Automatic processing system for shadowgraph and interference patterns

The design and operation of an automatic system for the processing of shadowgraph and interference images are described. The system includes a two-coordinate processing table with an optical system for the projection of transparent images onto the photodetector, an image filter in the photodetector field, and a device for controlling the movement of the table and transmitting information to the minicomputer

Quantum Oscillations of Elastic Moduli and Softening of Phonon Modes in Metals

In this paper we present a theoretical analysis of the effect of magnetostriction on quantum oscillations of elastic constants in metals under strong magnetic fields. It is shown that at low temperatures a significant softening of some acoustic modes could occur near peaks of quantum oscillations of the electron density of states (DOS) at the Fermi surface (FS). This effect is caused by a magnetic instability of a special kind, and it can give rise to a lattice instability. We also show that the most favorable conditions for this instability to be revealed occur in metals whose Fermi surfaces include nearly cylindrical segments.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur

Coherent lidars based on intracavity heterodyning of echo signals

The development and technical realization of the method of laser sounding of the atmosphere based on the effects of mixing of reference and external fields of scattering inside a laser cavity are presented. An approximate theory of the method was developed on the basis of the investigations using the model of a three-mirror laser. The nonlinear effect of a wideband laser on frequency-dependent external influences of the atmosphere was investigated. The field measurements of gaseous composition of the atmosphere were performed on the basis of a given method of coherent reception using a tunable CO2 laser

Electrical control of optical orientation of neutral and negatively charged excitons in n-type semiconductor quantum well

We report a giant electric field induced increase of spin orientation of excitons in n-type GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well. It correlates strongly with the formation of negatively charged excitons (trions) in the photoluminescence spectra. Under resonant excitation of neutral heavy-hole excitons, the polarization of excitons and trions increases dramatically with electrical injection of electrons within the narrow exciton-trion bias transition in the PL spectra, implying a polarization sensitivity of 200 % per Volt. This effect results from a very efficient trapping of neutral excitons by the quantum well interfacial fluctuations (so-called "natural" quantum dots) containing resident electrons.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figure

Transformación digital de la economía rusa: desafiando el rango más alto en el desarrollo de la innovación global

A simple prognostic method was applied to estimate the percentage ratio of the digital economy in Russia’s GDP relying on technology solutions expenditure and sectoral investment. The research indicates a significant impact of Russia’s digital sector on innovation development in B2B, B2G, and B2C segments. The prognostic analysis shows the extension of on-line education, social networking, e-commerce, private and corporate banking, and end-to-end technology solutions in manufacturing. The findings point at the opportunity for the sectoral investment extension and steady annual growth 7-8 % in the next few years. Due to requirements on updating the technological solutions in the related public services, the digital sphere can support the annual growth in the national economy by 1,0-1,2 % until 2024. Respectively the digital economy in Russia will be growing faster the world's average to provide the sector’s contribution of 8,0-8,1 % in GDP by 2024. The findings show the digital platforms are becoming a driver for innovation development integrating the production process, cloud resources, data analysis, and e-learning services. The research contains hints on improving the research efficiency and winning the talent battle that promises to improve the country’s global innovation and economic ranks.Un método de pronóstico simple aplicado para estimar la relación porcentual de la economía digital en el PIB de Rusia que se basa en el gasto en soluciones tecnológicas y la inversión sectorial. La investigación indica un impacto significativo del sector digital de Rusia en el desarrollo de la innovación en los segmentos B2B, B2G y B2C. El análisis de pronóstico muestra la extensión de la educación en línea, las redes sociales, el comercio electrónico, la banca privada y corporativa y las soluciones tecnológicas integrales en la fabricación. Los hallazgos apuntan a una oportunidad para la extensión de la inversión sectorial y un crecimiento anual constante del 7-8% en los próximos años. Debido a los requisitos de actualización de las soluciones tecnológicas en los servicios públicos relacionados, la esfera digital puede soportar el crecimiento anual de la economía nacional en un 1,0-1,2% hasta 2024. Respectivamente, la economía digital en Rusia crecerá más rápido que la media mundial para proporcionar la contribución del sector 8,0-8,1% en el PIB para 2024. Los hallazgos muestran que las plataformas digitales se están convirtiendo en un motor para el desarrollo de la innovación integrando el proceso de producción, los recursos en la nube, el análisis de datos y los servicios de aprendizaje electrónico. La investigación contiene sugerencias para mejorar la eficiencia de la investigación y ganar la batalla del talento que promete mejorar la innovación global y la clasificación económica del país

