A Qualitative Exploration of Women’s Self-knowledge and Perception Surrounding their Reproductive Bodies

This study examines what happens when a defined normal, in the sociocultural context of western civilization, does not align with women’s diverse experiences of their bodies throughout their reproductive lifespan. The study explores women’s frequent negative affects surrounding their reproductive bodies driven by western culture’s societal definition of normal. Using modified interview questions from Emily Martin’s 1987 study: The Woman in the Body, which help examine women’s perception of achieving womanhood through their corporeal experiences including menarche, menstruation, menopause, and pregnancy, this study strives to explore questions that women have about their bodies during their reproductive lifespan: How does my experience of womanhood compare to others? Is my body doing its job? What is my perception of my body? The answers to these questions, explored in this study, revolve around women\u27s most fundamental corporeal processes and investigate the observable disconnect in how a woman feels about the physiology of her body, and what she thinks more psychologically about her body. In addition to updating Martin’s study, this project also addresses gaps in existing literature such as considering more than one corporeal event within a women’s lifespan. A qualitative research approach was used with a semi-structured interview style. Twenty women ages 40 to 86 years were recruited from the Spirituality and Healing Conference hosted in Rochester, Minnesota, USA, in 2018. The interviews included approximately fifty questions during a 30-minute individual session. Interviews were then coded for emergent and parallel themes as it related to Martin’s original research. Using quotes and stories from the women interviewed, this study explores what happens when women don’t feel normal, and how feelings of abnormality lead to frequent denial of individual experience, even when those experiences are impactful. Although some existing theories of femininity help illuminate some of the subjects’ experiences, they do not encompass this behavior fully when investigated. To better describe the self-alienation exhibited by these women, this paper posits that the behavior might best be termed self-objectification. Following justification for self-objectification theory, the paper highlights interviewees central proposal for change—that both men and women participate in communication-based education on the reproductive lifespan

Human indoor climate preferences approximate specific geographies

Root mean square error analysis (between indoor and outdoor climates) and results for temperature and vapor pressur

Snapshot of KIPP Leadership Practices through 2010 -- 2011

As part of the U.S. Department of Education's Investing in Innovation (i3) grant, the Knowledge Is Power Program (KIPP) Foundation commissioned Mathematica to document leadership practices at KIPP schools. This issue brief summarizes notable findings from the study, which focused on identifying leadership practices across diverse areas: leadership structure and transitions, and the selection, development, and evaluation of leaders. Among other notable findings, KIPP combines a tiered sequence of leadership roles at the local level with national staff development programs to generate a pipeline of school leaders. The study also found that KIPP's Leadership Competency Model defines the skills school leaders need and guides development and evaluation

Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Extended-Infusion Piperacillin and Tazobactam in Critically Ill Children

The study objective was to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of extended-infusion piperacillintazobactam in children hospitalized in an intensive care unit. Seventy-two serum samples were collected at steady state from 12 patients who received piperacillin-tazobactam at 100/12.5 mg/kg of body weight every 8 h infused over 4 h. Population pharmacokinetic analyses were performed using NONMEM, and Monte Carlo simulations were performed to estimate the piperacillin pharmacokinetic profiles for dosing regimens of 80 to 100 mg/kg of the piperacillin component given every 6 to 8 h and infused over 0.5, 3, or 4 h. The probability of target attainment (PTA) for a cumulative percentage of the dosing interval that the drug concentration exceeds the MIC under steady-state pharmacokinetic conditions (TMIC) of\u3e50% was calculated at MICs ranging from 0.25 to 64 mg/liter. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age, weight, and estimated glomerular filtration rate were 5 ± 3 years, 17 ± 6.2 kg, and 118 ± 41 ml/min/1.73m2, respectively. A one-compartment model with zero-order input and first-order elimination best fit the pharmacokinetic data for both drugs. Weight was significantly associated with piperacillin clearance, and weight and sex were significantly associated with tazobactam clearance. Pharmacokinetic parameters (mean ± SD) for piperacillin and tazobactam were as follows: clearance, 0.22 ± 0.07 and 0.19 ± 0.07 liter/h/kg, respectively; volume of distribution, 0.43 ± 0.16 and 0.37 ± 0.14 liter/kg, respectively. All extended-infusion regimens achieved PTAs of\u3e90% at MICs of/liter. Only the 3-h infusion regimens given every 6 h achieved PTAs of\u3e90% at an MIC of 32 mg/liter. For susceptible bacterial pathogens, piperacillin-tazobactam doses of\u3e80/10 mg/kg given every 8 h and infused over 4 h achieve adequate pharmacodynamic exposures in critically ill children

