Dental Contribution to Paleo-Odontological Study of Interarch Relations in a Human Fossil

In paleo-anthropology the fragility of fossil pieces (teeth and supporting bones) reduces their possible manipulation when studying the interarch relations. Two original impression methods of the jaw pieces are proposed, both adapted from those currently practiced in odontology. The plaster replicas of the dental occlusal parts are prepared according to the manufacturing procedures used in prosthetic dental laboratories. This study led to the following observations: 1) the impression techniques used by odontologists are adapted to the moulding of fragile samples. 2) The replicas elaborated from these mouldings made easier the cast manipulation in confrontation. 3) Macrophotography is a complement to direct observation of the pieces and their replicas. 4) For paleoanthropologic purposes, such studies can be easily carried out on almost any animal or human fossils

Dental Arch Relations Analysed in a 14th Century Fossil Skull of the Sao Tribe, Cameroon

Dental occlusal relations are rarely reported in paleo-anthropology. The manipulation of hemi-arch replicas, as well as the superimposition of drawings on calques traced from photographs, facilitated the description of the intraand interarch relations. The occlusal interarch confrontation and the intermolar relation were observed and assessed in the horizontal, frontal and sagittal planes. Some measurements were helpful in the functional study. On the basis of knowledge in mandible kinematics a movement envelope of the first molar displacement during mastication was proposed. The dentition studied here was highly regular. It was a fine example of balanced wear for post-canine sectors. In spite of the lower canine extrusion, due to tribal mutilation of anterior teeth and to subsequent labret wearing, the interarch relations seemed not to have been altered

Dental Contribution to Paleo-Odontological Study of Interarch Relations in a Human Fossil

In paleo-anthropology the fragility of fossil pieces (teeth and supporting bones) reduces their possible manipulation when studying the interarch relations. Two original impression methods of the jaw pieces are proposed, both adapted from those currently practiced in odontology. The plaster replicas of the dental occlusal parts are prepared according to the manufacturing procedures used in prosthetic dental laboratories. This study led to the following observations: 1) the impression techniques used by odontologists are adapted to the moulding of fragile samples. 2) The replicas elaborated from these mouldings made easier the cast manipulation in confrontation. 3) Macrophotography is a complement to direct observation of the pieces and their replicas. 4) For paleoanthropologic purposes, such studies can be easily carried out on almost any animal or human fossils

Dental Wear Study in a 14th Century Skull of the Sao Tribe, Cameroon

The aim of this work was to study the wear affecting the almost complete dentition of a Sao individual fossil from Cameroon prehistory (XIVth century). Occlusal surfaces of the fossil fragile pieces were plaster replicated with an original technique adapted from usual dental impression methods (silicon elastomer polymerising by addition). Axial macrophotographs of both sectional dental casts and original pieces made it possible to produce drawings of the occlusal areas on transparencies in order to superimpose the lateral hemiarch counterparts in their optimal intercuspal position. The study of interarch contacts was completed by confronting and observing the occluding position of hemiarch replicas. The occlusal analysis revealed that the wear extent was equivalent on left and right molars. Hall’s occlusal wear index and Van Reenen and Reinach’s classification of proximal wear allow assessment of the degree of wear extent on premolar and molar sections in relation to the side or the arch observed. The even bilateral proximal and occlusal wears observed on the different kinds of homologous teeth appeared as the main contributor to this well-balanced interarch occlusion. The mandibular incisor losses and the particular type of wear affecting lower canines led to the conclusion of the presence of a labret, a great number of which was found in the area. According to Miles’ method of age assessment based on tooth wear, the pieces studied belonged to an individual between 30 and 40 years old5

Advanced Neuroimaging with Computed Tomography Scanning

International audienceThe x-ray computed tomography (CT) is well known as a useful imaging method and thus CT images have continuingly been used for many applications, especially in medical fields. This book discloses recent advances and new ideas in theories and applications for CT imaging and its analysis. The 16 chapters selected in this book cover not only the major topics of CT imaging and analysis in medical fields, but also some advanced applications for forensic and industrial purposes. These chapters propose state-of-the-art approaches and cutting-edge research results

Evaluation of a synthetic peptide for the repair of traumatic lesions of the white matter.

