3 research outputs found

    Carbon and nitrogen pools and mineralization rates in boreal forest soil after stump harvesting

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    The use of forest-derived biomass has steadily increased in Finland and Sweden during the past decades leading to more intensive forest management practices in the region, such as whole-tree harvesting, both above- and belowground. Stump harvesting results in a direct removal of stump and coarse-root carbon (C) from the stand and can cause extensive soil disturbance, which has been suggested to increase C mineralization. In this study, the effects of stump harvesting on soil C and nitrogen (N) mineralization, and soil surface disturbance were studied in two different clear-felled Norway spruce (Picea abies) sites in Central Finland. The treatments were whole-tree harvesting (WTH, removal of stems and logging residues), and WTH and stump harvesting (WTH + S). Both sites, Honkola (2 stands) and Haukilahti (6 stands) were mounded. In both treatments, soil samples were taken from different soil layers down to a total depth of 20 cm in the mineral soil from (i) mounds, (ii) undisturbed soil and (iii) pits. The sampling was performed 11-12 years after treatments. Soil C and N mineralization rates were determined in laboratory incubation experiments. In addition, total C and N pools (g m(2)) were estimated for each disturbance class and soil layer. Soil C and N pools had a tendency to be lower following stump harvesting, but no statistically significant treatment effect was detected. Stump harvesting increased soil mixing as indicated by a significant decrease in C concentration in the mound disturbance class. There was no significant effect of stump harvesting on soil C mineralization rates. A combination of mineralization rates and soil pool data showed that field C mineralization (g CO2-C m(-2) yr(-1)) did not significantly differ between stands where stumps were removed or were retained. Further, stump harvesting did not seem to have any stimulating effect on soil CO2 efflux 11-12 years after treatment. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

    Kantojen korjuun vaikutus maanpinnan häiriintymiseen sekä maaperän hiili- ja typpivarastoihin

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    Suomen energiapolitiikan päämääränä on uusiutuvan energian käytön lisääminen Euroopan unionin asettamien tavoitteiden mukaisesti. Kantojen käyttö energiaksi on kasvanut jatkuvasti 2000-luvulla, mutta tutkimustietoa varsinkin maaperävaikutuksista on vielä vähän. Ravinnetalouden kannalta kantojen korjuu on suotavampi vaihtoehto kuin latvuksien korjuu, sillä neulasissa on paljon ravinteita. Toisaalta kantojen biomassa hajoaisi hitaasti 100 vuoden aikana, jos kannot jätettäisiin lahoamaan maahan, ja hajoavat kannot toimivat ravinteiden kerääjinä vähentäen huuhtoutumista avohakkuiden jälkeen. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää kantojen korjuun vaikutuksia maanpinnan häiriintymiseen sekä maaperän happamuuteen ja hiili- ja typpivarastoihin pitkällä aikavälillä. Tutkimusalueena käytettiin kolmea Keski-Suomessa sijaitsevaa kantojen korjuualuetta, joilla kantojen korjuusta oli vuonna 2013 kulunut 9-13 vuotta. Maanpinnan häiriintymistä arvioitiin sekä silmävaraisesti että maanäytteisiin perustuvalla pistefrekvenssimenetelmällä. Koealoilta kerättiin maaperänäytteet humuskerroksesta ja ylimmästä 25 cm kivennäismaakerroksesta systemaattisella linja-arvioinnilla. Kivennäismaanäytteet jaettiin 5 cm luokkiin, jotka kuivattiin ja seulottiin. Näytteistä analysoitiin hiili- ja typpipitoisuudet, sekä pH. Tilastolliset analyysit tehtiin varianssianalyysillä Maaperän pH vaihteli 4,2 ja 5 välillä. Hiilen ja typen varastoissa ei ollut tilastollisesti merkitseviä eroja. Honkolan ja Haukilahden kantojen korjuualoilla oli häiriintymätöntä maanpintaa keskimäärin 59-65%, ja osuudet olivat merkitsevästi suuremmat (70-77%), kun kantoja ei ollut korjattu. Mättäitä oli vastaavasti kantojen korjuualoilla 18-23% ja vertailualoilla 13-17%. Kuoppia oli kantojen korjuualoilla keskimäärin 15-17% ja vertailualoilla 6-14%. Maanpinnan häiriintymisen mittausmenetelmistä yhden metrin välein suoritettava pistefrekvenssiarviointi vaikuttaa käytännön kannalta parhaalta.Because of European unions goals, direction of Finnish energy politics has been the increase of renewable energy. Stump harvesting has been in focus, because it is thought to be carbon neutral. Using stumps for energy has increased through the 2000s. It is better to harvest stumps than tree crowns, for they contain a lot of nutrients in the needles. On the other hand leaving stumps on the site will let them slowly decompose, and as they also collect nutrients they can decrease leaching. This study aimed to determine the long term effects of stump harvesting on soil disturbance and carbon and nitrogen storage. Study areas are in central Finland, where in 2013 there had been 9-13 years since stump harvesting. Soil surface disturbance was estimated both visually and with the point frequency method based on soil samples. For determination of soil carbon and nitrogen content there was a systematic line-assessment, where the soil samples were taken and divided to full 5cm layers that were dried and sieved. Carbon and nitrogen content and soil pH was analysed. Statistical analysis was made with variance analysis. Soil pH was between 4,2 and 5. At Honkola and Haukilahti in the stump harvesting areas the share of undisturbed soil surface was between 59-65% and where there was no stump harvesting this share was significantly larger, between 70-77%. The share of mounds was 18-23% in stump harvesting areas and where there was no stump harvesting 13-17%. Pits accounted for 15-17% in stump harvesting areas and where there was no stump harvesting 6-14%. The point frequency determination at one meter intervals was the best practical method for estimating soil surface disturbance
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