Identification of Peptides and Proteins in Illegally Distributed Products by MALDI-TOF-MS

An analytical strategy based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) for identification of peptides and proteins in illegally distributed products is presented. The identified compounds include human growth hormone (hGH), human somatoliberin, anti-obesity drug (AOD), growth hormone releasing peptides (GHRP-2 and GHRP-6), Glycine-GHRP-2 and Glycine-GHRP-6, ipamorelin, insulin aspart and porcine, delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP), thymosin β4, insulin like growth factor (IGF), mechano growth factor (MGF), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), melanotan II, bremelanotide, dermorphin and body protecting compound (BPC 157). The identification of proteins was mainly based on peptide mass fingerprinting, i.e., bottom up approach, while the smaller peptides were identified through de-novo sequencing. In cases when a reference standard was available, complementary identification was performed by capillary electrophoresis in double-injection mode (DICE), where a suspicious product was compared with the reference standard through two consecutive injections within the same electrophoretic run

Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Short-lived Tracers in Biological Matrices : Exploration of Radiotracer Chemistry as an Analytical Tool

Liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods were developed for the analysis of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers in biological matrices. Additionally, radiotracer chemistry was explored as an analytical tool for supporting LC-MS method development and imaging molecular interactions in miniaturised chemical analysis systems. Conventional radiodetection methods can offer high sensitivity in the analysis of radiotracers in biological matrices, although with the short half-life of PET tracers, this mass sensitivity decreases rapidly with time. This limits the time frame for analysis, and may compromise the precision and accuracy of the later measurements. Performing LC-MS analysis of the dominant stable isotope form of the tracer removes such time restrictions. An LC-MS/MS method was developed for determination of the tracer flumazenil in human plasma, with high inter-assay precision (RSD < 7%) and accuracy (95 – 104%). The method was applied in a multiple scan PET study where the plasma concentration spanned from 0.07 to 0.21 nM. The method removed the time restrictions associated with radiodetection methods and thus provided the opportunity of analysing a greater number of samples than would have been possible with radioanalysis. Furthermore, an LC-MS/MS method was developed that provided an efficient metabolic screening tool of potential PET tracers, whereby the substrates could be collected directly from 11C-labelling batches. This permitted repeated incubation experiments without the need of repeated labelling syntheses. A para-methoxy-benzamide analogue of the radiotracer WAY-100635 was thus identified as a potential tracer with improved metabolic stability. Additionally, a capillary LC-MS method was developed with rapid (0.75 min) and efficient (> 99%) on-line high flow-rate extraction for determination of metabolic stability of PET radiotracers. Finally, the concept of radionuclide imaging of miniaturised chemical analysis systems was demonstrated with the direct study of interactions within capillary extraction columns and microchannels moulded in a plastic CD and poly(dimethylsiloxane)

Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Short-lived Tracers in Biological Matrices : Exploration of Radiotracer Chemistry as an Analytical Tool

Liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods were developed for the analysis of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers in biological matrices. Additionally, radiotracer chemistry was explored as an analytical tool for supporting LC-MS method development and imaging molecular interactions in miniaturised chemical analysis systems. Conventional radiodetection methods can offer high sensitivity in the analysis of radiotracers in biological matrices, although with the short half-life of PET tracers, this mass sensitivity decreases rapidly with time. This limits the time frame for analysis, and may compromise the precision and accuracy of the later measurements. Performing LC-MS analysis of the dominant stable isotope form of the tracer removes such time restrictions. An LC-MS/MS method was developed for determination of the tracer flumazenil in human plasma, with high inter-assay precision (RSD < 7%) and accuracy (95 – 104%). The method was applied in a multiple scan PET study where the plasma concentration spanned from 0.07 to 0.21 nM. The method removed the time restrictions associated with radiodetection methods and thus provided the opportunity of analysing a greater number of samples than would have been possible with radioanalysis. Furthermore, an LC-MS/MS method was developed that provided an efficient metabolic screening tool of potential PET tracers, whereby the substrates could be collected directly from 11C-labelling batches. This permitted repeated incubation experiments without the need of repeated labelling syntheses. A para-methoxy-benzamide analogue of the radiotracer WAY-100635 was thus identified as a potential tracer with improved metabolic stability. Additionally, a capillary LC-MS method was developed with rapid (0.75 min) and efficient (> 99%) on-line high flow-rate extraction for determination of metabolic stability of PET radiotracers. Finally, the concept of radionuclide imaging of miniaturised chemical analysis systems was demonstrated with the direct study of interactions within capillary extraction columns and microchannels moulded in a plastic CD and poly(dimethylsiloxane)