Ce travail évalue l’efficacité d’un peptide dérivé d’une protéine TSR dans la réparation des lésions traumatiques de la substance blanche du système nerveux central. Les propriétés neuroprotectrices ont été explorées sur l’activité anti-oxydante et anti-apoptotique. Le NX210 augmente la viabilité des cellules B104 exposées au peroxyde d’oxygène, un des principaux radicaux oxygénés de la réaction secondaire. Lemécanisme anti-apoptotique a été étudié par la mesure de l’activité anti-caspase. Le NX210 inhibe l’activité des caspases 3/7 selon un effet dose dépendant. Les propriétés neuroréparatrices ont été testées sur des modèles de lésions médullaires chez le rat. Dans un modèle de section médullaire, le NX210 stimule précocement la croissance axonale et la fasciculation. Deux molécules impliquées dans la fasciculation, les neurofilaments et la laminine, sont colocalisées au niveau de la repousse. L’efficacité clinique du NX210 a été testée sur un modèle de contusion médullaire. Le poids corporel était précocement et constamment supérieur chez les animaux traités par rapport aux témoins. L’amélioration motrice évaluée en «open-field» comprenait une augmentation de la distance parcourue et une diminution du temps passé dans les cellules centrales. Un score de BBB supérieur à 14 chez les animaux traités signait la restauration de la coordination des mouvements entre les membres thoraciques et les membres pelviens. La normalisation des réflexes pouvait être corrélée à la restitution du contrôle supraspinal, notamment par la repousse des fibres corticospinales, rubrospinales et extéroceptives. L’action sur le recrutement cellulaire a été étudiée sur un modèle de section du corps calleux en immunohistochimie. La réalisation d’une lésion proche de la zone subventriculaire permettait d’explorer le recrutement cellulaire à partir de cette niche à cellules souches. L’absence de cellule NeuN+ tendrait à démontrer l’absence de recrutement neuronal. Le marquage au MBP montrait des débris de myéline à distance du foyer lésionnel liés à des phénomènes de dégénérescence wallérienne ou d’excitoxicité. La présence de cellules GFAP+ etNG2+ sur le site lésionnel témoignait d’un recrutement astrocytaire et oligodendrocytaire.In this work, we have studied the efficacy of a TSR-derived peptide in white matter repair. Neuroprotective properties were studied using two models of oxidative stress and apoptosis in vitro. NX210 increases cell viability after exposition to H2O2, one the main ROS that take part in the secondary lesion. Anti-oxidant action was mediated by the scavenger property of the molecule and the stimulation of signaling pathway. Anti-apoptotic action was assessed by measuring caspase 3/7 activity. NX210 inhibits caspase 3/7 activity according to a dose effect relation. Neurorepair was assessed using two separate rat models of spinal cord injury (SCI). In the model provided by section of both dorsal funiculi, NX210 stimulates early axonal growth that predominates on sensory fibers and displays a fasciculate organization. At the site of regrowth, neurofilaments were colocalized with laminin, a molecule involved in fasciculation and axonal guidance during embryogenesis. Clinical efficiency was assessed using a contusive model of SCI. Body weight was early and constantly increased in NX210 treated animals as compared to vehicle treated animals. Improvement in locomotor behavior was appraised with the open field tests. Path length was significantly increased while time spent in central cells was constantly decreased in NX210 treated animals. A BBB score above 14 only performed by NX210 treated animals was related to the restoration of coordination between forelimbs and hind limbs. Normalization of reflexes such as paw placement and toe spread in NX210 treated animals could becorrelated to the recovery of supraspinal control. The action on cell recruiting was assessed by immunohistochemistry using a rat model of corpus callosum section. The lesion was performed near the subventricular zone to study cell proliferation and migration from the stem cell niche to the site of injury. The lack of NeuN immunostaining confirmed the absence of neural cells recruitment. Myelin debris identified by MBP immunostaining were located at a distance from the site of injury. GFAP and NG2cells significantly more numerous in NX210 treated animals identified astrocyte and oligodendrocyte recruitment all around the lesion site

Evaluation d'un peptide de synthèse dans la réparation des lésions traumatiques de la substance blanche.

