling predictions of the Dalmarnock Fire Test One

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    Peer-reviewed journal paper published in 2009 about the international modelling exercise conducted in 2006.An international study of fire modelling was conducted prior to the Dalmarnock Fire Test One in order to assess the state-of-the-art of fire simulations using a round-robin approach. This test forms part of the Dalmarnock Fire Tests, a series of experiments conducted in 2006 in a high-rise building. The philosophy behind the tests was to provide measurements in a realistic fire scenario involving multiple fuel packages and non-trivial fire growth, and with an instrumentation density suitable for comparison with computational fluid dynamics models. Each of the seven round-robin teams independently simulated the test scenario a priori using a common detailed description of the compartment geometry, fuel packages, ignition source and ventilation conditions. The aim of the exercise was to forecast the fire development as accurately as possible and compare the results. The aim was not to provide an engineering analysis with conservative assumptions or safety factors. Comparison of the modelling results shows a large scatter and considerable disparity among the predictions, and between predictions and experimental measurements. The scatter of the simulations is much larger than the error and variability expected in the experiments. The study emphasises on the inherent difficulty of modelling fire dynamics in complex fire scenarios like Dalmarnock, and shows that the accuracy to predict fire growth (i.e. evolution of the heat released rate) is, in general, poor

    A Customized Pigmentation SNP Array Identifies a Novel SNP Associated with Melanoma Predisposition in the SLC45A2 Gene

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    As the incidence of Malignant Melanoma (MM) reflects an interaction between skin colour and UV exposure, variations in genes implicated in pigmentation and tanning response to UV may be associated with susceptibility to MM. In this study, 363 SNPs in 65 gene regions belonging to the pigmentation pathway have been successfully genotyped using a SNP array. Five hundred and ninety MM cases and 507 controls were analyzed in a discovery phase I. Ten candidate SNPs based on a p-value threshold of 0.01 were identified. Two of them, rs35414 (SLC45A2) and rs2069398 (SILV/CKD2), were statistically significant after conservative Bonferroni correction. The best six SNPs were further tested in an independent Spanish series (624 MM cases and 789 controls). A novel SNP located on the SLC45A2 gene (rs35414) was found to be significantly associated with melanoma in both phase I and phase II (P<0.0001). None of the other five SNPs were replicated in this second phase of the study. However, three SNPs in TYR, SILV/CDK2 and ADAMTS20 genes (rs17793678, rs2069398 and rs1510521 respectively) had an overall p-value<0.05 when considering the whole DNA collection (1214 MM cases and 1296 controls). Both the SLC45A2 and the SILV/CDK2 variants behave as protective alleles, while the TYR and ADAMTS20 variants seem to function as risk alleles. Cumulative effects were detected when these four variants were considered together. Furthermore, individuals carrying two or more mutations in MC1R, a well-known low penetrance melanoma-predisposing gene, had a decreased MM risk if concurrently bearing the SLC45A2 protective variant. To our knowledge, this is the largest study on Spanish sporadic MM cases to date
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