The “I” in ICATs: A closer examination of interagency case assessment teams in British Columbia

Integrated case assessment teams (ICATs) are a consortium of local agencies that respond to highest risk domestic violence cases using a collaborative approach. The underlying principle of ICATs is the belief that with coordinated intervention, injury or death resulting from domestic violence is predictable and preventable. This exploratory study examines the knowledge and experience of ICATs in British Columbia to better understand the role, functioning, and impact of ICATs in combating domestic violence. The results provide insight as to (i) the who and how of ICATs; (ii) the benefits and challenges to interagency collaboration; and (iii) potential qualitative indicators of success to measure the effectiveness of ICATs. The turnover and burnout of ICAT membership are briefly examined, followed by a discussion comprised of the recommendations from ICAT members on how the overall functioning of ICATs could be improved. Recommendations included training and peer mentoring; increased hours; coordinator positions; and the centralization of data and community education and outreach. Implications of the findings and future directions are also discussed

“Insurance Doesn’t Care About the Patient”: An Institutional Ethnography of the Influence of Professional Autonomy on the Provision Care for Medicaid Dental Patients with Disabilities

In terms of unmet needs for people with disabilities (PWD), dental care is number three behind residential care and employment (Fisher, 2012). Regardless of disability, oral healthcare traverses all disability diagnoses and can be a significant factor in quality of life (Deckler, 2011; Griffin et al., 2007; Norwood & Slayton, 2013). When attempting to secure oral healthcare, people with disabilities face many challenges, including lack of access, lack of provider education on proper care of PWD, and difficulty finding a willing dental provider (Deckler, 2011; Fisher, 2012; Kennedy, 2009). The purpose of this study was to investigate professional practices and decisions that affect provision of care for patients with disabilities. Research has clearly identified many barriers that preclude dental professionals from providing adequate care, such as lack of physical accommodations or reluctance to participate in state Medicaid programs (Deckler, 2011; Fisher, 2012; Kennedy, 2009). This study sought to understand the interoffice decision-making processes regarding participation in Medicaid, how to treat or accommodate patients with disabilities, and the extent to which market factors influenced these decisions. Using the paradigm of institutional ethnography, this research provides insight into factors that providers considered when making decisions about patient care, and how local office decisions are connected to larger institutions and policies. A qualitative design was conducted and included open-ended interviews, observations, and textual analysis at two dental offices in the Richmond, Virginia, area

An Optical and Infrared Time-Domain Study of the Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient Candidate IC 10 X-2

We present an optical and infrared (IR) study of IC 10 X-2, a high-mass X-ray binary in the galaxy IC 10. Previous optical and X-ray studies suggest X-2 is a Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient: a large-amplitude (factor of $\sim$ 100), short-duration (hours to weeks) X-ray outburst on 2010 May 21. We analyze R- and g-band light curves of X-2 from the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory taken between 2013 July 15 and 2017 Feb 14 show high-amplitude ($\gtrsim$ 1 mag), short-duration ($\lesssim8$ d) flares and dips ($\gtrsim$ 0.5 mag). Near-IR spectroscopy of X-2 from Palomar/TripleSpec show He I, Paschen-$\gamma$, and Paschen-$\beta$ emission lines with similar shapes and amplitudes as those of luminous blue variables (LBVs) and LBV candidates (LBVc). Mid-IR colors and magnitudes from Spitzer/IRAC photometry of X-2 resemble those of known LBV/LBVcs. We suggest that the stellar companion in X-2 is an LBV/LBVc and discuss possible origins of the optical flares. Dips in the optical light curve are indicative of eclipses from optically thick clumps formed in the winds of the stellar counterpart. Given the constraints on the flare duration ($0.02 - 0.8$ d) and the time between flares ($15.1\pm7.8$ d), we estimate the clump volume filling factor in the stellar winds, $f_V$, to be $0.01 < f_V < 0.71$, which overlaps with values measured from massive star winds. In X-2, we interpret the origin of the optical flares as the accretion of clumps formed in the winds of an LBV/LBVc onto the compact object.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to ApJ on Sep 26 201

Influence of Overlooked Chlorinating Agents on the Kinetics of Organic Compound Halogenation

