Doing laundry in consumption corridors : wellbeing and everyday life

Abstract In this article, we explore the possibilities for a transformation toward more sustainable energy usage by engaging with mundane activities, such as doing the laundry. Across European households, laundry practices rely on social norms and material arrangements, which makes these practices rather “sticky” and resistant to change. Through the lens of consumption corridors, and accounting for wellbeing in relation to the basic needs of participation, health, and autonomy, we study laundry practices and their transformation in 73 Finnish and Swiss households that took part in a challenge to reduce their weekly wash cycles by half over a four-week period in autumn 2018. By using both qualitative and quantitative data, we analyze how participants defined minimum and maximum standards for cleanliness and convenience, for themselves and for others, over the course of the challenge period. Specifically, we consider how the sequencing of tasks associated with “doing the laundry” changed, as well as the significance of social relations and sensations in representations of social norms. The participants’ experiences helped uncover how setting limits toward consumption corridors can be achieved, whereby reductions in consumption can result in sustainable wellbeing.In this article, we explore the possibilities for a transformation toward more sustainable energy usage by engaging with mundane activities, such as doing the laundry. Across European households, laundry practices rely on social norms and material arrangements, which makes these practices rather “sticky” and resistant to change. Through the lens of consumption corridors, and accounting for wellbeing in relation to the basic needs of participation, health, and autonomy, we study laundry practices and their transformation in 73 Finnish and Swiss households that took part in a challenge to reduce their weekly wash cycles by half over a four-week period in autumn 2018. By using both qualitative and quantitative data, we analyze how participants defined minimum and maximum standards for cleanliness and convenience, for themselves and for others, over the course of the challenge period. Specifically, we consider how the sequencing of tasks associated with “doing the laundry” changed, as well as the significance of social relations and sensations in representations of social norms. The participants’ experiences helped uncover how setting limits toward consumption corridors can be achieved, whereby reductions in consumption can result in sustainable wellbeing.Peer reviewe

Le mangeur en équilibre entre plaisir et contrôle : les formes de la normativité dans l'alimentation contemporaine

Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2010-2011Parce qu'alimentation, société et intimité sont étroitement liées, le mangeur, qui croit en mangeant poser un acte hautement individuel, se livre corps et âme aux normes sociales, indépendantes de sa volonté. Ce faisant, il se voit habité par les tensions et contradictions inhérentes à l'ensemble normatif qui régit le rapport au corps et à l'alimentation dans les sociétés contemporaines, organisé autour de l'opposition plaisir/contrôle. Ces idées en tête, je me suis intéressée au discours des mangeurs sur leurs pratiques et les principes qui les organisent. Je cherchais à comprendre comment ceux-ci, plongés dans un environnement normatif paradoxal, en viennent à établir un système de pratiques alimentaires qui soit plus ou moins stable, mais qui structure néanmoins leur existence quotidienne. Pour ce faire, j'ai réalisé seize entrevues semi-dirigées sur le thème de l'alimentation auprès de sept hommes et neuf femmes, âgées de vingt-quatre à soixante-sept ans, qui fréquentent les centres d'entraînement ou qui pratiquent un entraînement régulier. Au terme de cette réflexion, il apparaît que la quête de l'équilibre entre plaisir et contrôle structure le discours des informateurs, chez qui tend à s'opérer un retour du balancier visant à rétablir l'harmonie entre les termes de l'opposition lorsqu'un excès est commis sur une plus ou moins longue période de temps. De même, tout abus de plaisir ou de contrôle est sanctionné dans le jeu des interdépendances, le mangeur s'exposant, par ses habitudes comme par son apparence, au jugement des autres. Les thèmes du plaisir et de la santé sont d'ailleurs largement repris par les pouvoirs publics, le pouvoir médical et les publicitaires qui visent à modifier les pratiques individuelles et collectives dans un sens ou dans l'autre. Sur le corps du mangeur se cristallise donc tout un système normatif qui impose ses contradictions, que l'on peut retrouver dans les pratiques individuelles comme collectives

Psychosocial determinants of fruit and vegetable intake in adult population: a systematic review

