Les inspecteurs vétérinaires face aux normes privées

L’article analyse comment le métier d’inspecteur vétérinaire pour la sécurité sanitaire des aliments évolue avec l’entrée en vigueur du « Paquet hygiène » en Europe, d’une part, et la mise sous assurance qualité des services vétérinaires, d’autre part. Le « Paquet hygiène » constitue la nouvelle référence juridique de l’intervention des inspecteurs : il a la particularité d’accorder une place centrale à la production par les industriels de leurs propres normes techniques, selon le système HACCP. La norme ISO 17020, pour sa part, est une norme organisationnelle, d’application volontaire, initialement pensée pour l’entreprise. L’inspection vétérinaire en a fait le ressort de la modernisation de son action depuis 2002. Conduite dans deux départements, notre enquête met en évidence comment les pratiques, l’organisation du travail et les relations entre inspecteurs et inspectés sont redéfinies par ces évolutions et que l’accumulation de nouvelles normes réglementaires et organisationnelles entraîne l’émergence d’injonctions contradictoires pour les agents au travail.food safety, veterinarian services, Hygiene package, HACCP, quality standard

Des usines à la campagne aux villes industrielles

L’objet de cet article est de retracer sociologiquement l’histoire du droit des installations classées ou plutôt de la partie de ce droit qui concerne l’urbanisation autour des établissements dangereux et qui entend ainsi encadrer les relations entre la ville et l’industrie. Cette perspective permet d’envisager deux aspects complémentaires de cette question : d’une part, on examine le droit comme une façon de représenter un problème et notamment comment la place de la question urbaine y a été pensée et définie ; d’autre part, on s’intéresse aux règles juridiques comme des outils, des ressources de catégories, de concepts qui définissent des cadres pour l’action publique. Ainsi, l'histoire du droit des installations classées contribue à mettre en lumière la façon dont la gestion de la proximité ville/industrie articule en permanence (mais selon des modalités qui varient au fil du temps) les dimensions sociales, économiques et environnementales qui permettent aujourd'hui d'appréhender et de définir le développement durable.The main aim of this paper is to relate the history of a part of the environmental French law, the one which govern the urban development in the vicinity of the dangerous chemical plants. From a sociological point of view, two aspects of this issue may be simultaneously analysed. In one hand, we examine the law as a way to represent the problem of cohabitation between urban area and industry: how this question has been successively thought out and defined? On the other hand, we take an interest in the juridical rules considered as tools, resources and concepts for public management. According to this approach, the history of this part of French law highlight how urban planning and risk management permanently link the social, economical and environmental dimensions of sustainability. But it shows also that those three factors play a part that vary from time to time

Les éleveurs de porcs face à leurs détracteurs en Dordogne et dans le Fnistère

RésuméLes éleveurs de porcs sont soumis à la critique de leur projet d'élevage lors des enquêtes publiques liées aux procédures d'autorisation de leurs établissements. Au quotidien, ils peuvent aussi être critiqués dans leur territoire de travail et dans leur lieu de résidence. Ces reproches sont d'autant plus éprouvants que ces éleveurs sont fragilisés par la réorganisation de leur territoire de travail désormais ouvert à l'agrotourisme. L'enquête repose sur des entretiens effectués dans deux départements contrastés du point de vue de l'organisation territoriale : la Dordogne et le Finistère. Elle révèle que ces éleveurs, contraints de modifier leurs pratiques, doivent recomposer leur identité.AbstractHog Farmers under criticism in Dordogne and FinistèreHog farmers have come under criticism, especially during public hearings for licenses. They are also being criticized for everyday activities at their places of work and residence. These criticisms are all the harder to bear since their position is fragile owing to the reorganization of the “territory” they work, which has been opened to agrotourism. Interviews were conducted in two French departments quite different in terms of territorial organization: Dordogne and Finistère. Swineherds are being forced to rework their identity as the meaning of their work changes

Could FaRP-Like Peptides Participate in Regulation of Hyperosmotic Stress Responses in Plants?

International audienceThe ability to respond to hyperosmotic stress is one of the numerous conserved cellular processes that most of the organisms have to face during their life. In metazoans, some peptides belonging to the FMRFamide-like peptide (FLP) family were shown to participate in osmoregulation via regulation of ion channels; this is, a well-known response to hyperosmotic stress in plants. Thus, we explored whether FLPs exist and regulate osmotic stress in plants. First, we demonstrated the response of Arabidopsis thaliana cultured cells to a metazoan FLP (FLRF). We found that A. thaliana express genes that display typical FLP repeated sequences, which end in RF and are surrounded by K or R, which is typical of cleavage sites and suggests bioactivity; however, the terminal G, allowing an amidation process in metazoan, seems to be replaced by W. Using synthetic peptides, we showed that amidation appears unnecessary to bioactivity in A. thaliana, and we provide evidence that these putative FLPs could be involved in physiological processes related to hyperosmotic stress responses in plants, urging further studies on this topic