Free available chlorine (FAC) is the most commonly used chemical disinfectant for drinking water treatment. While FAC protects humans from waterborne pathogens, it can react with a wide variety of organic compounds to produce disinfection byproducts (DBPs) that are known or anticipated to be toxic. Determining the kinetics of organic compound chlorination could improve our understanding of the health risks associated with DBPs. Most researchers assume HOCl to be the predominant active chlorinating agent in FAC, but a few studies have shown that Cl2 and Cl2O, which are minor constituents of FAC under typical drinking water treatment conditions, can play important roles in the chlorination of moderately-reactive organic compounds. Are those compounds anomalies? Or is the influence of Cl2 and Cl2O on chlorination kinetics more prevalent than is presently recognized? We aim to address these questions by examining the kinetics of phenol and alkene chlorination. To investigate the importance of Cl2, Cl2O, and HOCl for six (chloro)phenols and three ionones, we conducted kinetic experiments in which solution pH, chloride concentration, and chlorine dose were systematically varied. For all the (chloro)phenols and ionones examined, addition of chloride at millimolar levels enhanced chlorination rates at pH < 7. As [Cl2] is proportional to [Cl–] and [H+], our results are consistent with Cl2 serving as a chlorinating agent. For some of the less reactive (chloro)phenols and ionones, Cl2O is also important at high chlorine doses. The second-order rate constants we computed for different chlorinating agents indicate that Cl2 and Cl2O are intrinsically more reactive than is HOCl. Furthermore, in accordance with the reactivity-selectivity principle, selectivity for Cl2 and Cl2O increases as the reactivity of an organic compound decreases. Therefore, despite the low concentrations of Cl2 and Cl2O in drinking water treatment settings, the potential roles of these chlorine species in organic compound chlorination should not be underestimated. Another focus of our work is the development of a novel method for quenching and quantifying free chlorine and free bromine. Many traditional quenchers for free halogens (e.g., sodium sulfite, sodium thiosulfate, and ascorbic acid) are reducing agents that can interact with redox-labile analytes. We propose to use 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene (TMB) for quenching free halogens instead. TMB rapidly reacts with excess free chlorine and free bromine to form monohalogenated products. We found that TMB did not interact with redox-labile DBPs that otherwise degraded in the presence of traditional quenchers. Moreover, TMB was as effective as sodium thiosulfate when used as a quencher in kinetic experiments involving the chlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol and bromination of anisole. By quantifying TMB and its halogenated products in the quenched samples, we were also able to determine the concentrations of free halogens that were present at the time of quenching. Findings from our work show that TMB can serve as an effective quencher in aqueous halogenation experiments that involve redox-labile analytes and/or that require selective quantification of residual free halogens

Caso de estudio: el rol de la inclusión financiera en la desigualdad económica para países con y sin metas explícitas de inflación 2002 – 2019

El presente caso de estudio tiene como finalidad analizar el desarrollo de la inclusión financiera y su implicancia en la distribución de ingresos, mediante la revisión histórica de indicadores relacionados al uso, acceso y disponibilidad del sistema financiero, haciendo énfasis en el mercado peruano. Además, se estudiarán los principales determinantes que mejoran la inclusión financiera, y el rol de las metas explícitas de inflación en este proceso. Para el análisis empírico, se construyó un indicador de inclusión financiera para una muestra de 78 economías (incluyendo el Perú), dividida en dos grupos diferenciados por la adopción o no del esquema de metas explícitas de inflación, y se desarrollaron estimaciones de corte transversal para comprobar la significancia de los principales determinantes de esta variable y evidenciar su relación con la desigualdad económica. Los resultados arrojaron que mejores niveles de inclusión financiera implican, con alto grado de significancia, una reducción en la desigualdad económica; es decir, que la inclusión financiera tiene una relación positiva y significativa con la mejora en la distribución de ingresos. Además, se evidencia el efecto beneficioso que tienen las metas explícitas de inflación en la reducción de la desigualdad, lo cual se atribuye a la sinergia que genera el esquema adoptado con los esfuerzos por una mayor inclusión financiera en el bienestar de la población.The purpose of this case study is to analyze the development of financial inclusion and its implication in income distribution through a historical review of indicators related to the use, access and availability of the financial system, with an emphasis on the Peruvian economy. In addition, the main determinants that improve financial inclusion and the role of explicit inflation targets in this process will be studied. For the empirical analysis, a financial inclusion indicator was constructed for a sample of 78 economies (including Peru), divided into two groups differentiated by the adoption or not of the explicit inflation targeting scheme, and cross-sectional estimates were developed in order to check the significance of the main determinants of this variable and to show its relationship with the reduction in economic inequality. The results showed that better levels of financial inclusion imply, with a high degree of significance, a reduction in economic inequality, that is, financial inclusion has a positive and significant relationship with the improvement in income distribution. In addition, the beneficial effect that the explicit inflation targets have in reducing inequality is evident, which is attributed to the synergy generated by the scheme with the efforts for greater financial inclusion in the well-being of the population

