How can India help women to stay in the workforce?

Women in India are far less likely to be in paid work than men. The economic hardship caused by the pandemic has driven some into the workforce, but if they are to keep their jobs social norms will have to change. Laura Sili (International Growth Centre) looks at the challenges for India’s policymakers

Effect of a basic Chinese traditional diet in overweight patients.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of a basic Chinese traditional diet (BTCD) in overweight patients on body mass index (BMI), lean mass, sense of hunger, and eating behaviour. Methods A total of 694 enrolled subjects (218 male and 476 female) were divided into two groups: group A undergoing a 1200-Kcal BTCD, and group B undergoing a 1200-Kcal standard western diet. Results From T0 (before treatment) to T1 (6 weeks after treatment), BMI was lowered in group A from (32.33±5.51) to (31.96±5.56) kg/m2, and in group B from (31.62±6.29) to (31.36±6.47) kg/m2. After treatment, patients in group A lost more weight (0.37±0.52) kg than group B (0.26±0.79) kg (P=0.0044). From T0 to T1, the mean lean mass of group A decreased from (16.48±5.50) to (16.27±5.45) kg. In group B, mean lean mass decreased from (16.93 ±6.49) to (16.44±6.29) kg. The difference was significant (P=0.0078). Conclusion The two diets could lead to lower BMI, improve lean mass as well as eating behaviour and sense of hunger. However, the BTCD was significantly better than the western standard diet

¿Construyendo territorio? El rol de las agronomías y acopios en Balcarce

En la Argentina, la expansión de la producción agropecuaria vino acompañada del incremento y consolidación del mercado de agroinsumos (semillas, agroquímicos y fertilizantes). En general, los estudios vinculados con las transformaciones del agro (siembre directa, expansión de la frontera agrícola, pool de siembra) no focalizan en las proveedoras de bienes y servicios como las agronomías y acopios. A partir de las prácticas sociales y espaciales de los responsables de las agronomías y los acopios en una ciudad agropecuaria (Balcarce, sudeste bonaerense), nos proponemos reflexionar sobre el rol que cumplen estos actores en la construcción social del territorio. Partiendo de una base de datos ad hoc, se implementaron entrevistas semi-estructuras a los actores clave de este entramado, entre junio de 2018 y junio de 2019. Los orígenes de las empresas y sus representantes, así como las articulaciones con clientes, proveedores e instituciones locales, nos permiten comprender cómo estas empresas construyen/de-construyen territorio. Si bien las empresas de bienes y servicios para el agro siempre reflejaron conductas globales por ofrecer insumos importados, en los últimos años la presión de la lógica capitalista global reconfigura el paisaje comercial y de interacción con los actores locales.Fil: Bruno, Mariana Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Viteri, Maria Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Agencia de Extensión Rural Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Sili, Marcelo Enrique. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geografía y Turismo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaXI Jornadas Interdisciplinarias de Estudios Agrarios y Agroindustriales 2019Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentinaUniversidad de Buenos Aires. Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios Agrario

INFLUENCE OF TYPES AND FORMS OF FOOD ON PRODUCTION PERFORMANCES OF FATTENING PIGS

Istraživanje je provedeno na farmi Kozarac na 120 PIC tovljenika, genotipa ženske linije C–23 i muške linije P-337, podijeljenih u 4 skupine te ujednačenih po spolu i dobi. Cilj istraživanja bilo je ispitivanje utjecaja vrste i oblika hrane na proizvodne rezultate tovljenika. Skupina 1 tijekom pokusa dobivala je brašnasti oblik krmne smjese ST-1, skupina 2 peletirani oblik krmne smjese ST-1, skupina 3 brašnasti oblik krmne smjese ST-1 i ST-2, dok je skupina 4 dobivala peletirani oblik krmne smjese ST-1 i ST-2. Kontrolna vaganja rađena su svakih 21. dan a nakon 84. dana tova i pri tjelesnoj masi od 105 kg, tovljenici su poslani na klanje nakon čega su izmjerene klaoničke vrijednosti toplih polovica. Između promatranih skupina nije postojala statistički značajna razlika u pogledu prosječnog dnevnog prirasta, dok su analizom prosječne potrošnje krmne smjese i prosječne dnevne konzumacije utvrđene statistički visoko značajne razlike između skupine 1 i skupine 4 (p<0,001), značajne razlike između skupine 1 i skupine 2 (p<0,05), te skupine 3 i skupine 4 (p<0,05). Između promatranih skupina nisu postojale statistički značajne razlike na liniji klanja u debljini slanine (mm), debljini mišićja (mm) i postotku mesnatosti.The research was carried out on the farm Kozarac on 120 PIC fattening pigs genotype C-23 x P – 337, divided into 4 groups, 30 pigs in each, equalized by sex and by age. Group 1 was fed meal ST-1, group 2 was fed pellets ST-1, group 3 was fed meal ST-1 and ST-2, group 4 was fed ST-1 and ST-2 pellets. Control weight was done every twenty-first day, and after 84 days of fattening and approximately 105 kg live weight the pigs were sent to the slaughterhouse. There was no statistically significant difference in average daily gain among all groups of pigs. Analyzing average food consumption statistically significant differences between groups were found. Using the Tukey test, the biggest difference was found in group 1 compared with group 4 (p< 0.001), while significant difference was found between groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05), and group 3 and 4 (p<0.05). Pigs on pellets had statistically the lowest daily feed consumption in relation to those on meal. There was no statistically significant difference in the slaughterhouse in fat thickness (mm), muscle thickness (mm) and percentage of lean meat

