The Effects of Cationic Valence on Wash Deinking of Newsprint

The effects of cationic valence were tested against final pulp brightness in the wash deinking process on newsprint. The electrolytes used were AlCl3,CaCl2 and NaCl. The concentrations were varied from 8.32 x 10-4 M to 100 times that amount on all three electrolytes. The effects were studied on the wash water and the cooking liquor seperately, using deionized water as a control run. It was found that there was a noticeable loss of brightness even at the lowest level of electrolyte addition in both the wash water trials and the cooking liquor trials. The effect was greatest when the electrolytes were added to the cooking liquor for AlCl3 and CaCl2. It was also noticed that the addition of Al and Ca ions to cooks containing sodium silicate as a dispersing agent caused a precipate to form, possibly lowering the effectiveness of the dispersing agent

Physician Assisted Dying: A Turning Point?

Physician Assisted Dying (PAD) has been lawful in some countries since the 1940s and in the United States since 1997. There is a body of social and scientific research that has focused on whether the practice has been misused and whether gaps exist in legislative safeguards. There are multiple concerns with physicians assisting patients to die: incompatibility with the physician’s role as a healer, devaluation of human life, coercion of vulnerable individuals (e.g., the poor and disabled), and the risk that PAD will be used beyond a narrow group of terminally ill individuals. Statutes in the United States have been drafted with these concerns in mind in an effort to mitigate the possible risks of PAD while still providing individuals with access. There seems to be a shift in attitudes towards PAD. Currently four states statutorily permit PAD and it is being discussed by multiple legislatures across the country. There also seems to be a shift in medical practice as demonstrated by a 2015 survey that showed for the first time that more than half of physicians surveyed favored medical assistance in dying. PAD is a deeply personal choice. The question is whether more states will authorize the practice and, if so, what safeguards will be put in place to ensure the practice is not misused and remains consistent with prevailing social and ethical thought

Policing the Arctic: The North Slope of Alaska

An abbreviated version of this paper, which excluded the NSBDPS employee survey results, was published as: Trostle, Lawrence C.; & Angell, John E. (1994). "Policing the Arctic: The North Slope of Alaska." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 10(2): 95–108 (May 1994). (http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104398629401000203). A related report with employee comments from the survey concerning Public Safety Officer (PSO) assignment lengths and rotation policies is available at https://scholarworks.alaska.edu/handle/11122/10007.Geographic size and lack of roads, among other factors, contribute to unique difficulties in providing effective law enforcement and public safety services to residents of the North Slope Borough of Alaska. Despite comprehensive plans laid in the mid-1970s, the North Slope Borough has not been successful in implementing a broad, multicultural community public safety organizational design. The more traditional professional law enforcement agency which has evolved is perceived by some people as having community and employee relations problems. This paper provides a brief history of law enforcement on the North Slope and presents selected data from a 1993 survey of employees of the North Slope Borough Department of Public Safety (NSBDPS). The data support a hypothesis that indigenous personnel with strong roots in a minority community will be more committed to the community police organization than would be employees without such roots.North Slope Borough Department of Public SafetyIntroduction / Traditional Justice Administration / Government / Department of Public Safety / North Slope Department of Public Safety Goals / Research Support for a Multicultural Community Social Control Operation / Conclusion / Reference

Stationary state solutions for a gently stochastic nonlinear wave equation with ultraviolet cutoffs

We consider a non-linear, one-dimensional wave equation system with finite-dimensional stochastic driving terms and with weak dissipation. A stationary process that solves the system is used to model steady-state non-equilibrium heat flow through a non-linear medium. We show existence and uniqueness of invariant measures for the system modified with ultraviolet cutoffs, and we obtain estimates for the field covariances with respect to these measures, estimates that are uniform in the cutoffs. Finally, we discuss the limit of these measures as the ultraviolet cutoffs are removed.Comment: 19 page

Spectral Methods for Numerical Relativity. The Initial Data Problem

Numerical relativity has traditionally been pursued via finite differencing. Here we explore pseudospectral collocation (PSC) as an alternative to finite differencing, focusing particularly on the solution of the Hamiltonian constraint (an elliptic partial differential equation) for a black hole spacetime with angular momentum and for a black hole spacetime superposed with gravitational radiation. In PSC, an approximate solution, generally expressed as a sum over a set of orthogonal basis functions (e.g., Chebyshev polynomials), is substituted into the exact system of equations and the residual minimized. For systems with analytic solutions the approximate solutions converge upon the exact solution exponentially as the number of basis functions is increased. Consequently, PSC has a high computational efficiency: for solutions of even modest accuracy we find that PSC is substantially more efficient, as measured by either execution time or memory required, than finite differencing; furthermore, these savings increase rapidly with increasing accuracy. The solution provided by PSC is an analytic function given everywhere; consequently, no interpolation operators need to be defined to determine the function values at intermediate points and no special arrangements need to be made to evaluate the solution or its derivatives on the boundaries. Since the practice of numerical relativity by finite differencing has been, and continues to be, hampered by both high computational resource demands and the difficulty of formulating acceptable finite difference alternatives to the analytic boundary conditions, PSC should be further pursued as an alternative way of formulating the computational problem of finding numerical solutions to the field equations of general relativity.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, revtex, submitted to PR

Relationship science and interventions: Where we are and where we are going

Relationship distress and divorce often have profound effects on couples and their children. Relationship science has long sought to prevent and alleviate relationship distress; this chapter is a summary of many important recent developments in the field. Ongoing challenges in studying and assisting intimate relationships are also discussed