Die ateneus in Barcelona und ihre Bibliotheken

In dieser Arbeit wird die Entstehung und Entwicklung der ateneus in Barcelona anhand einiger ausgewählter ateneus aufgezeigt. Herausgestellt werden die Bedeutung und der Einfluss der Bibliotheken in den ateneus. Gegenstand der Untersuchung sind hauptsächlich das Ateneu Barcelonès, das Ateneu Enciclopèdic Popular und das Institut de Cultura i Biblioteca Popular de la Dona. Sie werden vor dem Hintergrund der historischen, sozialen, politischen und kulturellen Rahmenbedingungen betrachtet. Die Geschichte der ateneu-Bibliotheken in Barcelona wird in die Geschichte des katalanischen Bibliothekswesens eingeordnet. Ein ateneu, auf Deutsch Athenäum, ist eine private kulturelle Einrichtung. Ateneus waren seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts in Katalonien und vor allem in der Hauptstadt Kataloniens, Barcelona, verbreitet und existieren zum Teil bis heute. Angesichts eines in vielen Bereichen abwesenden Staates übernahmen diese privaten Vereine oder Gesellschaften die Vermittlung von Kultur, Bildung und Wissen. Daher liegt ein Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit in der Darstellung der Aktivitäten der ateneus in den Bereichen Wissensvermittlung und Lese- und Literaturförderung. Die ateneus waren aber auch gesellschaftliche Treffpunkte, Zentren der politischen Meinungsbildung und übernahmen Aufgaben der Daseinsvorsorge. Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt im Zeitraum, der von der Entstehungszeit der ateneus im 19. Jahrhundert bis zur weitgehenden Zerstörung der ateneu-Bewegung mit dem Einmarsch der franquistischen Truppen in Barcelona im Januar 1939 reicht. Es wird aber auch auf die weitere Entwicklung der ateneus in Barcelona bis in die heutige Zeit eingegangen.The subject of this thesis is the origin and development of the ateneus in Barcelona. Special attention is given to the role and the influence of the libraries in the ateneus. The following ateneus are treated with particular interest: the Ateneu Barcelonès, the Ateneu Enciclopèdic Popular and the Institut de Cultura i Biblioteca Popular de la Dona. This thesis examines the historical, social, political and cultural importance of these ateneus and others in Barcelona. The history of the ateneu-libraries in Barcelona is shown in the context of the entire Catalan library system. An ateneu (in English “athenaeum”) is a private cultural institution. Since the middle of the 19th century, ateneus were wide-spread all over Catalonia, but were found primarily in and around Barcelona, the capital. Some ateneus still exist today. Due to the lack of certain public services, these private institutions undertook the dissemination of culture, education and knowledge. The focus of this thesis is to describe the activities of the ateneus in the dissemination of knowledge as well as in support of literature and literacy. The ateneus functioned both as social meeting points and as centers for political discussions. They even organized funds from which they could offer informal pensions to members in need. Most of the ateneus were destroyed under the occupation of Barcelona by the Nationalists in January 1939. This thesis covers mainly the period from the foundation of the ateneus in the 19th century till the dictatorship period led by General Francisco Franco, but also examines their development up to the present time

The AKMB - Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Kunst- und Museumsbibliotheken

The article provides a short survey of the history, the aims, the organisation and the services of the AKMB - Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Kunst- und Museumsbibliotheken and the specialist groups within the AKMB

Selective Silica Removal in Geothermal Fluids : Implications for Applications for Geothermal Power Plant Operation and Mineral Extraction

Raw material extraction from geothermal fluids often comprises concentrating and cooling steps, which increases the risk of silica scaling formation. However, existing silica removal strategies do not consider the impact on raw material extraction. In this study, the applicability and element-selectivity of three silica removal techniques (seed-induced, lime and caustic precipitation) were tested in batch experiments using synthetic and natural geothermal fluid samples. Increasing the pH-value to 10.5 and the Ca/Si ratio > 1.25 was found to mitigate silica scaling effectively via formation of calcium-silicate-hydrate phases (C-S-H phases). The developed silica removal process does not affect the raw materials and is therefore suitable for brine mining purposes