INFLUENCE OF NUKLOSPRAY YOGHURT ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN SUCKLING PIGLETS

Istraživanje je provedeno u proizvodnim uvjetima komercijalne farme svinja Andrijaševci 2 unutar proizvodnog sustava Belje d.d. na ukupno 40 krmača (PIC C-23) i njihovoj prasadi (n = 474 praseta, potomaka terminalnog nerasta P-410) podijeljenih u dvije skupine, ujednačenih masa. Pokusna skupina dobivala je u dobi od 1 dan pripravak Nuklospray Yoghurt, a nakon deset dana i predstarter, dok je kontrolna skupina dobivala samo predstarter od desetog dana. Hranidba jogurtom bila je po točno određenom protokolu, prema kojem se pripravak u prahu miješa s vodom u omjeru 1:2,5, a količina se povećava jednom tjedno. Analizirajući tjelesne mase prasadi vidljivo je da je prasad pokusne skupine imala značajno veću (p < 0,06) prosječnu masu u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. Također, dnevni prirasti prasadi pokazuju značajnu razliku (p < 0,04) u korist pokusne skupine (0,251 kg) u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu (0,229 kg). Rezultati pokusa pokazuju da je prasad pokusne skupine koja je konzumirala Nuklospray Yoghurt imala 10,8 % veću ukupnu završnu masu u odnosu na kontrolnu što predstavlja značajnu razliku.The research was carried out in the farrowing unit on the commercial pig farm Andrijaševci 2 ( AGROKOR/BELJE Company Production System) on piglets (n= piglets, progeny of boar P-410) from 40 sows (PIC C-23) divided into 2 groups of identical weight. The trial group was fed on Nuklospray Yoghurt (NY) from the day they were born and after 10 days prestarter was added, while the control group was fed only on prestarter after 10 days of life. The feeding on NY followed a defined procedure in which the product was mixed with water in ratio 1:2.5 and quantities were increased once per week. Analysis of piglets’ body weight (BW) showed a significant higher BW (p < 0.06) in the trial group than control group (0.229 kg). Piglets’ average daily gain (ADG) also showed significant difference (p< 0.04), the trial group had 0.251 ADG while the control group had 0.229 ADG. Results of the NY group with 10.8 % higher total and BW than the control group indicate a significant difference

An observational study on chronic pain biomarkers in fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis patients:.which role for mu opioid receptor’s expression on NK cells.

The evaluation of chronic pain is challenging because of the lack of specific biomarkers. We identified the Mu opioid receptor-positive (Mu+) B cell percentage of expression, named Mu-Lympho-Marker (MLM), as a candidate marker for chronic pain in fibromyalgia (FM) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Here, we investigate the role of MLM on natural killer (NK) cells in the same patients. Twenty-nine FM and twelve OA patients were analyzed, and twenty-three pain-free subjects were considered as the control group. Blood samples were collected to perform immunophenotyping and Western blot analysis. Biological and clinical data were statistically analyzed. The final results showed that the percentage of NK cells expressing Mu was statistically lower in FM and OA patients than in pain-free subjects, as already demonstrated for B cells. A Western blot analysis was performed in order to detect NK cells' functional status. Moreover, the correlation analysis of MLM expression with pharmacological therapy did not show any significant results. In conclusion, here, we confirm the role of MLM as a suitable marker for chronic pain and underline NK cells as a new possible immune cell type involved in the "Mu opioid receptor reserve theory"

[Integrated Procurement Model: A new approach to Tissue and Organ Procurement]