Ancient origin of somatic and visceral neurons

Background: A key to understanding the evolution of the nervous system on a large phylogenetic scale is the identification of homologous neuronal types. Here, we focus this search on the sensory and motor neurons of bilaterians, exploiting their well-defined molecular signatures in vertebrates. Sensorimotor circuits in vertebrates are of two types: somatic (that sense the environment and respond by shaping bodily motions) and visceral (that sense the interior milieu and respond by regulating vital functions). These circuits differ by a small set of largely dedicated transcriptional determinants: Brn3 is expressed in many somatic sensory neurons, first and second order (among which mechanoreceptors are uniquely marked by the Brn3+/Islet1+/Drgx+ signature), somatic motoneurons uniquely co-express Lhx3/4 and Mnx1, while the vast majority of neurons, sensory and motor, involved in respiration, blood circulation or digestion are molecularly defined by their expression and dependence on the pan-visceral determinant Phox2b. Results: We explore the status of the sensorimotor transcriptional code of vertebrates in mollusks, a lophotrochozoa clade that provides a rich repertoire of physiologically identified neurons. In the gastropods Lymnaea stagnalis and Aplysia californica, we show that homologues of Brn3, Drgx, Islet1, Mnx1, Lhx3/4 and Phox2b differentially mark neurons with mechanoreceptive, locomotory and cardiorespiratory functions. Moreover, in the cephalopod Sepia officinalis, we show that Phox2 marks the stellate ganglion (in line with the respiratory — that is, visceral— ancestral role of the mantle, its target organ), while the anterior pedal ganglion, which controls the prehensile and locomotory arms, expresses Mnx. Conclusions: Despite considerable divergence in overall neural architecture, a molecular underpinning for the functional allocation of neurons to interactions with the environment or to homeostasis was inherited from the urbilaterian ancestor by contemporary protostomes and deuterostomes

Cephalopod genomics: a plan of strategies and organization

The Cephalopod Sequencing Consortium (CephSeq Consortium) was established at a NESCent Catalysis Group Meeting, "Paths to Cephalopod Genomics-Strategies, Choices, Organization," held in Durham, North Carolina, USA on May 24-27, 2012. Twenty-eight participants representing nine countries (Austria, Australia, China, Denmark, France, Italy, Japan, Spain and the USA) met to address the pressing need for genome sequencing of cephalopod mollusks. This group, drawn from cephalopod biologists, neuroscientists, developmental and evolutionary biologists, materials scientists, bioinformaticians and researchers active in sequencing, assembling and annotating genomes, agreed on a set of cephalopod species of particular importance for initial sequencing and developed strategies and an organization (CephSeq Consortium) to promote this sequencing. The conclusions and recommendations of this meeting are described in this white paper

Cephalopod genomics : a plan of strategies and organization

© The Author(s), 2012. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Standards in Genomic Sciences 7 (2012): 175-188, doi:10.4056/sigs.3136559.The Cephalopod Sequencing Consortium (CephSeq Consortium) was established at a NESCent Catalysis Group Meeting, “Paths to Cephalopod Genomics- Strategies, Choices, Organization,” held in Durham, North Carolina, USA on May 24-27, 2012. Twenty-eight participants representing nine countries (Austria, Australia, China, Denmark, France, Italy, Japan, Spain and the USA) met to address the pressing need for genome sequencing of cephalopod molluscs. This group, drawn from cephalopod biologists, neuroscientists, developmental and evolutionary biologists, materials scientists, bioinformaticians and researchers active in sequencing, assembling and annotating genomes, agreed on a set of cephalopod species of particular importance for initial sequencing and developed strategies and an organization (CephSeq Consortium) to promote this sequencing. The conclusions and recommendations of this meeting are described in this White Paper.The Catalysis Group Meeting was supported by the National Science Foundation through the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) under grant number NSF #EF-0905606

Régime sans gluten

Tuberculosis, despite its prevention, remains an endemic affection in Morocco. Although rare, pseudo surgical forms and especially peritonitis are mainly due to delayed diagnosis. We report the case of a 30-year-old woman, admitted for peritonitis. The diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis was established during surgery with macroscopic observation of granulations, and confirmed after biopsy specimens by identification of a giant lymph node cell granuloma with caseous necrosis. Outcome was favorable after appropriate antibiotic therapy. This observation emphasizes the fact that peritonitis, although a rare complication of peritoneal tuberculosis, poses problems of positive and differential diagnosis. Even if treatment is based on antituberculous quadritherapy, surgery is sometimes necessary and should be decided in due time

Risques et adaptation nutritionnelle en cancérologie

This article starts with a presentation of Caycedian Sophrology. We then evaluate its impact on stress reduction through a questionnaire on a students’ population. It appears that stress level increases between the two sessions in the control group while it decreases in the experimental group