A Ligand Exchange Model for the Adsorption of Inorganic and Organic Ligands at Hydrous Oxide Interfaces

Specific adsorption of organic and inorganic weak acids and of anions on hydrous oxide surfaces and the concomitant influences upon surface charge can be interpreted as ligand exchange reactions at the reactive surface sites. Direct (inner sphere) binding of the ligands to the surface is postulated. The extent of adsorption and its pH dependence can be explained by considering the affinity of the surface sites and those of the ligands. Surface equilibrium constants have been determined experimentally for various surface reactions; they can be used to predict extent of adsorption and resulting surface charge. The adsorption of simple weak acids or their anions is largest around the pH value of pH = pK. The surface complex formation constants show the same trend in stability as the corresponding solute complex formation constants; thus surface coordination equilibrium constants can be estimated from the corresponding complex formation constants in solution

CXCL12 promotes the crossing of retinal ganglion cell axons at the optic chiasm

Open Access via the JISC/CUP agreement Funding This work was supported by a University of Aberdeen Elphinstone Scholarship to V.-H.L., a Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grant [TU295/10-1] to R.S. and a Wellcome Trust New Investigator Award [095623/Z/11/Z] to C.R. Open Access funding provided by University of Aberdeen. Deposited in PMC for immediate release.Peer reviewe

Psychotic experiences and negative symptoms from adolescence to emerging adulthood: developmental trajectories and associations with polygenic scores and childhood characteristics

Background. Psychotic experiences and negative symptoms (PENS) are common in nonclinical populations. PENS are associated with adverse outcomes, particularly when they persist. Little is known about the trajectories of PENS dimensions in young people, nor about the precursory factors associated with these trajectories. Methods. We conducted growth mixture modelling of paranoia, hallucinations, and negative symptoms across ages 16, 17, and 22 in a community sample (N = 12 049–12 652). We then described the emergent trajectory classes through their associations with genome-wide polygenic scores (GPS) for psychiatric and educational phenotypes, and earlier childhood characteristics. Results. Three trajectory classes emerged for paranoia, two for hallucinations, and two for negative symptoms. Across PENS, GPS for clinical help-seeking, major depressive disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were associated with increased odds of being in the most elevated trajectory class (OR 1.07–1.23). Lower education GPS was associated with the most elevated trajectory class for hallucinations and negative symptoms (OR 0.77– 0.91). Conversely for paranoia, higher education GPS was associated with the most elevated trajectory class (OR 1.25). Trajectory class associations were not significant for schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, or anorexia GPS. Emotional/behaviour problems and life events in childhood were associated with increased odds of being in the most elevated trajectory class across PENS. Conclusions. Our results suggest latent heterogeneity in the development of paranoia, hallucinations, and negative symptoms in young people that is associated with specific polygenic scores and childhood characteristics

Educational nursing intervention to reduce the hyperphosphatemia in patients on hemodialysis