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Accumulating evidence suggests that fruit and vegetable intake (FVI) plays a protective role against major diseases. Despite this protective role and the obesity pandemic context, populations in Western countries usually eat far less than five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. In order to increase the efficiency of interventions, they should be tailored to the most important determinants or mediators of FVI. The objective was to systematically review social cognitive theory-based studies of FVI and to identify its main psychosocial determinants.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Published papers were systematically sought using Current Contents (2007-2009) and Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Proquest and Thesis, as well as Cinhal (1980-2009). Additional studies were identified by a manual search in the bibliographies. Search terms included fruit, vegetable, behaviour, intention, as well as names of specific theories. Only studies predicting FVI or intention to eat fruits and vegetables in the general population and using a social cognitive theory were included. Independent extraction of information was carried out by two persons using predefined data fields, including study quality criteria.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 23 studies were identified and included, 15 studying only the determinants of FVI, seven studying the determinants of FVI and intention and one studying only the determinants of intention. All pooled analyses were based on random-effects models. The random-effect R²observed for the prediction of FVI was 0.23 and it was 0.34 for the prediction of intention. Multicomponent theoretical frameworks and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) were most often used. A number of methodological moderators influenced the efficacy of prediction of FVI. The most consistent variables predicting behaviour were habit, motivation and goals, beliefs about capabilities, knowledge and taste; those explaining intention were beliefs about capabilities, beliefs about consequences and perceived social influences.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggest that the TPB and social cognitive theory (SCT) are the preferable social cognitive theories to predict behaviour and TPB to explain intention. Efficacy of prediction was nonetheless negatively affected by methodological factors such as the study design and the quality of psychosocial and behavioural measures.</p

Psychosocial determinants of physical activity at school among Lebanese children : an application of the planned behavior theory

Introduction: Based on an extended version the theory of planned behavior, this survey, aimed to identify the psychosocial determinants of children’s physical activity at school and intention to engage in it. Methods: 276 fifth- and sixth-grade students from two schools in Lebanon completed a self-reported questionnaire assessing psychosocial and physical activity variables. Data were collected also on sociodemographic, anthropometric variables. Results: Determinants of physical activity at school were intention, perceived behavior control, selfidentity, perceived barriers and gender. Children’s beliefs associated with a positive intention were the following: to feel able to engage in physical activity at school when sport equipment is provided, despite an inclement weather, despite school restrictions on the use of physical activity facilities and equipment, and despite an inappropriate playground for some kinds of play. These should be targeted in physical activity interventions. Conclusions: These findings inform the design of culturally relevant school-based interventions in Arabic countries. Interventions should specifically support girls in recognition of the negative influence of gender on physical activity. They should also promote children’s self-identification as a sporty child and enhance children’s confidence in their capacity to engage in physical activity at school and to overcome barriers associated with i

Phenotype and outcomes of very early onset and early onset inflammatory bowel diseases in a Montreal pediatric cohort

ObjectivesThe incidence of very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) and early-onset IBD (EO-IBD) is increasing. Here, we report their phenotype and outcomes in a Montreal pediatric cohort.MethodsWe analyzed data from patients diagnosed with IBD between January 2014 and December 2018 from the CHU Sainte-Justine. The primary endpoint was to compare the phenotypes of VEO-IBD and EO-IBD. The secondary endpoints involved comparing outcomes and rates of steroid-free clinical remission (SFCR) at 12 (±2) months (m) post-diagnosis and at last follow-up.Results28 (14 males) and 67 (34 males) patients were diagnosed with VEO-IBD and EO-IBD, respectively. Crohn's disease (CD) was more prevalent in EO-IBD (64.2% vs. 39.3%), whereas unclassified colitis (IBD-U) was diagnosed in 28.6% of VEO-IBD vs. 10.4% of EO-IBD (p &lt; 0.03). Ulcerative colitis (UC) and IBD-U predominantly presented as pancolitis in both groups (VEO-IBD: 76.5% vs. EO-IBD: 70.8%). Combining all disease subtypes, histological upper GI lesions were found in 57.2% of VEO-IBD vs. 83.6% of EO-IBD (p &lt; 0.009). In each subtype, no differential histological signature (activity, eosinophils, apoptotic bodies, granulomas) was observed between both groups. At 12 m post-diagnosis, 60.8% of VEO-IBD and 62.7% of EO-IBD patients were in SFCR. At a median follow-up of 56 m, SFCR was observed in 85.7% of VEO-IBD vs. 85.0% of EO-IBD patients.ConclusionThe rate of patients in SFCR at 1-year post-diagnosis and at the end of follow-up did not significantly differ between both groups

