7 research outputs found
Comparative study of chemical composition and succinic acid quantitave analysis in different origin of Amber.
Work title: Comparative study of chemical composition and succinic acid quantitave analysis in different origin of Amber. Laurynas Jarukas masterβs thesis/ supervised by Prof. Dr. Liudas Ivanauskas; Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analitic and Toxicological chemistry - Kaunas, 2017. Aim: To analize chemical composition in different origin of Amber extracts and evaluate quantity of succinic acid. Objectives: 1. According to scientific data, choose the most suitable gass chromatgraphy β mass spectroscopy method to analyse chemical composition of Amber and succinic acid quantity. 2. Evaluate chemical composition in different origin of Amber extracts and investigate succinic acid quantity by selected gass chromatography β mass spectroscopy method. 3. Compare chemical composition between different origin of Amber samples and scientific databases. 4. Compare the quantitave of succinic acid between different origin of Amber samples. Object: Different geographical origin of fossil resins: Baltic amber, Ukrainian amber, Madagascar copal, Colombia copal, Sumatra amber. Investigations were carried out with UAB \"Alex amber\" amber samples, which were acquired in the period 2012-2015 for jewelry products. According to the investigate objectives, research includes small fractions of different origin and age amber waste. Methods: gas chromatography - mass spectrometry method. For the quantitative determination of the succinic acid applied derivatization process. Results and conclusions: After the five different origin and age of the fossil resin extracts chemical analysis, chromatography show prevailing of low molecular weight aromatic hydrocarbons: monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and other diterpenoid volatile compounds. Different origins of Amber contain various in chemical composition. Succinic acid was determined by qualitative analysis using the derivatization process. The quantitative analysis of succinic acid, estimated that in comparison with other fossil resins, the Ukrainian amber contains the most quantity of succinic acid (10,65 Β΅g/ml)
Development and Evaluation of Ginkgo biloba L. Extract Loaded into Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sublingual Films
Oral bioavailability of flavonoids, including G. biloba extract, is limited due to their chemical complexity, which determines slow dissolution in vitro behavior of the extract. The overall research objective was to compare the effect of increasing freeze-dried G. biloba extract (GFD) concentrations in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films on their mechanical properties, release profile of flavonoid glycosides, stability and disintegration time. Physicochemical evaluation of films was performed by SEM and FTIR. The mechanical properties and in vitro release profile of flavonoid glycosides from the prepared films were characterized in the study. The higher elongation at break and tensile strength values, quick release of flavonoids and good stability were observed in formulation, coded FRG—15 (the film contained 0.4 g of GFD, 0.3 g of glycerol and 2 g of 2% CMC), (p < 0.05). Dissolution rate tests showed that approximately 85% of loaded flavonoid glycosides had been released; the release profile of flavonoid glycosides from FRG-15 had levelled off after only 15 min. The results could lay the groundwork for further studies, concerning the development of sublingual films as G. biloba extract-based dosage forms, which might increase the multifunctional properties and pharmacological activity closer to the desired level
ΠΡΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΡΠ² Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎΡ Π· Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°Ρ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ
This study focused on bio-based succinic acid sample preparation and derivatization conditions optimization using GC-MS analytical method. Succinic acid, the precursor of a wide range bio-compounds, especially it is important in accumulation of mitochondrial metabolite succinate (citric acid cycle) and during ischemia controls reperfusion injury through mitochondrial reactive oxygen production. Accurate determination of analytes is the key in metabolomics to use as low molecular biomarkers in case to improve diagnostic methods.Methods. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. For the quantitative determination of the succinic acid applied derivatization process by silylation using -bis- (trimethylsilyl) -trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA).Results. The derivatization agent BSTFA, the derivatization time of 3-4 hours and derivatization temperature at 70 Β°C were selected as the optimal derivatization condition for quantification of succinic acid by GΠ‘/MS in biological samples. The results show that GC-MS SIM method with evaporation was the most effective to quantify succinate in biological samples after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Selected ion monitoring (SIM) allowed to monitor a subset of fragments with their related mass values in a certain retention time (RT) range for a set of targets.Conclusions. DC β MS has several advantages for measurements of succinate concentration in small kidney tissue samples (lyophilized mitochondria). The method can be applied in small pieces of tissue - biopy samples, tissues from various organsΠ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘. Π―Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° (ΡΠΈΠΊΠ» Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ), Π° Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π’ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘). ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ -Π±ΠΈΡ- (ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ») -ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° (BSTFA).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡ BSTFA, Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ 3-4 ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ 70 Β°C Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘ Π² Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘ Π‘ΠΠ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π² Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ/ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² (Π‘ΠΠ) ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (RT) Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π² Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ (Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠΈ). ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ Π² Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ - ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π£ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π° ΡΠ²Π°Π³Π° Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΡΠ² Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ Π· Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘. ΠΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° (ΡΠΈΠΊΠ» Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ), Π° ΠΏΡΠ΄ ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΡΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ½Ρ. Π’ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π² ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΡΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ².ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°Ρ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ (ΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘). ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ -Π±ΡΡ- (ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ») -ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΄Π° (BSTFA).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡ BSTFA, ΡΠ°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ 3-4 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ 70 Β°C Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘ Π² Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ°Ρ
. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘ Π‘ΠΠ Π· Π²ΠΈΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π² Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ / ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. Π‘Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² (Π‘ΠΠ) Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ² Π·Ρ Π·Π²'ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ (RT) Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ.ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘ ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π³ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡ Π² Π½Π΅Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ (Π»ΡΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡ). ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π½Π΅Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ - Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π· ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Ρ
Optimization and Validation of the GC/FID Method for the Quantification of Fatty Acids in Bee Products
To the best of our knowledge, so far, no study has been conducted about the comparison of the total fatty acid concentration in the four bee products (honey, bee pollen, bee bread, and propolis) collected from Lithuania. Therefore, we aimed to optimize the derivatization parameters and to investigate a simple and sensitive gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) method to determine fatty acids. The optimal derivatization parameters were used to analyze fatty acids in the bee products. Regarding sample preparation, three derivatization parameters were compared (temperature and extraction time with BF3/MeOH reagent) in order to obtain a high amount of the total fatty acids of interest from the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) standard. The results showed that the highest total yield of fatty acids was conducted by using the conventional heating process at 70 °C for 90 min. Under optimal conditions, there was obtained excellent linearity for fatty acids with determination coefficients of r2 > 0.9998. The LODs and LOQs ranged from 0.21 to 0.54 µg/mL and 0.63 to 1.63 µg/mL, respectively. This method has been successfully applied to the qualitative analysis of fatty acids in bee products. The above findings might provide a scientific basis for evaluating the nutritional values of bee products
Effective Isolation of Picrocrocin and Crocins from Saffron: From HPTLC to Working Standard Obtaining
Saffron is widely cultivated and used as a spice. Recently published data on the chemical composition and pharmacological potential of saffron determine its use in pharmacy and medicine. The proposed high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method allows good separation of 11 analytes. The saffron quality (Iran, Ukraine, Spain, Morocco samples) assessment was based on the European Pharmacopoeia monograph and ISO 3632. The HPTLC method for the safranal, crocin, and picrocrocin quantification was proposed and validated. The crocins content in Ukrainian saffron was from 17.80% to 33.25%. Based on qualitative and quantitative assessment results, the saffron sample from Zaporizhzhia (Ukraine) had the highest compounds content and was chosen to obtain the working standards of picrocrocin and crocins (trans-4GG, trans-2G, trans-3Gg) by preparative chromatography. The compounds were isolated from lyophilized extract of saffron using a Symmetry Prep C18 column (300 × 19 mm × 7 µm), and identified by spectroscopic techniques (HPLC-DAD, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The purity of crocins and picrocrocin was more than 97%. A novel method proposed to obtain working standards is simple and reproducible for the routine analysis of saffron quality control
ΠΡΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΡΠ² Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎΡ Π· Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°Ρ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ
This study focused on bio-based succinic acid sample preparation and derivatization conditions optimization using GC-MS analytical method. Succinic acid, the precursor of a wide range bio-compounds, especially it is important in accumulation of mitochondrial metabolite succinate (citric acid cycle) and during ischemia controls reperfusion injury through mitochondrial reactive oxygen production. Accurate determination of analytes is the key in metabolomics to use as low molecular biomarkers in case to improve diagnostic methods.Methods. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. For the quantitative determination of the succinic acid applied derivatization process by silylation using -bis- (trimethylsilyl) -trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA).Results. The derivatization agent BSTFA, the derivatization time of 3-4 hours and derivatization temperature at 70 Β°C were selected as the optimal derivatization condition for quantification of succinic acid by GΠ‘/MS in biological samples. The results show that GC-MS SIM method with evaporation was the most effective to quantify succinate in biological samples after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Selected ion monitoring (SIM) allowed to monitor a subset of fragments with their related mass values in a certain retention time (RT) range for a set of targets.Conclusions. DC β MS has several advantages for measurements of succinate concentration in small kidney tissue samples (lyophilized mitochondria). The method can be applied in small pieces of tissue - biopy samples, tissues from various organsΠ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘. Π―Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° (ΡΠΈΠΊΠ» Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ), Π° Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π’ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘). ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ -Π±ΠΈΡ- (ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ») -ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° (BSTFA).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡ BSTFA, Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ 3-4 ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ 70 Β°C Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘ Π² Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘ Π‘ΠΠ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π² Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ/ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² (Π‘ΠΠ) ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (RT) Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π² Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ (Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠΈ). ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ Π² Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ - ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π£ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π° ΡΠ²Π°Π³Π° Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΡΠ² Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ Π· Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘. ΠΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° (ΡΠΈΠΊΠ» Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ), Π° ΠΏΡΠ΄ ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΡΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ½Ρ. Π’ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π² ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΡΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ².ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°Ρ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ (ΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘). ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ -Π±ΡΡ- (ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ») -ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΄Π° (BSTFA).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡ BSTFA, ΡΠ°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ 3-4 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ 70 Β°C Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘ Π² Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ°Ρ
. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘ Π‘ΠΠ Π· Π²ΠΈΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π² Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ / ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. Π‘Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² (Π‘ΠΠ) Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ² Π·Ρ Π·Π²'ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ (RT) Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ.ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘ ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π³ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡ Π² Π½Π΅Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ (Π»ΡΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡ). ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π½Π΅Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ - Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π· ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Ρ
Bio-based Succinic Acid Sample Preparation and Derivatization Procedure Optimisation for Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry Analysis
This study focused on bio-based succinic acid sample preparation and derivatization conditions optimization using GC-MS analytical method. Succinic acid, the precursor of a wide range bio-compounds, especially it is important in accumulation of mitochondrial metabolite succinate (citric acid cycle) and during ischemia controls reperfusion injury through mitochondrial reactive oxygen production. Accurate determination of analytes is the key in metabolomics to use as low molecular biomarkers in case to improve diagnostic methods.Methods. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. For the quantitative determination of the succinic acid applied derivatization process by silylation using -bis- (trimethylsilyl) -trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA).Results. The derivatization agent BSTFA, the derivatization time of 3-4 hours and derivatization temperature at 70 Β°C were selected as the optimal derivatization condition for quantification of succinic acid by GΠ‘/MS in biological samples. The results show that GC-MS SIM method with evaporation was the most effective to quantify succinate in biological samples after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Selected ion monitoring (SIM) allowed to monitor a subset of fragments with their related mass values in a certain retention time (RT) range for a set of targets.Conclusions. DC β MS has several advantages for measurements of succinate concentration in small kidney tissue samples (lyophilized mitochondria). The method can be applied in small pieces of tissue - biopy samples, tissues from various organ