Pathways to inflated responsibility beliefs in adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder: a preliminary investigation

Background: An inflated sense of responsibility is characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). No previous studies have investigated its origins. Five potential pathways to inflated responsibility beliefs have been proposed; these are tested in this study. Method: A novel measure, the Origins Questionnaire for Adolescents (OQA), was developed to assess experiences on these five pathways. Reliability of the OQA was investigated. The experiences on the five pathways to inflated responsibility beliefs of sixteen adolescents with a history of OCD were compared to sixteen adolescents with no history of OCD. Parents also reported on adolescents’ experiences on the five pathways. Results: Inter-rater reliability was high. The internal consistency of the subscales were only partly satisfactory. The groups differed on one pathway; the clinical group reported a higher sense of responsibility for significant incidents with a negative outcome prior to onset of OCD. Conclusions: An inflated sense of responsibility, in combination with the occurrence of specific incidents, might act as a vulnerability factor for development of OCD. Future research should consider how to measure the subtle effects of experiences of responsibility over the course of development

Participation and poverty reduction

This paper examines the relationship between community participation and the efficacy of interventions designed to reduce poverty. We develop some simple analytics that are used to structure a review of the extant literature and motivate the analysis of the impact of participation on the efficacy of public works interventions in South Africa.Community participation. ,Poverty alleviation. ,South Africa. ,Public works. ,

Participation and poverty reduction

This paper examines the relationship between community participation and the efficacy of interventions designed to reduce poverty. We develop some simple analytics that are used to structure a review of the extant literature and motivate the analysis of the impact of participation on the efficacy of public works interventions in South Africa.Community participation. ,Poverty alleviation. ,South Africa. ,Public works. ,

Elm Farm Research Centre Bulletin with Technical Updates from the Organic Advisory Service 80

A collection of technical, policy and research articles on organic food and food system

Body Length, Activity Level, and Avoidance Learning in Zebrafish Exposed to Nicotine as Embryos

Smoking continues to be a significant health problem in the United States and throughout the world. One of the many aspects of the health risks of smoking that have been investigated is the effect of maternal smoking on developing embryos. In particular, exposure of embryos to nicotine is believed to cause attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and related problems in children. Both correlational research with humans and experimental research with animals have supported this belief. However, the mechanisms of the effect of nicotine on developing embryos are not fully understood. The zebrafish offers a useful model of the effects of nicotine on developing organisms because its development is fast, well understood, and easily observable. Also, the embryo can be exposed to nicotine without concern for many of the intermediate factors that are present in research with conventional models (e.g., the rat), such as the effect of nicotine on the placenta. This study was an exploratory attempt to establish the zebrafish as a model for the effects of embryonic nicotine (EN) exposure. Zebrafish eggs were exposed to two levels of nicotine during the first eight hours after fertilization. These subjects and a group of controls were measured on three variables at different stages of development: body length, activity level, and avoidance learning. Results showed that EN exposure caused a significant decrease in growth and a significant increase in activity level. Thus, the zebrafish responds to EN exposure in a manner similar to that observed in other models and in humans. Further research on the mechanisms of the effect of EN exposure may be possible using the zebrafish

"One Glimpse and Vanished": The Limits of Representation in Samuel Beckett's Criticism and Fiction

This thesis examines how philosophical influence shaped the representation of vision in Beckett’s critical writing and fiction. In order to undertake this analysis, I draw on trends within Beckett studies, especially those focused on the relationship between Beckett and phenomenology, while also seeking to draw on textual and rhetorical approaches from outside Beckett studies. Beckett’s writing and thinking on visual art are examined in detail, and it is argued that Beckett’s essays were crucial to the development of his literary aesthetic. This thesis examines how Beckett’s use of the figural suggests an implicit philosophical perspective, grounded in concerns about the status and nature of representation. It details these philosophical traces in Beckett’s writing in relation to theories of art, perception and consciousness with which Beckett is known to have engaged. The first chapter focuses on the Kantian philosophical tradition and its manifestations in Beckett’s essay Proust (1931) and his novel Murphy (1938), before considering their relationship to Beckett’s novel Watt (1945) and the essays written in the immediate post-war period, such as “Peintres de l’empêchement” (1948). The second chapter considers affinities between these works and Surrealism, focusing on the relationship between the visual and philosophical in Surrealism. Chapter three considers the role of other reflections on the visual and figural, including Wassily Kandinsky’s writing on art, while it documents Beckett’s work alongside the art critic Georges Duthuit on the review Transition (1948-50). Drawing on these discourses, the theme of the dissolving figure in Watt and Beckett’s novellas, such as Premier amour (1946), is considered in relation to interests in visualising the limits of representation. Chapter four considers the role played by the limit and limit-states in Beckett’s later prose, moving from L’Innommable (1953) to the short “residua” gathered in the collections Têtes-mortes and Foirades, by way of a dialogue between Georges Bataille, Maurice Blanchot and Ludwig Wittgenstein’s philosophies. I end by suggesting that a thematic continuity grounded in the interplay between representation, perception and consciousness underpins the changes in the role played by the visual and figural as Beckett’s prose style developed

An Empirical Assessment of Divorce Law in Indonesia

A discussion of the effect of the marriage Act 1974 against divorce behavior Muslim community in Indonesia can be said to be rare. Various writings that discuss the application of these laws focus more on aspects of institutional, legal and political.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v4i4.76