Acute Coronary Syndromes: Current Treatment Guidelines and Updates

This home-study CPE activity has been developed to educate pharmacists on acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and its medical management

The ectodomain of Toll-like receptor 9 is cleaved to generate a functional receptor.

Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3, 7, 8 and 9 initiate immune responses to infection by recognizing microbial nucleic acids; however, these responses come at the cost of potential autoimmunity owing to inappropriate recognition of self nucleic acids. The localization of TLR9 and TLR7 to intracellular compartments seems to have a role in facilitating responses to viral nucleic acids while maintaining tolerance to self nucleic acids, yet the cell biology regulating the transport and localization of these receptors remains poorly understood. Here we define the route by which TLR9 and TLR7 exit the endoplasmic reticulum and travel to endolysosomes in mouse macrophages and dendritic cells. The ectodomains of TLR9 and TLR7 are cleaved in the endolysosome, such that no full-length protein is detectable in the compartment where ligand is recognized. Notably, although both the full-length and cleaved forms of TLR9 are capable of binding ligand, only the processed form recruits MyD88 on activation, indicating that this truncated receptor, rather than the full-length form, is functional. Furthermore, conditions that prevent receptor proteolysis, including forced TLR9 surface localization, render the receptor non-functional. We propose that ectodomain cleavage represents a strategy to restrict receptor activation to endolysosomal compartments and prevent TLRs from responding to self nucleic acids

Detained Adolescents: Mental Health Needs, Treatment Use, and Recidivism

Objective: Although approximately 60%-70% of detained adolescents meet criteria for a mental disorder, few receive treatment upon community reentry. Given that mental health treatment can potentially reduce recidivism, the study examined detained adolescents’ mental health needs and their post-detention mental health treatment and recidivism. Method: Altogether, 1574 adolescents (<18 years) completed a mental health screener at a detention center. Scores on the screener, mental health treatment utilization (60-days post-detention), and recidivism (6-months post-detention) were measured. Results: About 82.2% of adolescents earned elevated scores on the mental health screener, but only 16.4% utilized treatment and 37.2% recidivated. Logistic regression models revealed adolescents with insurance and higher Angry-Irritable scores were significantly more likely to obtain treatment, whereas males, Black adolescents, older adolescents, and adolescents endorsing a trauma history were less likely. Black adolescents, insured adolescents, and adolescents with higher Alcohol/Drug Use scores were significantly more likely to recidivate. Mental health treatment increased the likelihood of recidivism. Discussion: The prevalence of mental health needs among DAs was high, but treatment utilization was low, with notable treatment disparities across race, gender, and age. The use of mental health treatment predicted recidivism, suggesting treatment may act as a proxy measure of mental health problems. Future research should assess the impact of timely and continuous mental health services on recidivism

Side Information in Coded Aperture Compressive Spectral Imaging

Coded aperture compressive spectral imagers sense a three-dimensional cube by using two-dimensional projections of the coded and spectrally dispersed source. These imagers systems often rely on FPA detectors, SLMs, micromirror devices (DMDs), and dispersive elements. The use of the DMDs to implement the coded apertures facilitates the capture of multiple projections, each admitting a different coded aperture pattern. The DMD allows not only to collect the sufficient number of measurements for spectrally rich scenes or very detailed spatial scenes but to design the spatial structure of the coded apertures to maximize the information content on the compressive measurements. Although sparsity is the only signal characteristic usually assumed for reconstruction in compressing sensing, other forms of prior information such as side information have been included as a way to improve the quality of the reconstructions. This paper presents the coded aperture design in a compressive spectral imager with side information in the form of RGB images of the scene. The use of RGB images as side information of the compressive sensing architecture has two main advantages: the RGB is not only used to improve the reconstruction quality but to optimally design the coded apertures for the sensing process. The coded aperture design is based on the RGB scene and thus the coded aperture structure exploits key features such as scene edges. Real reconstructions of noisy compressed measurements demonstrate the benefit of the designed coded apertures in addition to the improvement in the reconstruction quality obtained by the use of side information

