Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults Associated with Von Recklinghausen’s Disease (Neurofibromatosis Type 1)

Introduction: Endocrine disorders during Von Recklinghausen’s Disease or neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are rare and particularly observed in children. However, autoimmune diabetes mellitus (DM) remains exceptional and unusual during this phacomatosis. We report an original case of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) associated with NF1.Case Report: A 32-year-old Tunisian male, known to have NF1 since childhood, was admitted for significant recent weight loss (10 kg in one month) with high blood glucose levels. The biological tests confirmed the diagnosis of DM with marked ketoacidosis: fast blood glucose at 16 mmol/l, postprandial glucose at 21 mmol/l, and HbA1c at 9.9%. Radiological and endoscopic investigations did not indicate pancreatic and/or duodenal tumors. Anti-GAD and anti-IA2 autoantibodies were positively confirming the diagnosis of LADA. The assessment of degenerative complications and screening for possible other autoimmune diseases were negative. The evolution was favorable under intensive insulinotherapy.Conclusion: The association of DM type 1 with NF1 remains exceptional and only four cases are found in the literature, all pediatrics. Our observation is, to our knowledge, the first reporting this association in adult (LADA with NF1)

Behavior canola (<i>Brassica Napus</i>) following a sewage sludge treatment

International audienceIn this study, two types of sludge were being used, while the first was with urban dominance, the second was with industrial dominance. The effects of sewage sludge had been studied in a Brassica Napus field. The mineralogical, chemical and microscopic study of the sludge showed that industrial sludge had very high levels of Cr, Pb and Cd. These metals existed mainly under the form of daubreelita Cr2FeS4, brezininaite Cr3S4, wattersite Hg5CrO6, crocoite PbC2O4, pheonicochroite Pb2O(CrO4) and Pb-oxalate PbC2O4. The results showed that sludge significantly improves the growth of the underground part of the plant (root) and the upper part (stem, leaves etc...). This improvement is more important for urban sludge. However, this beneficial effect was accompanied by a change in the composition of the plant some trace element metals. An abnormal accumulation of Cr was found in the roots, stem, leaves, and siliques when the industrial sludge was brought which reflected the richness of the latest. The dose-effect sewage sludge was very clear at the levels of Pb in the roots especially for industrial sludge which exceeded the threshold values of toxicity starting from the dose of 25t/ha of industrial sludge. Cd levels only increased with the addition of 100t/ha of industrial sludge. For Ni, Cu, Co and Zn, especially at roots level, the increase depends on mud's dose and especially on its type. On the contrary, levels of iron, and to a less extent manganese levels, had been reduced due to sludge despite their richness with these elements. That was probably due to antagonism with one or more particular elements especially Zn

Transfert heavy metal sewage sludge as fertilizer from soil to ray grass

International audienceThe land application of sewage sludge reveals a significant increase in dray matter production of Ray Grass (Lolium perenne L.). In equivalent dose of liquid sludge, we registered a lower production of dry material. Besides, neither the dose nor type of sludge seems to have an effect on heavy metals contents in the air part plant. On the other hand, contribution of sludge under dry or liquid forms increases significantly heavy metals contents in roots with regard to witness without sludge. The comparison between the beginning and end of culture, revealed a decrease heavy metals contents in soil in particular at horizon 0-40 cm deep. Besides, this decrease Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu contents in soil is not linking to transfer from soil to air part of plant, but rather is the accumulation in roots, which play the role of a barrier

Transfer heavy metal from soil treated to colza

International audienceThe impact of heavy metals were tested in sludge from urban and industrial wastewater treatment plants, trying to understand their influence on colza growth and their bioaccumulation. We chose the colza to their specific characteristics. The colza is a plant of the family Brassica Napus, is an excellent bio-accumulator of heavy metals. The mean levels found in the soil are organized in the following order: Fe >> Mn> Zn> Pb> Cu> Ni> Co> Cd. The contents of heavy metals in the sludge are very high and exceed European values allowed for that type of use. The effects of the contribution of sludge are manifested by a significant increase in the heavy metals of the colza, these results in a variation of the ratio between the aerial part and roots of the plant; this ratio tends to increase with the dose of mud brought in soil. The roots of plants show high levels of Zn even on the ground of untreated soil. The contents of Ni, Pb and Zn, compared to Cu and Co, are higher in the roots of colza

