The effect of nucleation of surface slip on the flow and fracture of beryllium final report

Nucleation effect of surface slip on beryllium flow and fractur

Superficial geology and hydrogeological domains between Durham and Darlington. Phase 1, (Durham South)

The North East Region’s Groundwater Modelling Strategy has identified the need for the development of a conceptual model for the Magnesian Limestone aquifer. In line with the Environment Agency R&D Technical Report W214 (Environment Agency Framework for Groundwater Resources Conceptual and Numerical Modelling), a scoping study was produced, that identified areas of uncertainty and work required for the development of the conceptual model. The purpose of this project is to give the Environment Agency (EA) a regional understanding of the geology and hydrogeology of the Magnesian Limestone and overlying superficial deposits in the North East Region, using information presently held by the British Geological Survey (BGS). This report contributes to the conceptual model and understanding of the Magnesian Limestone aquifer. There is uncertainty in the amount of recharge that the Magnesian Limestone receives from rainfall. The project is designed to gain a greater understanding of the geology of the superficial deposits and their hydrogeological properties. These are the key factors for the calculation of recharge to the Magnesian Limestone aquifer from rainfall. This element of the conceptual model is essential in understanding the potential water resource available within this aquifer

Superficial geology and hydrogeological domains between Durham and Darlington. Phase 2, (Durham North)

The North East Region’s Groundwater Modelling Strategy has identified the need for the development of a conceptual model for the Magnesian Limestone aquifer. In line with the Environment Agency R&D Technical Report W214 (Environment Agency Framework for Groundwater Resources Conceptual and Numerical Modelling), a scoping study was produced, that identified areas of uncertainty and work required for the development of the conceptual model. The purpose of this project is to give the Environment Agency (EA) a regional understanding of the geology and hydrogeology of the Magnesian Limestone and overlying superficial deposits in the North East Region, using information held by the British Geological Survey (BGS). This report contributes to the conceptual model and understanding of the Magnesian Limestone aquifer. There is uncertainty in the amount of recharge that the Magnesian Limestone receives from rainfall. The project is designed to gain a greater understanding of the geology of the superficial deposits and their hydrogeological properties. These are the key factors for the calculation of recharge to the Magnesian Limestone aquifer from rainfall. This element of the conceptual model is essential in understanding the potential water resource available within this aquifer

Site-based and remote sensing methods for monitoring indicators of vegetation condition: An Australian review

Native vegetation around the world is under threat from historical and ongoing clearance, overgrazing, invasive species, increasing soil and water salinity, altered fire regimes, poor land management and other factors, resulting in a degradation of natural ecosystem services. Consequently, maintaining and improving native vegetation condition is a target frequently adopted by natural resource managers and government agencies world-wide. Adequate monitoring of vegetation condition remains a prerequisite for environmental decision-making and for tracking progress towards management goals. Throughout we consider vegetation condition to include the compositional, structural and functional attributes of vegetation relative to undisturbed vegetation of the same type. Site-based methods have long been used to assess compositional, structural and functional attributes as indicators of vegetation condition, and these methods continue to be used widely today. With developing technologies, remote sensing methods are being employed increasingly for monitoring a range of remotely detectable properties of vegetation, and there is now a growing demand to explicitly integrate the two approaches for mapping and monitoring vegetation condition across a range of scales. Here we review the attributes of vegetation identified as important for monitoring vegetation condition, those indicators that are best measured using traditional site-based methods and those that are more readily detectable using remote sensing methods, including their application in operational programmes within Australia. Further to this we review recent literature on the integration of the two approaches for monitoring indicators of vegetation condition. We find that remote sensing methods have the advantage of offering broad scale automated and repeatable methods for monitoring indicators of vegetation condition, but when combined with detailed ecological site-based data, together can improve monitoring for answering ecological questions across a range of scales. Further work, however, is required to effectively integrate the two approaches for mapping and monitoring vegetation condition

Effect of isovector-scalar meson on neutron star matter in strong magnetic fields

We study the effects of isovector-scalar meson $\delta$ on the equation of state (EOS) of neutron star matter in strong magnetic fields. The EOS of neutron-star matter and nucleon effective masses are calculated in the framework of Lagrangian field theory, which is solved within the mean-field approximation. From the numerical results one can find that the $\delta$-field leads to a remarkable splitting of proton and neutron effective masses. The strength of $\delta$-field decreases with the increasing of the magnetic field and is little at ultrastrong field. The proton effective mass is highly influenced by magnetic fields, while the effect of magnetic fields on the neutron effective mass is negligible. The EOS turns out to be stiffer at $B < 10^{15}$G but becomes softer at stronger magnetic field after including the $\delta$-field. The AMM terms can affect the system merely at ultrastrong magnetic field($B > 10^{19}$G). In the range of $10^{15}$ G -- $10^{18}$ G the properties of neutron-star matter are found to be similar with those without magnetic fields.Comment: 26 pages, 9 figure

Emergence of Collective Territorial Defense in Bacterial Communities: Horizontal Gene Transfer Can Stabilize Microbiomes

Multispecies bacterial communities such as the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract can be remarkably stable and resilient even though they consist of cells and species that compete for resources and also produce a large number of antimicrobial agents. Computational modeling suggests that horizontal transfer of resistance genes may greatly contribute to the formation of stable and diverse communities capable of protecting themselves with a battery of antimicrobial agents while preserving a varied metabolic repertoire of the constituent species. In other words horizontal transfer of resistance genes makes a community compatible in terms of exoproducts and capable to maintain a varied and mature metagenome. The same property may allow microbiota to protect a host organism, or if used as a microbial therapy, to purge pathogens and restore a protective environment

Estimation of individual genetic and environmental profiles in longitudinal designs

Parameter estimates obtained in the genetic analysis of longitudinal data can be used to construct individual genetic and environmental profiles across time. Such individual profiles enable the attribution of individual phenotypic change to changes in the underlying genetic or environmental processes and may lead to practical applications in genetic counseling and epidemiology. Simulations show that individual estimates of factor scores can be reliably obtained. Decomposition of univariate, and to a lesser extent of bivariate, phenotypic time series may yield estimates of independent individual G(t) and E(t), however, that are intercorrelated. The magnitude of these correlations depends somewhat on the autocorrelation structure of the underlying series, but to obtain completely independent estimates of genetic and environmental individual profiles, at least three measured indicators are needed at each point in time. KEY WORDS: longitudinal genetic analysis; environmental profiles; genetic profiles; factor scores; Kalman filter

Simultaneous genetic analysis of means and covariance structure: Pearson-Lawley selection rules

The object of this paper is to indicate that the Pearson-Lawley selection rules form a plausible general theory for the simultaneous genetic analysis of means and covariance structure. Models are presented based on phenotypic selection and latent selection. Previously presented quantitative genetic models to decompose means and covariance structure simultaneously are reconsidered as instances of latent selection. The selection rules are very useful in the context of behavior genetic modeling because they lead to testable models and a conceptual framework for explaining variation between and within groups by the same genetic and environmental factors. © 1994 Plenum Publishing Corporation