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational nursing intervention to reduce hyperphosphataemia in chronic renal patients on hemodialysis. Method: quasi-experimental study with 63 hyperphosphatemic patients on hemodialysis. The intervention consisted of developing and providing a printed and illustrated manual to patients containing information on disease control. The participant was asked to complete a daily checklist with the aim to reinforce aspects provided in the manual. Laboratory tests and itching intensity were analyzed at the beginning of the study, and at 30 and 60 days after the educational intervention. Results: the mean age of participants was 58 +/- 13.1 years, with a treatment time of 51.1 +/- 44.7 months. A reduction in serum phosphorus values of 7.06 +/- 1.43 to 5.80 +/- 1.53 (p <0.001) and the intensity of itching after the intervention was observed. Conclusion: the educational nursing intervention was effective in reducing phosphate and decreasing itching in hyperphosphatemic patients.Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade de uma intervenção educacional de enfermagem para redução da hiperfosfatemia em pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise. Método: estudo quase experimental realizado com 63 pacientes hiperfosfatêmicos em hemodiálise. A intervenção se constituiu em orientar e disponibilizar um manual impresso e ilustrado aos pacientes, contendo informações sobre o controle da doença. Foi solicitado o preenchimento de um checklist diário, com finalidade recordatória dos aspectos abordados no manual. Os exames laboratoriais e a intensidade do prurido foram analisados no início do estudo, aos 30 e 60 dias após a intervenção educacional. Resultados: a média de idade dos participantes foi 58±13,1 anos e tempo de tratamento de 51,1±44,7 meses. Houve redução dos valores séricos do fósforo de 7,06±1,43 para 5,80±1,53 (p<0,001) e da intensidade do prurido após a intervenção. Conclusão: a Intervenção Educacional de Enfermagem foi efetiva para redução do fosfato e diminuição do prurido nos pacientes hiperfosfatêmicos.Univ Reg Noroeste Estado Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Hlth Sci, Nursing Course, Ijui, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Santa Maria, North Higher Educ Ctr, Palmeira Das Missoes, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Santa Maria, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Nursing, Santa Maria, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Santa Maria, Univ Hosp Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Paulista Sch Nursing, Dept Nursing, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Paulista Sch Nursing, Dept Med, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem. São Paulo-SP, BrasilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina. São Paulo-SP, BrasilWeb of Scienc

Qualidade de vida de profissionais em um centro cirúrgico

Objective: To assess the quality of life (QOL) of the health team that works in a surgical center in a general hospital in the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul, and relate it to demographic variables.Methods: It is a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study. Data collected by questionnaire and the WHOQOL – BREF.Results: 21 professionals, 52.4% specialists, 57.1% are female, 85.7% married, with children, 57.1% with 30 to 50 years old incomplete, 42.9% were 50 years or more; 66,6% work 15 or more years in the profession, 57.1% opted for the surgery center, 71.4% non-exclusivity. In the four domains of WHOQOL-BREF, the average gained 77.21 Physical, the Psychic 72.03, 71.43 Social Relations and Environment, 65.3.Conclusion: researched assess quality of life as "good" or "very good" and "satisfied" with their health, regardless of age and sex.Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida (CDV) del equipo de salud que trabaja en un centro quirúrgico en un hospital general en la región noroeste de Rio Grande do Sul, y relacionarla con las variables demográficas.Método: Es cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal. Para recolectar los datos se utilizó el WHOQOL - BREF y datos demográficos de 21 profesionales.Resultados: Participación de 21 profesionales, 52,4% especialistas, 57,1% son mujeres, el 85,7% casados, con hijos, el 57,1% de 30 a 50 años incompletos de edad, el 42,9% tenían 50 años o más, 66, 6% trabaja 15 o más años en la profesión, el 57,1% optó por el centro de la cirugía, el 71,4% sin exclusividad. En los cuatro dominios del WHOQOL-BREF, el promedio obtenido fue: el físico 77,21, el psíquico 72.03, Relaciones Sociales el 71.43 y Medio Ambiente, el 65,3.Conclusión: Entrevistados evaluan la calidad de vida como "buena" o "muy buena" y "satisfecho" con su salud, independientemente de la edad y el sexo.Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida (QV) da equipe de saúde que atua em um centro cirúrgico de um hospital geral da região noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul e relacioná-la a variáveis sócio-demográficas. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo, quantitativo. Dados coletados por questionário e WHOQOL – BREF. Resultados: participaram 21 profissionais, 52,4% especialistas; 57,1% é mulher, 85,7% casada, com filhos, 57,1% com 30 a 50 anos incompletas de idade, 42,9% 50 anos ou mais; 66,6% atuam 15 anos ou mais na profissão, 57,1% optou por centro cirúrgico, 71,4% sem exclusividade. Nos quatro domínios do WHOQOL-BREF, o Físico obteve média 77,21, o Psíquico 72,03, Relações Sociais 71,43 e Meio Ambiente, 65,3. Conclusão: pesquisados avaliam qualidade de vida como “boa” ou “muito boa”, e “satisfeitos” com sua saúde, independente da idade e sexo