Formação da teoria verbocêntrica da sentença no final do século XIX - segundo terço do século XX

The development of some provisions of the verbocentric theory of sentence covers the article. The interdisciplinary nature of the theory is proved, since it is realized at the intersection of lexicology, semantics, morphology, word formation and syntax. The provisions of the verbocentric theory in the works of Russian and foreign scientists of the late XIX - second third of the XX century are analyzed. The main approaches to determining the role of the Russian verb in the structure of the sentence are revealed. According to the first approach, the subject is the top of the sentence. According to the second approach, the subject and predicate are equal members of the sentence. According to the third approach, there is no equality between the subject and the predicate, since the verb in the sentence occupies a dominant position.El desarrollo de algunas disposiciones de la teoría verbocéntrica de la oración cubre el artículo. La naturaleza interdisciplinaria de la teoría está demostrada, ya que se realiza en la intersección de lexicología, semántica, morfología, formación de palabras y sintaxis. Se analizan las disposiciones de la teoría verbocéntrica en los trabajos de científicos rusos y extranjeros de finales del siglo XIX - segundo tercio del siglo XX. Se revelan los principales enfoques para determinar el papel del verbo ruso en la estructura de la oración. Según el primer enfoque, el sujeto es la parte superior de la oración. De acuerdo con el segundo enfoque, el sujeto y el predicado son miembros iguales de la oración. Según el tercer enfoque, no hay igualdad entre el sujeto y el predicado, ya que el verbo en la oración ocupa una posición dominante.O desenvolvimento de algumas disposições da teoria verbocêntrica da sentença abrange o artigo. A natureza interdisciplinar da teoria é comprovada, uma vez que é realizada na intersecção entre lexicologia, semântica, morfologia, formação de palavras e sintaxe. As disposições da teoria verbocêntrica nas obras de cientistas russos e estrangeiros do final do século XIX - segundo terço do século XX são analisadas. As principais abordagens para determinar o papel do verbo russo na estrutura da sentença são reveladas. De acordo com a primeira abordagem, o assunto é o topo da frase. De acordo com a segunda abordagem, o sujeito e o predicado são membros iguais da sentença. De acordo com a terceira abordagem, não há igualdade entre o sujeito e o predicado, uma vez que o verbo na frase ocupa uma posição dominante

THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOGICAL THINKING IN JUNIOR STUDENTS THROUGH PROJECT-BASED LEARNING

El artículo da una nueva mirada al método de desarrollo del pensamiento lógico en alumnos de tercer año basado en la correlación entre el modelo original y el que hace posible, a diferencia de los métodos tradicionales, desarrollar el pensamiento del habla, las estructuras intelectuales y las operaciones lógicas de los alumnos de manera más efectiva. . Con la ayuda de los enfoques epistemológico, de actividad sistémica y de entorno, se determina una estrategia para desarrollar el pensamiento lógico de los alumnos a través del aprendizaje basado en proyectos que se basa en la correlación entre el modelo original y el original. Asegura el desarrollo efectivo de a) la actividad intelectual de los escolares b) el pensamiento c) la memoria lógica. El estudio demuestra la efectividad de la tecnología presentada, lo que implica 1) sumergirse en el proyecto, así como especificar sus metas y objetivos; 2) organizar y planificar las actividades de los alumnos; 3) resolver las etapas principales del proyecto; 4) llevar a cabo el proyecto y su presentación; 5) evaluar los resultados. Con base en los datos de la investigación, se destacaron los siguientes criterios: análisis, síntesis, comparación, clasificación, generalización y algunos otros criterios que permitieron determinar tres niveles del desarrollo del fenómeno en cuestión. Nuestro método proporciona una mejora significativa de los resultados de la investigación y garantiza la formación de actividades de investigación, informativas, regulatorias y analíticas de aprendizaje universal (ULA). La evaluación de la efectividad y validez del método propuesto se corrobora mediante cálculos para el criterio de Fisher (criterio φ *). Los resultados comparativos de la investigación antes y después del experimento a alto nivel son 3.564. Los valores empíricos obtenidos de φ * están en el área de significancia. H0 se rechaza (el eje de significancia = 1.64–2.31). Por lo tanto, el método en cuestión tiene un grave impacto en el desarrollo del pensamiento lógico a través del aprendizaje basado en proyectos de alumnos menores.O artigo analisa o método de desenvolver o raciocínio lógico em alunos juniores com base na correlação entre o original e o modelo e possibilita, diferentemente dos métodos tradicionais, desenvolver o raciocínio, estruturas intelectuais e operações lógicas dos alunos de maneira mais eficaz. Com o auxílio das abordagens epistemológicas, de atividade sistêmica e do meio, é determinada uma estratégia para o desenvolvimento do pensamento lógico dos alunos por meio da aprendizagem baseada em projetos, baseada na correlação entre o original e o modelo. Garante o desenvolvimento efetivo de a) atividade intelectual das crianças em idade escolar b) pensamento c) memória lógica. O estudo comprova a eficácia da tecnologia apresentada, que implica 1) imersão no projeto, além de especificar suas metas e objetivos; 2) organização e planejamento das atividades dos alunos; 3) elaboração das principais etapas do projeto; 4) realização do projeto e sua apresentação; 5) avaliando os resultados. Com base nos dados da pesquisa, foram destacados os seguintes critérios: análise, síntese, comparação, classificação, generalização e outros critérios que permitiram determinar três níveis de desenvolvimento do fenômeno em questão. Nosso método fornece uma melhoria significativa dos resultados da pesquisa e garante a formação de atividades de aprendizagem universais (ULAs) informativas, regulatórias e analíticas. A avaliação da eficácia e validade do método proposto é corroborada por cálculos para o critério de Fisher (critério φ *). Os resultados comparativos da pesquisa antes e após o experimento em alto nível são 3.564. Os valores empíricos obtidos de φ * estão na área de significância. H0 é rejeitado (o eixo de significância = 1.64-2.31). Assim, o método em questão tem um sério impacto no desenvolvimento do pensamento lógico através da aprendizagem baseada em projetos de alunos juniores.The article takes a new look at the method of developing logical thinking in junior students based on the correlation between the original and the model and making it possible, unlike traditional methods, to develop students’ speech thinking, intellectual structures, and logical operations more effectively. With the aid of the epistemological, systemic-activity, and milieu approaches, a strategy for developing students’ logical thinking through project-based learning that is premised on the correlation between the original and the model is determined. It ensures the effective development of a) schoolchildren’s intellectual activity b) thinking c) logical memory. The study proves the effectiveness of the presented technology, that implies 1) immersing in the project as well as specifying its goals and objectives; 2) organizing and planning students’ activities; 3) working out the main stages of the project; 4) carrying out the project and its presentation; 5) evaluating the results. Based on the research data, the following criteria were singled out analysis, synthesis, comparison, classification, generalization, and some other criteria, which allowed determining three levels of the development of the phenomenon in question. Our method provides for a significant improvement of the results of the research and ensures the formation of research, informational, regulatory, and analytical universal learning activities (ULAs). The assessment of the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method are corroborated by calculations for the Fisher’s criterion (φ*-criterion). The comparative results of the research before and after the experiment at the high level are 3.564. The obtained empirical values of φ * are in the area of significance. H0 is rejected (the significance axis = 1.64–2.31). Thus, the method in question has a serious impact on the development of logical thinking through project-based learning of junior students