Comparison of pre- and post-operative shoulder muscle EMG profiles in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty patients

Background: Deltoid muscle function is central in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) function; however, there is limited information available regarding changes in deltoid activity before and after surgery. Few tests exist to evaluate specific muscle metrics pre and post operatively. Surface Electromyographic (EMG) is non-invasive and allows for observation of motions with multifaceted analysis of movement with minimal patient demand. Understanding the changes in shoulder muscle activation, namely in the deltoid, in patients pre and post-RTSA can further advance understanding of the procedure and rehabilitation efforts. Methods: Nine individuals were recruited for this study: all patients underwent RTSA by a single fellowship trained shoulder and elbow surgeon. Participants executed shoulder abduction, forward flexion, internal and external rotation at slow, medium and fast speeds as well as static maximum contraction of these motions against force at each EMG testing session. EMG activation of the anterior, middle and posterior aspects of the deltoid, upper and middle trapezius, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major and teres minor was recorded on the surgical shoulder preoperatively, and 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. Delsys EMG acquisition software linked to Bluetooth sensors captured shoulder motion. Statistical comparisons between pre-RTSA and post-RTSA shoulders, as well as consecutive post-RTSA shoulders were performed using one-way ANOVA (p\u3c0.05). Results: Analysis pending- will be fully available at the symposium. Preliminary data show an overall significant increase in concentric muscle activity (RMS) of the anterior and lateral deltoid during abduction when comparing: 6 week post-RTSA patients (6w-RTSA) to pre-RTSA and 6w-RTSA to 3 month post-RTSA (3m-RTSA). Furthermore, there was a significant increase in frequency (PSD) in anterior and lateral deltoid during abduction when comparing the same groups. There were no significant changes in RMS or PSD when comparing 3m to 6m-RTSA during abduction. During forward flexion in the sagittal plane, an overall significant increase in RMS and PSD of the anterior and lateral deltoid was observed in 3m-RTSA compared to pre-RTSA. Deltoid muscle activation time significantly decreased for abduction and forward flexion at medium and fast speeds when comparing 6w-RTSA to 3m-RTSA and 3m-RTSA to 6m-RTSA. There was an insignificant increase in posterior deltoid activation during external rotation when comparing 6w- to 3m-RTSA. Conclusion: Post-RTSA patients showed increased concentric muscle activity and muscle fiber frequency in the anterior and lateral deltoid muscle fibers when compared with pre-RTSA patients during abduction, forward flexion and external rotation. Some degree of increase in deltoid activation was seen when comparting specific post-RTSA groups. Overall, these findings suggest the deltoid muscle has an increased role in abduction, forward flexion and external rotation in RTSA patients

Sol gel synthesized nanosilica as photoanode material for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) system

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been extensively studied due to their promising potential for high efficiency, low production cost and eco-friendly production. The photoanode of DSSCs is traditionally composed of randomly packed TiO2 nanoparticles which have large specific surface area and suitable band gap (3.2 eV) for the effective injection of electrons from the dye molecules to the semiconductor. However, its high surface charge recombination rate accounts for its low efficiency. Alternatively, silica which is chemically inert, thermally stable, high surface area, and inexpensive can be used to substitute TiO2 as photoanode material. However, bulk silica has a wide band gap of 8.9 eV and its band gap need to be narrowed in order to use it as photoanode materials. Thus, in this study, the effect of nanosilica photoanode and its particle size on the performance of dye sensitized solar cell are investigated and characterized. The result is then compared with the fumed silica and conventional TiO2 DSSCs. Although the results shows that photon-electron conversion is inferior compared to TiO2 photoanode, it has a great potential as the fabrication cost is low and more environmental friendly.Keywords : Dye Sensitized Solar Cell, Photoanode material, Nanosilica, Sol gel synthesi

"Say ahhh" : experience and views on halitosis management in the general public in Victoria, Australia