Mäta förändringen i koncentrationen av suspenderade partiklari vatten med ultraljud

Measuring the concentration of particles in water is important in many areas. Industries might measure it to run more efficiently while scientists might measure it to study the pollution of a body of water. Regardless of the area, the standard for taking a measurement is done by filtering out the particles by hand. This is a very slow and expensive method, so other alternative methods have been developed. However, all the alternative methods can only estimate the concentration. Therefore, Deepoid AB aims to investigate if ultrasound can be used to measure the concentration of particles in water.\parThis thesis shows that a direct ultrasound signal can be used to measure changes in the concentration of particles in water. It also shows how this method is much faster than measuring the concentration of particles in water by hand

Mäta förändringen i koncentrationen av suspenderade partiklari vatten med ultraljud

Measuring the concentration of particles in water is important in many areas. Industries might measure it to run more efficiently while scientists might measure it to study the pollution of a body of water. Regardless of the area, the standard for taking a measurement is done by filtering out the particles by hand. This is a very slow and expensive method, so other alternative methods have been developed. However, all the alternative methods can only estimate the concentration. Therefore, Deepoid AB aims to investigate if ultrasound can be used to measure the concentration of particles in water.\parThis thesis shows that a direct ultrasound signal can be used to measure changes in the concentration of particles in water. It also shows how this method is much faster than measuring the concentration of particles in water by hand

Mäta förändringen i koncentrationen av suspenderade partiklari vatten med ultraljud

Measuring the concentration of particles in water is important in many areas. Industries might measure it to run more efficiently while scientists might measure it to study the pollution of a body of water. Regardless of the area, the standard for taking a measurement is done by filtering out the particles by hand. This is a very slow and expensive method, so other alternative methods have been developed. However, all the alternative methods can only estimate the concentration. Therefore, Deepoid AB aims to investigate if ultrasound can be used to measure the concentration of particles in water.\parThis thesis shows that a direct ultrasound signal can be used to measure changes in the concentration of particles in water. It also shows how this method is much faster than measuring the concentration of particles in water by hand

Kompetenslandskapets omvandling mot industri 4.0 - Långsiktiga perspektiv på kompetensbehovet inom industri och industrinära tjänster i Västra Götaland

Förstudien är finansierad via projektbidrag från Tillväxtverket genom projektet Tillverkningsindustriell omvandling - kompetensbehov inom industri och industrinära tjänster i Västra Götalan

Strukturomvandling och automatisering : Konsekvenser på regionala arbetsmarknader

Denna rapport handlar om den regionala ekonomiska strukturomvandling som ägt rum i Västra Götaland och Skåne sedan 1990-talet, och om den fortsatta automatiseringens framtida regionala avtryck på svenska lokala arbetsmarknader. Rapporten beskriver och gör en sammanfattning av den debatt som på senare år varit intensiv om automatiseringens framtida effekter på arbetsmarknaden. Med utgångspunkt i den internationella litteraturen, förs en diskussion om automatiseringens drivkrafter, hinder ocheffekter.Det finns ingen direkt orsakskedja mellan teknisk utveckling av nya automatiseringslösningar, och effekter på arbetsmarknaden. Många hinder och fördröjningseffekter finns också, som påverkar när och hur nya automatiseringslösningar får genomslag. Dessa kan exempelvis vara av institutionell, social, legal eller etisk art. Vi har mycket att lära av historien. Många faktorer känner vi igen från tidigare teknikskiften