In this work, we have studied the efficacy of a TSR-derived peptide in white matter repair. Neuroprotective properties were studied using two models of oxidative stress and apoptosis in vitro. NX210 increases cell viability after exposition to H2O2, one the main ROS that take part in the secondary lesion. Anti-oxidant action was mediated by the scavenger property of the molecule and the stimulation of signaling pathway. Anti-apoptotic action was assessed by measuring caspase 3/7 activity. NX210 inhibits caspase 3/7 activity according to a dose effect relation. Neurorepair was assessed using two separate rat models of spinal cord injury (SCI). In the model provided by section of both dorsal funiculi, NX210 stimulates early axonal growth that predominates on sensory fibers and displays a fasciculate organization. At the site of regrowth, neurofilaments were colocalized with laminin, a molecule involved in fasciculation and axonal guidance during embryogenesis. Clinical efficiency was assessed using a contusive model of SCI. Body weight was early and constantly increased in NX210 treated animals as compared to vehicle treated animals. Improvement in locomotor behavior was appraised with the open field tests. Path length was significantly increased while time spent in central cells was constantly decreased in NX210 treated animals. A BBB score above 14 only performed by NX210 treated animals was related to the restoration of coordination between forelimbs and hind limbs. Normalization of reflexes such as paw placement and toe spread in NX210 treated animals could becorrelated to the recovery of supraspinal control. The action on cell recruiting was assessed by immunohistochemistry using a rat model of corpus callosum section. The lesion was performed near the subventricular zone to study cell proliferation and migration from the stem cell niche to the site of injury. The lack of NeuN immunostaining confirmed the absence of neural cells recruitment. Myelin debris identified by MBP immunostaining were located at a distance from the site of injury. GFAP and NG2cells significantly more numerous in NX210 treated animals identified astrocyte and oligodendrocyte recruitment all around the lesion site.Ce travail évalue l’efficacité d’un peptide dérivé d’une protéine TSR dans la réparation des lésions traumatiques de la substance blanche du système nerveux central. Les propriétés neuroprotectrices ont été explorées sur l’activité anti-oxydante et anti-apoptotique. Le NX210 augmente la viabilité des cellules B104 exposées au peroxyde d’oxygène, un des principaux radicaux oxygénés de la réaction secondaire. Lemécanisme anti-apoptotique a été étudié par la mesure de l’activité anti-caspase. Le NX210 inhibe l’activité des caspases 3/7 selon un effet dose dépendant. Les propriétés neuroréparatrices ont été testées sur des modèles de lésions médullaires chez le rat. Dans un modèle de section médullaire, le NX210 stimule précocement la croissance axonale et la fasciculation. Deux molécules impliquées dans la fasciculation, les neurofilaments et la laminine, sont colocalisées au niveau de la repousse. L’efficacité clinique du NX210 a été testée sur un modèle de contusion médullaire. Le poids corporel était précocement et constamment supérieur chez les animaux traités par rapport aux témoins. L’amélioration motrice évaluée en «open-field» comprenait une augmentation de la distance parcourue et une diminution du temps passé dans les cellules centrales. Un score de BBB supérieur à 14 chez les animaux traités signait la restauration de la coordination des mouvements entre les membres thoraciques et les membres pelviens. La normalisation des réflexes pouvait être corrélée à la restitution du contrôle supraspinal, notamment par la repousse des fibres corticospinales, rubrospinales et extéroceptives. L’action sur le recrutement cellulaire a été étudiée sur un modèle de section du corps calleux en immunohistochimie. La réalisation d’une lésion proche de la zone subventriculaire permettait d’explorer le recrutement cellulaire à partir de cette niche à cellules souches. L’absence de cellule NeuN+ tendrait à démontrer l’absence de recrutement neuronal. Le marquage au MBP montrait des débris de myéline à distance du foyer lésionnel liés à des phénomènes de dégénérescence wallérienne ou d’excitoxicité. La présence de cellules GFAP+ etNG2+ sur le site lésionnel témoignait d’un recrutement astrocytaire et oligodendrocytaire

LES KYSTES COLLOIDES DU TROISIEME VENTRICULE

PARIS6-Bibl. St Antoine CHU (751122104) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Heligmonina malacomys n. sp. (Nematoda, Trichostrongyloidea), parasite d\u27un Murid\ue9 africain

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