Introduction: Halitosis is common and can have a significant impact on quality of life. It is attributed to both intraoral and extraoral causes. Although halitosis treatment depends on the aetiology, little is known about consumers’ perception of halitosis causes and the types of assistance sought. The Say Ahhh Study aimed to explore the interprofessional care for halitosis and improve understanding by the general public. Phase 1 explored the perceptions of health care providers. This article reports the findings of Phase 2, which explored the general public’s knowledge of halitosis, its management, and help-seeking behaviour. Methods: Patients and clients at 2 medical clinics, 3 dental clinics, and 2 pharmacies in Melbourne and rural Victoria were approached and invited to participate in a short semistructured interview. Qualitative data was thematically analysed. Results: A total of 122 participants (54 males, 66 females, 2 missing) were interviewed. Participants’ past experience with halitosis influences their understanding of the cause. Halitosis was attributed mostly to poor oral hygiene and diet and less commonly to systemic disease. Their perception of the condition’s severity influenced whether they seek professional help. Their perceived roles of health professionals and ease of access influenced their choice of health professionals to seek help from. Conclusion: The Victorian general public is aware of the causes of halitosis and the available treatment options. Choice of treatment and help-seeking behaviour are influenced by experience, perceived severity of the condition, and perceived role of health professionals and their accessibility

Conjunto residencial multifamiliar de densidad media ubicado en el distrito de Comas, Lima

La falta de planificación en la ciudad ha generado que existan zonas periféricas menos atendidas con un crecimiento desordenado y espontáneo, lo cual ha hecho que estas zonas se vayan consolidando de una manera peculiar, si bien es cierto las viviendas en las zonas periféricas de Lima, han ido adquiriendo los servicios básicos, como son agua, desagüe y luz; los proyectos arquitectónicos ofertados no son los más adecuados, puesto que si bien es cierto algunos resuelven de manera básica las necesidades de los usuarios, no les brindan una calidad de vida adecuada, ni un aporte a la imagen urbana e identidad con su vivienda. Otro de los problemas es la falta o pobre existencia de espacios públicos y recreativos en los distintos proyectos arquitectónicos ofertados, la inexistente interpretación de la identidad de los usuarios, para la creación de espacios funcionales y de la imagen arquitectónica de las propuestas, son problemas recurrentes, además existir un déficit de vivienda en la ciudad. Una de las mayores problemáticas de las construcciones de vivienda en el Perú es que en su mayoría estas son autoconstruidas informalmente, según la Sociedad Peruana de Bienes y Raíces: “El 80% de las viviendas en el Perú (…) son producto de la autoconstrucción, es decir, no tienen supervisión técnica en todo su proceso. El propietario construye con la asistencia de un maestro de obra, pero no hay un ingeniero civil ni arquitecto. (…) Al año se construyen alrededor de 30,000 viviendas informales de acuerdo a datos de Capeco.” (2019

PROCEEDINGS THE 4TH i-CoME 2021

Digitalization in the 21st century continues to influence how organizations and businesses function and process. However, success in digitalization requires continuous co-operation, empowerment, and planning. Over the years, we have seen changes in digitalizing and empowerment in not just businesses, but also in the workplace. Such digitalization and empowerment are becoming more important where it continues to drive businesses to go global. It also increased the speed of business innovation and transformation, while offering new knowledge and stronger insights into how businesses function and operate in a globalized market. The Business Management Program and Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan – JMK (Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship) of Petra Christian University, Surabaya Indonesia in cooperation with the School of Business of Faculty of Business, Design and Arts, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Sarawak Malaysia host the Fourth International Conference on Management and Entrepreneurship (4th i-CoME) 2021. This conference is made possible with the support of several accredited journals (SCOPUS, ESCI, among many). The conference present seven keynote speakers from five different countries: Australia, USA, Malaysia, Indonesia, and New Zealand. This conference also calls for research articles and papers from scholars, researchers, and students from all over the world. There are six sub-themes with various topics covering management and entrepreneurships topics. The conference is a forum where fellow academics share experiences, exchange knowledge, work hand-in-hand, and find managerial and entrepreneurial solutions for a better business world. The detailed information is available in the 4th i-CoME 2021 website: http://i-come.petra.ac.id The objectives of the 4th i-CoME 2021 are to become scholar’s forum to discuss a recent scholarly work, to become scholars’ forum where scholars from all over the world can gather and network, and to discover new findings that can benefit the business management and entrepreneurship world