ESTRATÉGIAS DE COPING UTILIZADAS POR TRABALHADORES DE ENFERMAGEM EM TERAPIA INTENSIVA NEONATAL

RESUMO Estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo desenvolvido com 23 trabalhadores de enfermagem com o objetivo de identificar as estratégias de coping utilizadas por trabalhadores de enfermagem de uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Os dados foram coletados em setembro e outubro de 2012 por meio de formulário para caracterização sociodemográfica/funcional e Inventário de Estratégias de Coping. Projeto aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, CAAE 06163312.8.0000.5346. Após análise dos resultados verificou-se que os fatores do inventário mais utilizados pelos trabalhadores foram autocontrole, reavaliação positiva e suporte social. Essas estratégias, centradas tanto na emoção quanto no problema, são consideradas ativas, pois conduzem para a tomada de decisão na resolução da situação estressora. Concluiu-se que identificar as estratégias de coping utilizadas pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem de terapia intensiva pode possibilitar o conhecimento de como as situações estressoras são enfrentadas e favorecer o planejamento de ações de educação permanente, para sensibilizar e instrumentalizar os trabalhadores para o uso efetivo do coping

T Cell Phenotype and T Cell Receptor Repertoire in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

While a link between inflammation and the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) is supported by a growing body of evidence, little is known about the contribution of aberrant adaptive immunity in this context. Here, we conducted in-depth characterization of T cell phenotype and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in MDD. For this cross- sectional case–control study, we recruited antidepressant-free patients with MDD without any somatic or psychiatric comorbidities (n = 20), who were individually matched for sex, age, body mass index, and smoking status to a non-depressed control subject (n = 20). T cell phenotype and repertoire were interrogated using a combination of flow cytometry, gene expression analysis, and next generation sequencing. T cells from MDD patients showed significantly lower surface expression of the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR6, which are known to be central to T cell differentiation and trafficking. In addition, we observed a shift within the CD4+ T cell compartment characterized by a higher frequency of CD4+CD25highCD127low/− cells and higher FOXP3 mRNA expression in purified CD4+ T cells obtained from patients with MDD. Finally, flow cytometry-based TCR Vβ repertoire analysis indicated a less diverse CD4+ T cell repertoire in MDD, which was corroborated by next generation sequencing of the TCR β chain CDR3 region. Overall, these results suggest that T cell phenotype and TCR utilization are skewed on several levels in patients with MDD. Our study identifies putative cellular and molecular signatures of dysregulated adaptive immunity and reinforces the notion that T cells are a pathophysiologically relevant cell population in this disorder

CXCL12-Mediated Guidance of Migrating Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Progenitors Transplanted into the Hippocampus

Stem cell therapies for neurodegenerative disorders require accurate delivery of the transplanted cells to the sites of damage. Numerous studies have established that fluid injections to the hippocampus can induce lesions in the dentate gyrus (DG) that lead to cell death within the upper blade. Using a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy, we previously observed that embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitors (ESNPs) survive and differentiate within the granule cell layer after stereotaxic delivery to the DG, replacing the endogenous cells of the upper blade. To investigate the mechanisms for ESNP migration and repair in the DG, we examined the role of the chemokine CXCL12 in mice subjected to kainic acid-induced seizures. We now show that ESNPs transplanted into the DG show extensive migration through the upper blade, along the septotemporal axis of the hippocampus. Seizures upregulate CXCL12 and infusion of the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 by osmotic minipump attenuated ESNP migration. We also demonstrate that seizures promote the differentiation of transplanted ESNPs toward neuronal rather than astrocyte fates. These findings suggest that ESNPs transplanted into the adult rodent hippocampus migrate in response to cytokine-mediated signals