Demonstration of Hong-Ou-Mandel interference in an LNOI directional coupler

Interference between single photons is key for many quantum optics experiments and applications in quantum technologies, such as quantum communication or computation. It is advantageous to operate the systems at telecommunication wavelengths and to integrate the setups for these applications in order to improve stability, compactness and scalability. A new promising material platform for integrated quantum optics is lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI). Here, we realise Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference between telecom photons from an engineered parametric down-conversion source in an LNOI directional coupler. The coupler has been designed and fabricated in house and provides close to perfect balanced beam splitting. We obtain a raw HOM visibility of (93.5+/-0.7)%, limited mainly by the source performance and in good agreement with off-chip measurements. This lays the foundation for more sophisticated quantum experiments in LNOIComment: 7 pages, 6 figure

Placental findings are not associated with neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy - an 11-year single-center experience

OBJECTIVES: Although neonates with moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) receive therapeutic hypothermia (TH), 40-50% die or have significant neurological disability. The aim of this study is to analyse the association of placental pathology and neurodevelopmental outcome in cooled neonates with HIE at 18-24 months of age. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on 120 neonates registered in the Swiss National Asphyxia and Cooling Register born between 2007 and 2017. This descriptive study examines the frequency and range of pathologic findings in placentas of neonates with HIE. Placenta pathology was available of 69/120 neonates, whose results are summarized as placental findings. As neonates with HIE staged Sarnat score 1 (21/69) did not routinely undergo follow-up assessments and of six neonates staged Sarnat Score 2/3 no follow-up assessments were available, 42/48 (88%) neonates remain to assess the association between placental findings and outcome. RESULTS: Of the 42/48 (88%) neonates with available follow up 29% (12/42) neonates died. Major placenta abnormalities occurred in 48% (20/42). Major placenta abnormality was neither associated with outcome at 18-24 months of age (OR 1.75 [95% CI 0.50-6.36, p=0.381]), nor with death by 2 years of age (OR 1.96 [95% CI 0.53-7.78, p=0.320]). CONCLUSIONS: In this study cohort there could not be shown an association between the placenta findings and the neurodevelopmental outcome at 18-24 months of age

Restriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS) spot identification by second generation virtual RLGS in multiple genomes with multiple enzyme combinations.

BackgroundRestriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS) is one of the most successfully applied methods for the identification of aberrant CpG island hypermethylation in cancer, as well as the identification of tissue specific methylation of CpG islands. However, a limitation to the utility of this method has been the ability to assign specific genomic sequences to RLGS spots, a process commonly referred to as "RLGS spot cloning."ResultsWe report the development of a virtual RLGS method (vRLGS) that allows for RLGS spot identification in any sequenced genome and with any enzyme combination. We report significant improvements in predicting DNA fragment migration patterns by incorporating sequence information into the migration models, and demonstrate a median Euclidian distance between actual and predicted spot migration of 0.18 centimeters for the most complex human RLGS pattern. We report the confirmed identification of 795 human and 530 mouse RLGS spots for the most commonly used enzyme combinations. We also developed a method to filter the virtual spots to reduce the number of extra spots seen on a virtual profile for both the mouse and human genomes. We demonstrate use of this filter to simplify spot cloning and to assist in the identification of spots exhibiting tissue-specific methylation.ConclusionThe new vRLGS system reported here is highly robust for the identification of novel RLGS spots. The migration models developed are not specific to the genome being studied or the enzyme combination being used, making this tool broadly applicable. The identification of hundreds of mouse and human RLGS spot loci confirms the strong bias of RLGS studies to focus on CpG islands and provides a valuable resource to rapidly study their methylation