Implementing Extended-Infusion Cefepime as Standard of Care in a Children’s Hospital: A Prospective Descriptive Study

Background: Extended-infusion cefepime (EIC) has been associated with decreased mortality in adults, but to our knowledge, there are no studies in children. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of implementing EIC as the standard dosing strategy in a pediatric population. Methods: This was a descriptive study of children aged 1 month to 17 years, including patients in the intensive care unit, who received cefepime after admission to a freestanding, tertiary care children’s hospital. Patients were excluded if they were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit or received cefepime in the outpatient, operating, or emergency department areas. Demographic and clinical data for patients who received cefepime from April through August 2013, the period following EIC implementation, were extracted from the medical records. Results: A total of 150 patients were included in the study, with a median age (interquartile range [IQR]) of 6 years (2-12.3 years) and median weight (IQR) of 20.7 kg (13.2-42.8 kg); 143 patients received cefepime via extended infusions, and 10 (7.0%) of those were changed to a 30-minute infusion during treatment. The most common reasons for infusion time change were intravenous (IV) incompatibility and IV access concerns, responsible for 50% of changes. Dosing errors and reported incidents during therapy were sparse (n = 12, 8.0%) and were most commonly related to renal dosing errors and/or initial dose error by prescriber. Conclusions: Because 93.0% of the patients who initially received EIC remained on EIC, implementation of EIC as the standard dosing strategy was feasible in this pediatric hospital

An interdisciplinary assessment of climate engineering strategies

Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2014. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 12 (2014): 280–287, doi:10.1890/130030.Mitigating further anthropogenic changes to the global climate will require reducing greenhouse-gas emissions (“abatement”), or else removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and/or diminishing solar input (“climate engineering”). Here, we develop and apply criteria to measure technical, economic, ecological, institutional, and ethical dimensions of, and public acceptance for, climate engineering strategies; provide a relative rating for each dimension; and offer a new interdisciplinary framework for comparing abatement and climate engineering options. While abatement remains the most desirable policy, certain climate engineering strategies, including forest and soil management for carbon sequestration, merit broad-scale application. Other proposed strategies, such as biochar production and geological carbon capture and storage, are rated somewhat lower, but deserve further research and development. Iron fertilization of the oceans and solar radiation management, although cost-effective, received the lowest ratings on most criteria. We conclude that although abatement should remain the central climate-change response, some low-risk, cost-effective climate engineering approaches should be applied as complements. The framework presented here aims to guide and prioritize further research and analysis, leading to improvements in climate engineering strategies.NSF grant #1103575 supported KRMM

Clockface polygons and the collective joy of making mathematics together

The social and embodied nature at the heart of all knowing, doing, and learning contrasts with the images that pervade our cultural imagination of mathematical work as a solitary, cognitive activity. This article describes a playful experiment by the author group to do collective mathematics, in an extended effort to construct alternative images, instincts, and practices for ourselves. We present a pair of episodes of mathematical exploration that come from our work together and that we have seen as an early success, intimating features of a stabilized collective mathematics that we hope to continue pursuing. Coming from a single investigation of our group, these episodes offer narrative accounts of the parallel inquiries of subgroups, working to define and characterize a mathematical space we had collectively identified, and then to formulate and investigate conjectures about that space. The narratives are followed by a discussion of themes within and across them and reflections on their significance as a step toward self-organized collective mathematics

“Just get on with it": A qualitative exploration of the health and wellbeing of prison operational managers and Governor grades: Overview of findings

The team of University of Lincoln researchers was commissioned in 2021 by the Prison Governor’s Association (PGA) – the professional body for prison operational managers and governor grades in the UK – to help them build a better understanding of the health and wellbeing of their members. This is particularly important because the Prison Service is not an ordinary workplace, with staff exposed to different and substantial daily pressures. Using qualitative interviews, the multidisciplinary team – bringing together expertise in psychology, health, law, and criminology – spoke to 63 PGA members to explore how participants described their health and wellbeing at work, what mechanisms of support were available, and how they felt about their current role. This short report captures an overview of the findings, based on analysis of the qualitative research. Further detail can be found in the full project report, available by contacting the authors using the details at the end of this report