Biodiesel industry waste recovery in agriculture

International audienceWe examine in this study the possibility of using biodiesel industry waste mixed with urban sewage sludge as a source of nutrients for the production and seedling development in agriculture. Biodiesel industry waste is diatomaceous earth (DE) compounds and paraffin. We added DE with urban sewage sludge. The advantage of this operation is to eliminate the two wastes, residues of the biodiesel industry and sludge from wastewater treatment plants. We studied the behavior of Camaldulensis Eucalyptus and white mulberry (Morus Alba Yu vc-62).The Dickson Quality Index (DQI) of White Mulberry and Camaldulensis Eucalyptus plants tested in different substrates (urban sewage sludge and DE) are all above the minimum recommended value of 0.2. The Camaldulensis Eucalyptus and white mulberry (Morus Alba) plants have good growth in substrates containing urban sewage sludge and diatomaceous earth compared to commercial substrate used as control. Biodiesel industry waste can used up to 50% by volume of the substrate without compromising the quality of the plants with a reduction in the cost of production

Impact of the Spreading of Sludge from Wastewater Treatment Plants on the Transfer and Bio-Availability of Trace Metal Elements in the Soil-Plant System

The spreading of sludge from sewage treatment plants increased the production of durum wheat and rapeseed. Their richness in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium gives them a beneficial effect on crops. However, the application of the sludge can induce increases in the concentration of metals in plant tissues. This increase can generate disturbances at the level of the cell and organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, which can be altered. Repeated applications of the sludge on the same site tend to increase the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, so that an cause toxicities for soil microorganisms, animals, and humans, via the food chain. However, it is important to specify that these nuisances mainly concerned industrial sludge, but the use of this sludge is strictly prohibited. In addition, the high doses used in our field experiments are significantly higher than those authorized in agricultural practice. Finally, the risk assessment by calculating both the level of consumer exposure and the number of years for soil saturation shows that the use of urban sludge is safe, especially in the short and medium-term. Nevertheless, the quality of the sludge to be spread must be constantly monitored

Quality of rapeseed oil after different applications (amendments) of sewage sludge in soils

International audienceApplication of sewage sludge rich in organic matter and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium tend to improve crop yields. Nevertheless, this use is limited because of their heavy metal content. The objective of this work is to study the effect of sewage sludge on the accumulation of metallic trace elements in seeds and rapeseed oil. For this purpose, two different types of sludge by their metal composition were tested. Compared to the control, the supply of industrial sludge increases the metallic load of seeds and rapeseed oil. This increase is noted with the highest doses 50 and 100 t/ha. The same trend was observed during the two years of application. This effect is due to the richness of these slurries in chrome, cadmium and lead. This modification of the metal composition was accompanied by the decrease in the oil content. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of total lipids shows an increase in the percentage of oleic acid at the expense of linoleic and linolenic acids. On the other hand, the increase of 18: 1 at the expense of linoleic and linolenic acids may be the result of metal-induced alteration. For urban sludge, we noticed a variation in Cr, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn contents in the seeds depending on the doses. However, for Cd and Pb no variation was recorded. An increase in metal trace element levels was well reported at the seed level during the second amendment. We also detected a decrease in oil content with the contribution of industrial sludge. The composition of the total lipids in fatty acids shows an increase in the percentage of oleic acid (C18: 1) at the expense of linoleic (C18: 2) and linolenic (C18: 3) acids under the effect of heavy metals brought by the industrial sludge while no difference is recorded with urban sludge regardless of the dose. No significant differences in heavy metals were observed with the addition of the different doses of urban sludge even after two years of application. Urban sludge has no effect on oil content or fatty acid composition. However, we detected increases in most heavy metals, especially for high doses of industrial sewage sludge

Quality of rapeseed oil after different applications (amendments) of sewage sludge in soils

International audienceApplication of sewage sludge rich in organic matter and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium tend to improve crop yields. Nevertheless, this use is limited because of their heavy metal content. The objective of this work is to study the effect of sewage sludge on the accumulation of metallic trace elements in seeds and rapeseed oil. For this purpose, two different types of sludge by their metal composition were tested. Compared to the control, the supply of industrial sludge increases the metallic load of seeds and rapeseed oil. This increase is noted with the highest doses 50 and 100 t/ha. The same trend was observed during the two years of application. This effect is due to the richness of these slurries in chrome, cadmium and lead. This modification of the metal composition was accompanied by the decrease in the oil content. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of total lipids shows an increase in the percentage of oleic acid at the expense of linoleic and linolenic acids. On the other hand, the increase of 18: 1 at the expense of linoleic and linolenic acids may be the result of metal-induced alteration. For urban sludge, we noticed a variation in Cr, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn contents in the seeds depending on the doses. However, for Cd and Pb no variation was recorded. An increase in metal trace element levels was well reported at the seed level during the second amendment. We also detected a decrease in oil content with the contribution of industrial sludge. The composition of the total lipids in fatty acids shows an increase in the percentage of oleic acid (C18: 1) at the expense of linoleic (C18: 2) and linolenic (C18: 3) acids under the effect of heavy metals brought by the industrial sludge while no difference is recorded with urban sludge regardless of the dose. No significant differences in heavy metals were observed with the addition of the different doses of urban sludge even after two years of application. Urban sludge has no effect on oil content or fatty acid composition. However, we detected increases in most heavy metals, especially for high doses of industrial sewage sludge

Quality of rapeseed oil after different applications (amendments) of sewage sludge in soils

International audienceApplication of sewage sludge rich in organic matter and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium tend to improve crop yields. Nevertheless, this use is limited because of their heavy metal content. The objective of this work is to study the effect of sewage sludge on the accumulation of metallic trace elements in seeds and rapeseed oil. For this purpose, two different types of sludge by their metal composition were tested. Compared to the control, the supply of industrial sludge increases the metallic load of seeds and rapeseed oil. This increase is noted with the highest doses 50 and 100 t/ha. The same trend was observed during the two years of application. This effect is due to the richness of these slurries in chrome, cadmium and lead. This modification of the metal composition was accompanied by the decrease in the oil content. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of total lipids shows an increase in the percentage of oleic acid at the expense of linoleic and linolenic acids. On the other hand, the increase of 18: 1 at the expense of linoleic and linolenic acids may be the result of metal-induced alteration. For urban sludge, we noticed a variation in Cr, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn contents in the seeds depending on the doses. However, for Cd and Pb no variation was recorded. An increase in metal trace element levels was well reported at the seed level during the second amendment. We also detected a decrease in oil content with the contribution of industrial sludge. The composition of the total lipids in fatty acids shows an increase in the percentage of oleic acid (C18: 1) at the expense of linoleic (C18: 2) and linolenic (C18: 3) acids under the effect of heavy metals brought by the industrial sludge while no difference is recorded with urban sludge regardless of the dose. No significant differences in heavy metals were observed with the addition of the different doses of urban sludge even after two years of application. Urban sludge has no effect on oil content or fatty acid composition. However, we detected increases in most heavy metals, especially for high doses of industrial sewage sludge

Incidence of sewage sludge fertilizer application on Ray Grass (Morocco)

International audienceThe land application of sewage sludge reveals a significant increase in the dry matter production of RayGrass. In equivalent dose of liquid mud, we registered a lower production of dry material, which could be the resultof a loss though lixiviation of a quantity of nitrogen brought by mud. Besides, neither the dose nor the type of mudseems to have an effect on the Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn contents in the air part of the plant. On the other hand, it noticedthat the contribution of mud under dry or liquid forms increases significantly the contents of Cd, Pb and of Zn inroots with regard to the witness without mud.The comparison between the beginning and the end of culture, revealed a decrease of the content in Cd, Zn, Pb andCu in the ground in particular at the level of the superficial coats (0-40 cm). Besides, this decrease of the contents inCd, Zn, Pb and Cu in the ground is in no case connected to increase in the air part of the plant but rather, is for anaccumulation in the roots, which play the role of a barrier, or a migration of these elements beyond roots