Challenging Practices : Experiences from community and individual living lab approaches

Peer reviewe

Challenging social norms to recraft practices : A Living Lab approach to reducing household energy use in eight European countries

ENERGISE is the first large-scale European effort to reduce household energy use through a change initiative that adopted a ‘living lab’ approach informed by social practice theory. Two challenges were introduced to 306 households in eight countries: to lower indoor temperatures and to reduce laundry cycles. This contribution demonstrates the usefulness of a practice-centered design that takes habits and routines as an entry point for understanding how different ‘elements of practices’ can be re-crafted. We discuss how a participatory ‘living lab’ approach that explicitly encouraged deliberation and reflexivity served to sharpen attention on practices as central to change. We discuss how ‘doing laundry’ and ‘keeping warm’, as very different types of practices, responded to the change initiative. For laundry, tangible changes in material arrangements, news skills and sensory competencies, and shifts in what is seen as ‘normal’ proved to be central to reducing wash cycles, including wearing clothes more often, airing them out, using smell to gauge cleanliness, or keeping dirty clothes out of sight. Warming people rather than spaces through added layers and activities, and related shifts in norms around thermal comfort, emerged as crucial steps towards lowering indoor temperatures. Average changes in reported temperatures and wash cycles indicate that reductions are possible, without an emphasis on individuals or technologies as central to change. We end with a discussion on the implications of our approach for energy sufficiency thinking and practice, emphasizing the merits of taking the complexity of everyday life seriously when designing change initiatives.Peer reviewe

Resolving fluorescent species by their brightness and diffusion using correlated photon-counting histograms

Fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy (FFS) refers to techniques that analyze fluctuations in the fluorescence emitted by fluorophores diffusing in a small volume and can be used to distinguish between populations of molecules that exhibit differences in brightness or diffusion. For example, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) resolves species through their diffusion by analyzing correlations in the fluorescence over time; photon counting histograms (PCH) and related methods based on moment analysis resolve species through their brightness by analyzing fluctuations in the photon counts. Here we introduce correlated photon counting histograms (cPCH), which uses both types of information to simultaneously resolve fluorescent species by their brightness and diffusion. We define the cPCH distribution by the probability to detect both a particular number of photons at the current time and another number at a later time. FCS and moment analysis are special cases of the moments of the cPCH distribution, and PCH is obtained by summing over the photon counts in either channel. cPCH is inherently a dual channel technique, and the expressions we develop apply to the dual colour case. Using simulations, we demonstrate that two species differing in both their diffusion and brightness can be better resolved with cPCH than with either FCS or PCH. Further, we show that cPCH can be extended both to longer dwell times to improve the signal-to-noise and to the analysis of images. By better exploiting the information available in fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy, cPCH will be an enabling methodology for quantitative biology

L’Image railleuse

La fonction critique des images s’incarne de manière privilégiée dans la satire. Si la satire s’est constituée en genre littéraire dès l’Antiquité, avant de gagner les beaux-arts et les arts graphiques à l’âge classique, ce sont les médias modernes – édition, presse, expositions, télévision, internet – qui, en élargissant progressivement sa sphère d’influence, ont renouvelé ses formes et ses objectifs tout en augmentant leur efficacité. Autorisant une diffusion planétaire et presque instantanée des images satiriques, internet et les technologies numériques n’ont pas seulement transformé la matérialité et les moyens d’action de cette imagerie et leurs effets sociopolitiques, ils ont aussi affecté les formes de la recherche sur le satirique en donnant accès de plus en plus rapidement à des corpus extrêmement vastes. La satire est aujourd’hui partout, sans qu’aucun acteur ni canal de diffusion ne puisse prétendre en contrôler ses usages généralisés ni son effectivité. Cette publication regroupe les actes du colloque qui s’est tenu du 25 au 27 juin 2015 à l’Institut national d’histoire de l’art, à Paris, organisé par l’Institut national d’histoire de l’art, l’université du Québec à Montréal et le LARHRA-UMR 5190 du CNRS, avec le soutien de l’Agence universitaire de la Francophonie et le Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada