From legacy effects of acid deposition in boreal streams to future environmental threats

Few environmental issues have resulted in such a heated policy-science controversy in Sweden as the 1990s acidification debate in the north of the country. The belief that exceptionally high stream acidity levels during hydrological events was caused by anthropogenic deposition resulted in a governmentally funded, multi-million dollar surface-water liming program. This program was heavily criticized by a large part of the scientific community arguing that the acidity of northern streams was primarily caused by naturally occurring organic acids. Here, we revisit the acid deposition legacy in northern Sweden two decades after the culmination of the controversy by examining the long-term water chemistry trends in the Svartberget/Krycklan research catchment that became a nexus for the Swedish debate. In this reference stream, trends in acidic episodes do show a modest recovery that matches declines in acid deposition to pre-industrial levels, although stream acidity continues to be overwhelmingly driven by organic acidity. Yet there are legacies of acid deposition related to calcium losses from soils, which are more pronounced than anticipated. Finally, assessment of these trends are becoming increasingly complicated by new changes and threats to water resources that must be recognized to avoid unnecessary, expensive, and potentially counterproductive measures to adapt and mitigate human influences. Here we make the argument that while the acidification era is ending, climate change, land-use transitions, and long-range transport of other contaminants warrant close monitoring in the decades to come

Co-occurrence of browning and oligotrophication in a boreal stream network

The relative supply of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) to freshwater ecosystems is of fundamental importance to aquatic productivity, nutrient cycling, and food web dynamics. In northern landscapes, ongoing climate change, as well as legacies from atmospheric deposition, have the potential to drive changes in how these elements are recycled on land and exported to streams. While it is well established that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations have increased in many high latitude streams, the simultaneous trends for N and P and the ratios among these resources, are not well documented. We used data from 13 sites in a boreal stream network to analyze decadal-scale changes in dissolved inorganic N (DIN), dissolved organic N (DON), and dissolved inorganic P (DIP) concentrations and partition these trends seasonally. We observed widespread declines for DIP and DIN in streams, regardless of catchment characteristics. DIN decline was strongest during the growing season, and together with increases in DOC/DON at several sites, suggests increasing N retention by plants and soil microbes across this landscape. By contrast, declines for DIP occurred primarily during late autumn and winter, indicating that key biogeochemical changes are also occurring during non-growing season. Linking these trends to increases in DOC concentration in streams revealed changes in the ratio of energy to nutrient supply for the majority of sites, becoming richer in carbon and poorer in limiting nutrients over time. Overall, our observations from this stream network point to ongoing oligotrophication, with possible consequences for aquatic ecosystems in boreal landscapes

Integrating Discharge-Concentration Dynamics Across Carbon Forms in a Boreal Landscape

The flux of terrestrial carbon across land-water boundaries influences the overall carbon balance of landscapes and the ecology and biogeochemistry of aquatic ecosystems. The local consequences and broader fate of carbon delivered to streams is determined by the overall composition of carbon inputs, including the balance of organic and inorganic forms. Yet, our understanding of how hydrologic fluxes across different land-water interfaces regulate carbon supply remains poor. We used 7 years of data from three boreal catchments to test how different land-water interfaces (i.e., forest, wetland, and lake) modulate concentration-discharge (C-Q) relationships for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane, as well as the balance among forms (e.g., DOC:CO2). Seasonal patterns in concentrations and C-Q relationships for individual carbon forms differed across catchments. DOC varied between chemostasis and transport limitation in the forest catchment, between supply limitation and chemostasis in the wetland catchment, and was persistently chemostatic in the lake outlet stream. Carbon gases were supply limited overall, but exhibited chemostasis or transport limitation in the forest and wetland catchments linked to elevated flow in summer and autumn. Unique C-Q relationships for individual forms reflected the properties of different interfaces and underpinned changes in the composition of lateral carbon supply. Accordingly, DOC dominated the carbon flux during snowmelt, whereas gas evasion increased in relative importance during other times of the year. Integrating the C-Q dynamics of individual carbon forms provides insight into the shifting composition of lateral export, and thus helps to predict how hydrologic changes may alter the fate of carbon supplied to streams

Seasonal trends and retention of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in a remote sub-Arctic catchment

Atmospheric deposition is the most dominant source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in remote and pristine areas. Despite low bioaccumulation potential, PAHs and their persistent transformation products (PAHderivatives) are chemicals of concern as they can harm human and animal health through chronic low dose exposure. In this study, atmospheric deposition fluxes of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) were measured on a seasonal basis (3-month periods) from 2012 to 2016 in a remote subarctic forest catchment in northern Europe. The target PACs included 19 PAHs and 15 PAH-derivatives (oxygenated, nitrogenated, and methylated PAHs). The deposition fluxes of Sigma PAHs and Sigma PAH-derivatives were in the same range and averaged 530 and 500 ng m(2) day(-1), respectively. The fluxes were found to be higher with a factor of 2.5 for Sigma PAHs and a factor of 3 for.PAH-derivatives during cold (10 degrees C) periods. PAHs and PAH-derivatives showed similar seasonal patterns, which suggests that these two compound classes have similar sources and deposition mechanisms, and that the source strength of the Sigma PAH-derivatives in air follows that of the PAHs. The terrestrial export of PACs via the outlet of the catchment stream was estimated to be 1.1% for.PAHs and 1.7% for Sigma PAH-derivatives in relation to the annual amounts deposited to the catchment, which suggests that boreal forests are sinks for PACs derived from the atmosphere. Some individual PACs showed higher export than others (i.e. chrysene, cyclopenta(c,d)pyrene, carbazole, quinoline, and benzo(f)quinoline), with high export PACs mostly characterized by low molecular weight and low hydrophobicity (2-3 benzene rings; log K-ow<6.0)

Measures of Success: A Snapshot of the Montana Wolf Program in 2009

Montana’s gray wolf (Canis lupus) population continues to be secure, while the political and legal environments remain dynamic. Wolf delisting is a two-step process. Biological recovery criteria must be met and clearly demonstrated, along with an adequate regulatory framework. Secondly, the delisting decision must be upheld during inevitable legal challenges. The northern Rockies wolf population has met or exceeded numeric and connectivity requirements for many years. The northern Rockies gray wolf population was initially delisted in 2008, but a legal challenge reinstated federal legal protections under the Endangered Species Act mid-summer. By the end of 2008, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks estimated a minimum of 497 wolves in 84 verified packs, 34 of which met the definition of breeding pair. Federal delisting efforts resumed early in 2009 and took effect throughout Montana on 4 May. The second delisting decision was challenged again in Federal Court, although a preliminary injunction request to reinstate federal protections was denied in September. With delisting in Montana, the wolf was automatically reclassified as a species in need of management. Montana’s laws, administrative rules, and management plan also took effect. Montana Tribes lead wolf management activities on their respective reservations. The first fair chase wolf hunting season in Montana occurred in 2009. Seventy-two wolves were harvested through a quota-based framework. Wolves and their management continue to be controversial to a diversity of publics for a wide variety of reasons. Nonetheless, Montana’s wolf program has a solid regulatory foundation and the population is biologically sound. This presentation will provide an update on a variety of topics

Scale-dependent groundwater contributions influence patterns of winter baseflow stream chemistry in boreal catchments

Funded by •KCS •Swedish Science Foundation (VR) SITES •European Research Council. Grant Number: GA 335910 VEWAPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Business intelligence and contribution of entrepreneurial information architecture

We are witnessing the need for a quick and intelligent reaction from organizations to the level and speed of change in business processes. The arising problems can be: from wrong lasting information; systems not fully used or explored; slow reaction to change; etc. This requires two main confluent action methods: people to synchronize their visions, ideas and strategies in the whole organization; and, in that context, select the information that strictly answers to the performance factors at the right moment. The proposed methodology turns to the potential of approach to the entrepreneurial architecture as well as to the potential of the information system in order to integrate the data and resources needed for that performance. The modeling of an information architecture of the company and its business helps in the identification of critical information, the one which is according to the mission, prospects and business success factors

Differential Trends in Iron Concentrations of Boreal Streams Linked to Catchment Characteristics

Increasing iron (Fe) concentrations have been reported for freshwaters across northern Europe over the last decades. This increase, together with elevated concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), leads to browning of freshwaters, which affects aquatic organisms, ecosystem functioning, biogeochemical cycles, and brings challenges to drinking water production. However, how such increasing trends in stream Fe concentrations reflect the contribution of different catchment sources remains poorly resolved. Here, we explored how catchment characteristics, that is, mires and coniferous soils, regulate spatial and temporal patterns of Fe in a boreal stream network. For this, we determined Fe speciation in riparian and mire soils, and studied temporal Fe dynamics in soil-water and stream-water over a span of 18 years. Positive Fe trends were found in the solution of the riparian soil, while no long-term trend was observed in the mire. These differences were reflected in stream-water, where three headwater streams dominated by coniferous cover also displayed positive Fe trends, whereas the mire dominated stream showed no trend. Surprisingly, the majority of higher order streams showed declining Fe trends, despite long-term increases in DOC. In addition, we found that an extreme drought event led to a prolonged release of Fe and DOC from the riparian soils, that could have long-term effects on stream Fe concentrations. Our results show that riparian forest soils can be major contributors to ongoing increases in freshwater Fe concentrations and that drought can further promote the release of Fe from organic soils

923-6 Intravenous Adenosine and Lidocaine to Limit Reperfusion Injury During Acute Myocardial Infarction: Preliminary Data

Adenosine (ADO) and lidocaine (LDO) given prior to restoration of blood flow reduces reperfusion injury in animals. We conducted a pilot study of intravenous ADO and LDO in pts undergoing direct angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Pts with ≤12 hours of chest pain and electrocardiographic evidence of AMI were given LDO 1mg/kg iv bolus and 2mg/min iv infusion beginning at the time of recruitment, and ADO 70mcg/kg iv infusion beginning when coronary occlusion (TIMI grade 0–1 blood flow) was confirmed angiographically. Pts with bronchospasm, blood pressure &lt;100mmHg, or&lt;1° heart block were excluded. ADO and LDO were given for 1 hour after vessel patency was restored. Myocardial area at risk and final infarction area were measured with serial Tc-99m-sestamibi perfusion studies (prior to angioplasty, before hospital discharge and 6 weeks after discharge). A salvage index (S1) was constructed by correcting the change in sestamibi perfusion defect for the mass of myocardium at risk. Analysis of 25 patients completing the protocol revealed a mean (±SD) salvage of 20±17% and S1=0.55. Salvage and S1 were 25±18% and 0.54 for anterior infarctions, 13±5% and 0.57 for inferior infarctions, respectively. These data were compared to an historical control group consisting of 50 patients undergoing direct angioplasty for AMI without adjunctive ADO/LDO. After adjustment for time to treatment and perfusion nadir, analysis of covariance revealed a similar degree of early salvage in the study and control groups (p=0.3). However, at 6 weeks, the median infarct size for study pts was 0. Using logistic regression analysis, significantly more study pts had no final measureable infarction at 6 weeks than control pts at hospital discharge (p=0.007). After adjusting for infarct size, location and time to treatment, this difference persisted (p=0.04).ConclusionsAdjunctive ADO and LDO during angioplasty for AMI may favorably affect late final infarction size. Randomized studies assessing 6 week final infarction size are needed

The integrated academic information system support for education 3.0 in higher education institution: lecturer perspective

Education 3.0 has been implemented in many higher education institutions (HEIs). Education 3.0 has been directed the institution toward better educational experience. But on the other hands, the implementation of Education 3.0 also caused some problems. Previous research has found administrative problem experienced by the lecturer. This research explores deeper from the lecturer and suggested the solution from lecturer perspective, combined with information technology capabilities owned by the HEIs. The research used a case study as the method and conducted a qualitative research with a semi-structured interview. The interview analysis has found that the increase of the administrative processes is caused by online and offline administrative activities. The online activities are from e-learning and the offline activities are from traditional learning (face-to-face). The administrative processes also involved the academic information system (AIS). Simplified all of the administrative processes are more preferred. To overcome the problems, integrating the AIS and e-learning become necessary. This research suggests transforming the existing AIS into an integrated AIS and hopes the solution can simplify the administration process