The effects of conflict role and intensity on preschoolers’ expectations about peer conflict

Using a puppet procedure depicting hypothetical conflict involving the participant and a peer, 96 preschoolers’ (48 boys and 48 girls; M 1/4 5.14 years, SD 1/4 0.78 years) expectations about peer conflict were assessed as a function of their role in the conflict (i.e., initiator of or responder to initial provocation) and the intensity level of the conflict. Initiators of conflict expected less conflict escalation and subsequent problems with the same peer from the conflict than did responders, particularly following low-intensity conflict. Findings also indicated that, for low-intensity but not high-intensity conflict, girls expected the same peer to provoke them during a subsequent interaction more often than did boys. Results provide further support for assessing preschoolers’ understanding of conflict and are consistent with previous work demonstrating a self-serving bias in young children’s perceptions and reports of their conflicts with other children. Moreover, findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the development of peer relations.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Genetic defects in common variable immunodeficiency

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequent clinically manifested primary immunodeficiency. According to clinical and laboratory findings, CVID is a heterogeneous group of diseases. Recently, the defects of molecules regulating activation and terminal differentiation of B lymphocytes have been described in some patients with CVID. In this study, we show the overview of deficiencies of inducible costimulator, transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cytophilin ligand interactor, CD19 molecules, their genetic basis, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations

The roles of the formal and informal sectors in the provision of effective science education

For many years, formal school science education has been criticised by students, teachers, parents and employers throughout the world. This article presents an argument that a greater collaboration between the formal and the informal sector could address some of these criticisms. The causes for concern about formal science education are summarised and the major approaches being taken to address them are outlined. The contributions that the informal sector currently makes to science education are identified. It is suggested that the provision of an effective science education entails an enhanced complementarity between the two sectors. Finally, there is a brief discussion of the collaboration and communication still needed if this is to be effective

Modeling Translation in Protein Synthesis with TASEP: A Tutorial and Recent Developments

The phenomenon of protein synthesis has been modeled in terms of totally asymmetric simple exclusion processes (TASEP) since 1968. In this article, we provide a tutorial of the biological and mathematical aspects of this approach. We also summarize several new results, concerned with limited resources in the cell and simple estimates for the current (protein production rate) of a TASEP with inhomogeneous hopping rates, reflecting the characteristics of real genes.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figure

Prediction of Scouring Depth at the Outlet of Partially Blocked Box Culvert

© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. Culverts are built at a location in a waterway that crosses a road or railway. The narrowing cross section of waterway creates a limitation to flow passage and therefore blockage occurs during flood events with accumulation of debris at the inlet. The blockage of the culvert can accelerate bed scouring and consequently causes failure of the culvert. It subsequently produces high damage to private properties and public assets. This article concerns scouring at the outlet of partially blocked culverts. In this context the blockage of culverts is studied as an important factor in the scouring pattern of culverts. Therefore, experimental tests were conducted to investigate the effects of culverts blockage on scouring downstream of a culvert. The experimental program was designed to investigate the relationship between the maximum scour depth, blockage ratio of the culvert, and flow characteristics. The experimental tests were carried under nonblocked and partially blocked conditions. The sediment material used in this study was uniform noncohesive sand particles. Results showed that the scoured area and maximum scour depth increases in partially blocked condition compared with the nonblocked condition. The results were compared with the previous developed models, and it was found that the previous model predicts scouring depth less than the scouring depth at blocked condition