749 research outputs found
Исследование закономерностей развития структурно-химической неоднородности в разнородном сварном соединении трубопроводного переходника
Данная работа посвящена исследованию структурно-химической неоднородности (СХН) трубопроводного переходника из разнородных сталей, выполненного аргонодуговой сваркой (АрДС). При помощи оптического микроскопа получены фотографии СХН и ее размеры. СХН выражается в появлении прослоек (карбидной и ферритной) с разным химическим составом. Приведены графики роста ширин прослоек от времени выдержки и температуры.This paper is devoted to the comparison of the structural and chemical inhomogeneity (SCI) of adapters made of dissimilar steels, made by tungsten insert gas (TIG). By means of optical microscope, photographs of the SCI and its dimensions were obtained. SCI is expressed in the appearance of interlayers (carbide and ferritic) with different chemical composition. Graphs of the growth of the widths of the interlayers from the time of exposure and temperature are given
Spontaneous Hall effect in chiral p-wave superconductor
In a chiral superconductor with broken time-reversal symmetry a ``spontaneous
Hall effect'' may be observed. We analyze this phenomenon by taking into
account the surface properties of a chiral superconductor. We identify two main
contributions to the spontaneous Hall effect. One contribution originates from
the Bernoulli (or Lorentz) force from spontaneous currents running along the
surfaces of the superconductor. The other contribution has a topological origin
and is related to the intrinsic angular momentum of Cooper pairs. The latter
can be described in terms of a Chern-Simons-like term in the low-energy field
theory of the superconductor and has some similarities with the quantum Hall
effect. The spontaneous Hall effect in a chiral superconductor is, however,
non-universal. Our analysis is based on three approaches to the problem: a
self-consistent solution of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation, a generalized
Ginzburg-Landau theory, and a hydrodynamic formulation. All three methods
consistently lead to the same conclusion that the spontaneous Hall resistance
of a two-dimensional superconducting Hall bar is of order h/(e k_F\lambda)^2,
where k_F is the Fermi wave vector and \lambda is the London penetration depth;
the Hall resistance is substantially suppressed from a quantum unit of
resistance. Experimental issues in measuring this effect are briefly discussed.Comment: 22 pages including 12 figure
Skill and added value of the MiKlip regional decadal prediction system for temperature over Europe
In recent years, several decadal prediction systems have been developed to provide multi-year predictions of the climate for the next 5–10 years. On the global scale, high decadal predictability has been identified for the North Atlantic sector, often extending over Europe. The first full regional hindcast ensemble, derived from dynamical downscaling, was produced within the German MiKlip project (‘decadal predictions’). The ensemble features annual starting dates from 1960 to 2017, with 10 decadal hindcasts per starting year. The global component of the prediction system uses the MPI-ESM-LR and the downscaling is performed with the regional climate model COSMO-CLM (CCLM). The present study focusses on a range of aspects dealing with the skill and added value of regional decadal temperature predictions over Europe. The results substantiate the added value of the regional hindcasts compared to the forcing global model as well as to un-initialized simulations. The results show that the hindcasts are skilful both for annual and seasonal means, and that the scores are comparable for different observational reference data sets. The predictive skill increases from earlier to more recent start-years. A recalibration of the simulation data generally improves the skill further, which can also be transferred to more user-relevant variables and extreme values like daily maximum temperatures and heating degree-days. These results provide evidence of the potential for the regional climate predictions to provide valuable climate information on the
Abstract
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In recent years, several decadal prediction systems have been developed to provide multi-year predictions of the climate for the next 5–10 years. On the global scale, high decadal predictability has been identified for the North Atlantic sector, often extending over Europe. The first full regional hindcast ensemble, derived from dynamical downscaling, was produced within the German MiKlip project (‘decadal predictions’). The ensemble features annual starting dates from 1960 to 2017, with 10 decadal hindcasts per starting year. The global component of the prediction system uses the MPI-ESM-LR and the downscaling is performed with the regional climate model COSMO-CLM (CCLM). The present study focusses on a range of aspects dealing with the skill and added value of regional decadal temperature predictions over Europe. The results substantiate the added value of the regional hindcasts compared to the forcing global model as well as to un-initialized simulations. The results show that the hindcasts are skilful both for annual and seasonal means, and that the scores are comparable for different observational reference data sets. The predictive skill increases from earlier to more recent start-years. A recalibration of the simulation data generally improves the skill further, which can also be transferred to more user-relevant variables and extreme values like daily maximum temperatures and heating degree-days. These results provide evidence of the potential for the regional climate predictions to provide valuable climate information on the decadal time-scale to users
Tunneling properties at the interface between superconducting Sr2RuO4 and a Ru micro-inclusion
We have investigated the magnetic field and temperature dependence of the
tunneling spectra of the eutectic system Sr2RuO4-Ru. Electric contacts to
individual Ru lamellae embedded in Sr2RuO4 enable the tunneling spectra at the
interface between ruthenate and a Ru microinclusion to be measured. A zero bias
conductance peak (ZBCP) was observed in the bias voltage dependence of the
differential conductance, suggesting that Andreev bound states are present at
the interface. The ZBCP starts to appear at a temperature well below the
superconducting transition temperature. The onset magnetic field of the ZBCP is
also considerably smaller than the upper critical field when the magnetic field
is parallel to the ab-plane. We propose that the difference between the onset
of the ZBCP and the onset of superconductivity can be understood in terms of
the existence of the single-component state predicted by Sigrist and Monien.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. vol. 74 no.
A polarized neutron-scattering study of the Cooper-pair moment in Sr2RuO4
We report a study of the magnetization density in the mixed state of the
unconventional superconductor S2RuO4. On entering the superconducting state we
find no change in the magnitude or distribution of the induced moment for a
magnetic field of 1 Tesla applied within the RuO2 planes. Our results are
consistent with a spin-triplet Cooper pairing with spins lying in the basal
plane. This is in contrast with similar experiments performed on conventional
and high-Tc superconductors.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letter
Cell surface antigens in renal tumour cells: detection by immunoluminescence and enzymatic analysis
Two renal cell carcinoma cell lines (49RC 43STR and 75RC 2STR) were characterized by detection of the cell surface proteins: CD44(var), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor and aminopeptidase N (APN). To detect their localization the immunoluminescent technique was used. In addition, the enzyme activity of uPA and APN was investigated in cell suspensions as well as in monolayers. The latter procedure was more advantageous since the additional use of HPLC permits a single registration of the fluorescent hydrolysis-product AMC (7-amino-4-methylcoumarin) without interference by cellular autofluorescence or non-reacted fluorescent substrate. Unlike 75RC 2STR, the cell line 49RC 43STR expressed high levels of uPA and APN. Contrary to that the cell line 75RC 2STR expressed high levels of ICAM-1 and CD44(v6), whereas 49RC 43STR showed a low level of ICAM-1 and no distinct light signal with anti-CD44(v6). The uPA activity was measured directly as well as indirectly (via plasmin) with the substrate Z-Gly-Gly-Arg-AMC. Both activator and plasmin activity were inhibited by D-Val-Phe-Lys-CMK and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. The anti-catalytic antibody to uPA and that to uPA receptor were found to be inhibiting the uPA activity in a concentration-dependent manner. APN activity was assayed using alanine-p-nitroanilide. Peptidase activity was effectively inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline and partly inhibited by ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaignhttp://www.bjcancer.co
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