Introduction: Literature has shown that the process of procurement of organs and tissues is fundamental in determining the number of donations. Starting from these assumptions, an integrated procurement model of organs and tissues has been designed and tested, where nurse specialists in organ donation coordinate the team and the entire process. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Integrated Procurement Models in terms of identifying potential donors and the number of donations. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted before and after the introduction of the new procurement model in a large University Hospital in Rome. The data of potential donors identified, the number of donations made and the efficiency indicators of the donation process were compared. Results: 692 potential donors were identified. The introduction of the integrated model increased the number of actual donors (from 31 to 51), brain death assessments (from 69 to 99), and the efficiency indicators of the donation process (from 0.25 to 0.29). From the comparison between the activities before and after the introduction of the integrated procurement model, statistically significant differences emerged regarding the number of donors and the amount of corneal tissue extracted. Conclusions: The adoption of the standardized Integrated Procurement Model would increase the number of potential donors and actual donations, thanks also to the key role assumed by the nurse specializing in organ donation as team and process coordinator

El rol de las agronomías y acopios en la consolidación del modelo de agronegocios en Balcarce (2000 – 2019)

The aim of this research paper was to reflect upon the role of agronomies and cereal traders in the social construction of Balcarce territory (Southeast of Buenos Aires province) since the year 2000. It focused on the interactions between global and local practices. After having carried out and analysed semi-structured interviews to company managers, employees and qualified informants, it was concluded that agricultural supply distributors are key in organizing local production systems. The practices and interactions among the different actors of this assemblage collaborate in the construction of a space of control and discipline under the command of transnational companies.El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar sobre el rol de las agronomías y acopios en la construcción social del territorio de Balcarce (sudeste bonaerense) a partir del año 2000. Para ello, se focaliza en las interacciones entre lo global y local, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas a responsables de empresas, empleados e informantes calificados. Se concluye que los distribuidores de agroinsumos son clave en la organización de los sistemas productivos locales. Las prácticas e interacciones entre los diferentes actores de este ensamblaje colaboran en la construcción de un espacio de control y disciplinamiento al comando de las empresas transnacionales

The role of agronomies and cereal traders in the consolidation of the agribusiness model in Balcarce (2000-2019)

El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar sobre el rol de las agronomías y acopios en la construcción social del territorio de Balcarce (sudeste bonaerense) a partir del año 2000. Para ello, se focaliza en las interacciones entre lo global y local, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas a responsables de empresas, empleados e informantes calificados. Se concluye que los distribuidores de agroinsumos son clave en la organización de los sistemas productivos locales. Las prácticas e interacciones entre los diferentes actores de este ensamblaje colaboran en la construcción de un espacio de control y disciplinamiento al comando de las empresas transnacionales.The aim of this research paper was to reflect upon the role of agronomies and cereal traders in the social construction of Balcarce territory (Southeast of Buenos Aires province) since the year 2000. It focused on the interactions between global and local practices. After having carried out and analysed semi-structured interviews to company managers, employees and qualified informants, it was concluded that agricultural supply distributors are key in organizing local production systems. The practices and interactions among the different actors of this assemblage collaborate in the construction of a space of control and discipline under the command of transnational companies.Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociale

Las empresas de bienes y servicios al agro como actores clave para el desarrollo de las agrociudades: el caso de la ciudad de Balcarce, Buenos Aires (1990-2021)

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo dar cuenta de la configuración de las agrociudades a partir de un análisis descriptivo de las empresas que brindan bienes y servicios al sector agropecuario radicadas en la ciudad de San José de Balcarce, como actores clave del modelo de agro negocios. El trabajo se estructura de la siguiente manera: En la primera parte se explica la metodología basada en la construcción de una base de datos ad hoc y selección de casos de empresas de bienes y servicios. En la sección dos, se describe la base de datos "Servicios Agro Balcarce" y se caracterizan las empresas seleccionadas. Por último, se plantean las principales conclusiones. Cabe destacar que esta propuesta se enmarca en la tesis doctoral titulada “Estrategias de territorialización de los actores vinculados a la comercialización de bienes y servicios al agro. Entre lógicas globales y cotidianeidades locales. Balcarce (1990-2021)", cuyo objetivo consiste en identificar las diferentes prácticas socio-espaciales de las empresas de bienes y servicios al agro, reconocer las diferentes lógicas de territorialización y explicar la configuración territorial resultante.EEA BalcarceFil: Bruno, Mariana Paola. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina.Fil: Viteri, María Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina.Fil: Sili, Marcelo Enrique. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geografía y Turismo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin