Uso de suplementos alimentares por atletas de natação

Introdução: Os suplementos alimentares são amplamente conhecidos por atletas e muitas vezes são utilizados, ainda que sem orientação de nutricionista, sem o conhecimento exato do funcionamento e dos benefícios da substância, a fim de melhorar o desempenho no esporte. Objetivo: Avaliar o uso de suplementos alimentares por atletas de natação. Materiais e Métodos: Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, de campo e com abordagem quantitativa da qual participaram 56 atletas das equipes juvenil e júnior de natação de três grandes clubes da cidade de São Paulo. Foi respondido questionário sobre os hábitos relacionados ao uso de suplementos. Os resultados foram agrupados por categoria, onde: categoria A – juvenil (15 e 16 anos) e categoria B – júnior (17,18 e 19 anos). Discussão: A quase totalidade dos atletas faz uso de suplementos, 95% na categoria A e 100% na categoria B. O tempo de uso prevalecente é de três anos ou mais. Quanto aos objetivos, destaca-se aumentar o desempenho no esporte, 68% categoria A e 78% categoria B. Resultados: Os suplementos mais utilizados são carboidratos, proteínas, BCAA, vitaminas e minerais e creatina. Os suplementos menos utilizados são a glutamina e termogênicos. A prescrição é orientada na maior parte por nutricionistas, cerca de 80%, apesar de haver um percentual significativo de prescrições médicas. Conclusão: Na grande maioria os atletas entrevistados usam suplementos e consideram importante que essa orientação seja feita por profissional de nutrição. ABSTRACTUse of dietary supplements by swimming athletesIntroduction: Dietary supplements are widely known for athletes and are often used, even without guidance from a nutritionist, without accurate knowledge of the operation and benefits of the substance in order to improve performance in sports. Aim: To evaluate the use of dietary supplements by athletes swimming. Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive, field and quantitative approach which was attended by 56 athletes from the youth team and junior swimming three big clubs from São Paulo. Questionnaire related to supplements use habits was answered. The results were grouped by category, where: Category A - Youth (15 and 16 years) and Category B - Junior (17, 18 and 19). Discussion: Almost all athletes made use of supplements, 95 % in category A and 100 % in category B. The prevalent time of use is three years or more. As for goals, it highlights increase performance in sports, 68 % and 78% of category A category B Results: The most commonly used supplements are carbohydrates, proteins , BCAA, vitamins and minerals and creatine. The least used and glutamine supplements are thermogenic. The prescription is driven mostly by nutritionists, about 80 %, despite a significant percentage of prescriptions. Conclusion: In most respondents athletes use supplements and consider it important that this policy be taken by nursing professional

Harnessing Marine Biocatalytic Reservoirs for Green Chemistry Applications through Metagenomic Technologies

In a demanding commercial world, large-scale chemical processes have been widely utilised to satisfy consumer related needs. Chemical industries are key to promoting economic growth and meeting the requirements of a sustainable industrialised society. The market need for diverse commodities produced by the chemical industry is rapidly expanding globally. Accompanying this demand is an increased threat to the environment and to human health, due to waste produced by increased industrial production. This increased demand has underscored the necessity to increase reaction efficiencies, in order to reduce costs and increase profits. The discovery of novel biocatalysts is a key method aimed at combating these difficulties. Metagenomic technology, as a tool for uncovering novel biocatalysts, has great potential and applicability and has already delivered many successful achievements. In this review we discuss, recent developments and achievements in the field of biocatalysis. We highlight how green chemistry principles through the application of biocatalysis, can be successfully promoted and implemented in various industrial sectors. In addition, we demonstrate how two novel lipases/esterases were mined from the marine environment by metagenomic analysis. Collectively these improvements can result in increased efficiency, decreased energy consumption, reduced waste and cost savings for the chemical industry

Uso de suplementos alimentares por atletas de natação

Use of dietary supplements by swimming athletesIntroduction: Dietary supplements are widely known for athletes and are often used, even without guidance from a nutritionist, without accurate knowledge of the operation and benefits of the substance in order to improve performance in sports. Aim: To evaluate the use of dietary supplements by athletes swimming. Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive, field and quantitative approach which was attended by 56 athletes from the youth team and junior swimming three big clubs from São Paulo. Questionnaire related to supplements use habits was answered. The results were grouped by category, where: Category A - Youth (15 and 16 years) and Category B - Junior (17, 18 and 19). Discussion: Almost all athletes made use of supplements, 95 % in category A and 100 % in category B. The prevalent time of use is three years or more. As for goals, it highlights increase performance in sports, 68 % and 78% of category A category B Results: The most commonly used supplements are carbohydrates, proteins , BCAA, vitamins and minerals and creatine. The least used and glutamine supplements are thermogenic. The prescription is driven mostly by nutritionists, about 80 %, despite a significant percentage of prescriptions. Conclusion: In most respondents athletes use supplements and consider it important that this policy be taken by nursing professional.Introdução: Os suplementos alimentares são amplamente conhecidos por atletas e muitas vezes são utilizados, ainda que sem orientação de nutricionista, sem o conhecimento exato do funcionamento e dos benefícios da substância, a fim de melhorar o desempenho no esporte. Objetivo: Avaliar o uso de suplementos alimentares por atletas de natação. Materiais e Métodos: Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, de campo e com abordagem quantitativa da qual participaram 56 atletas das equipes juvenil e júnior de natação de três grandes clubes da cidade de São Paulo. Foi respondido questionário sobre os hábitos relacionados ao uso de suplementos. Os resultados foram agrupados por categoria, onde: categoria A – juvenil (15 e 16 anos) e categoria B – júnior (17,18 e 19 anos). Discussão: A quase totalidade dos atletas faz uso de suplementos, 95% na categoria A e 100% na categoria B. O tempo de uso prevalecente é de três anos ou mais. Quanto aos objetivos, destaca-se aumentar o desempenho no esporte, 68% categoria A e 78% categoria B. Resultados: Os suplementos mais utilizados são carboidratos, proteínas, BCAA, vitaminas e minerais e creatina. Os suplementos menos utilizados são a glutamina e termogênicos. A prescrição é orientada na maior parte por nutricionistas, cerca de 80%, apesar de haver um percentual significativo de prescrições médicas. Conclusão: Na grande maioria os atletas entrevistados usam suplementos e consideram importante que essa orientação seja feita por profissional de nutrição.

Equity in Computer Education

Scholars have observed for years that we are moving toward an information- based society. Less attention has been focused on the social consequences of this change. In a classic "industrial" society, wealth consists of material goods and the machines and skills which produce them. In an information-based society wealth will consist of the machines and skills which produce and manipulate knowledge. To avoid inequities in the information age, we must provide for wider distribution of these machines and skills. Without such wide distribution, many people will be unable to realize their potential. This loss of talent and enterprise betrays the American goal of equal and universal education. It is also a loss that this nation can ill afford in the face of an increasingly competitive international economy

Developing Trade in Services

Executive SummaryServices are simultaneously the most important sector of the UK economy and the sector facing the biggest challenge as a result of Brexit. The prospective departure from the European Single Market reduces the UK to the status of ‘3rd country’ in respect of services. Accessing the internal market will depend on both subjective and objective conditions that differ from sector to sector, requiring detailed and highly specific arrangements for such industries as aviation and financial services.In practice, the EU can be expected to use these circumstances to discourage the UK from significantly diverging from European regulatory norms, as a matter of policy. In view of the weakness of, and uncertainty surrounding, international moves to oversee, let alone to further liberalise, trade in services, Brexit will thus leave the UK's services sector – and especially financial services – uniquely isolated and exposed. The government will hence need to consider carefully the costs of decisions to diverge from EU regulatory standards, and should be giving great priority to establishing clear objectives for close cooperation between the UK and the EU policy makers and regulators.</jats:p