Drug-free holidays: Compliance, tolerability, and acceptability of a 3-day atovaquone/proguanil schedule for pre-travel malaria chemoprophylaxis in Australian travellers

Background Poor compliance with chemoprophylaxis is a major contributing factor to the risk of malaria in travellers. Pre-travel chemoprophylaxis may improve compliance by enabling ‘drug-free holidays’. The standard treatment dose of atovaquone/proguanil (250mg/100mg, 4 tablets/day for 3 days) provides protection against malaria for at least 4 weeks, and could therefore potentially be used for pre-travel chemoprophylaxis. In this study, we assessed the compliance, tolerability, and acceptability of the 3-day atovaquone/proguanil schedule for malarial chemoprophylaxis. Methods 233 participants were recruited from four specialised travel medicine clinics in Australia. Adults travelling to malaria-endemic areas with low/medium risk for ≤4 weeks were enrolled, and prescribed the 3-day schedule of atovaquone/proguanil, completed at least one day before departure. Questionnaires were used to collect data on demographics, travel destination, medication compliance, side effects, and reasons for choosing the 3-day schedule. The study was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, number ACTRN12616000640404 Results Overall, 97.7% of participants complied with the 3-day schedule. Although side effects were reported in 43.3% of the participants, these were well tolerated, and mainly occurred during the first and second day. None of the participants developed malaria. The main reasons for choosing the 3-day schedule over standard chemoprophylaxis options were that it was easier to remember (72.1%), required taking fewer tablets (54.0%), and to help scientific research (54.0%). Conclusions The 3-day atovaquone/proguanil schedule had an impressively high compliance rate, and was well tolerated and accepted by travellers. Further studies are required to assess the effectiveness of this schedule for chemoprophylaxis in travellers.C. L. L. was supported by a fellowship from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (grant number 1109035). This study was conducted as part of everyday clinical practice, and participants or their employers paid for the medications

La comunicación de marketing en la empresa Glow Nail & Salón, Los Olivos - 2014

La comunicación de marketing en la empresa Glow nail & salón, Los Olivos en el año 2014, es el resultado de un estudio que planteó como objetivo el Establecer el nivel de la comunicación de marketing en la empresa Glow nail & salón, Los Olivos en el año 2014; esto a razón de que se deseaba determinar cual era el nivel de la comunicación de marketing hacia los clientes, por lo que el estudio se enfocó en el comportamiento de la comunicación de marketing, basándose en los estudios de Philip Kotler & Kevin Keller, del cual se determinó las dimensiones que la conforman, como son, la publicidad, promoción de ventas, marketing de boca en boca, marketing directo y ventas personales, con respecto a la metodología empleada se desarrolló bajo el tipo de investigación descriptiva, porque nos permitió describir y analizar las reacciones y percepciones que generan las herramientas de la comunicación de marketing en los clientes; así mismo, se trabajó bajo un diseño de investigación no experimental con una metodología cuantitativo Inductivo - Deductivo, para la obtención de los resultados se implemento el desarrollo del cuestionario a través de la técnica de la encuesta y la observación, en una población de 80 personas, todas ellas clientes directos de la empresa, lo que nos dio como resultados que los clientes perciben que la comunicación de marketing tiene tendencia al nivel medianamente óptimo, por tanto, podemos concluir que existe la necesidad de dar mayor efectividad a los medios publicitarios y mejora el nivel de comunicación hacia los clientes

El rol del estado ante la privatización de los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales: reflexiones en torno al derecho a la seguridad social ¿desnaturalización de un derecho o flexibilidad de un modelo económico?

El principal objetivo de este trabajo consiste en determinar —desde una aproximación general— en qué medida la privatización del derecho a la seguridad social en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico habría supuesto o no la desnaturalización del contenido de este derecho. Para tal propósito, centraremos nuestro análisis en la prestación social referida a pensiones. En tal sentido, la justificación de este artículo no es otra que la de poder contribuir, desde la perspectiva de los derechos humanos, al análisis de este derecho, así como a la reflexión acerca de las dificultades que este afronta para lograr su plena efectividad.Trabajo académic